NIDUS Delirium Bibliography

Delirium Bibliography books graphic What is the Delirium Bibliography? The searchable Delirium Bibliography page is one of our most popular features, allowing you to quickly gain access to the literature on delirium and acute care of older persons. It is primarily intended for clinicians and researchers interested in exploring these topics. The NIDUS team keeps it updated for you on a monthly basis!

How to Search for Articles: Search by author, title, year, and/or keywords. Each article is indexed by keywords taken from MEDLINE and other relevant databases. Click on the title of the article to read the abstract, journal, etc.

Reference Information

Title: Development and Validation of Machine Learning Models to Predict Postoperative Delirium Using Clinical Features and Polysomnography Variables

Authors: Ha, W. S. Choi, B. K. Yeom, J. Song, S. Cho, S. Chu, M. K. Kim, W. J. Heo, K. Kim, K. M.

Year: 2024

Journal: J Clin Med

Abstract: Background: Delirium affects up to 50% of patients following high-risk surgeries and is associated with poor long-term prognosis. This study employed machine learning to predict delirium using polysomnography (PSG) and sleep-disorder questionnaire data, and aimed to identify key sleep-related factors for improved interventions and patient outcomes. Methods: We studied 912 adults who underwent surgery under general anesthesia at a tertiary hospital (2013-2024) and had PSG within 5 years of surgery. Delirium was assessed via clinical diagnoses, antipsychotic prescriptions, and psychiatric consultations within 14 days postoperatively. Sleep-related data were collected using PSG and questionnaires. Machine learning predictions were performed to identify postoperative delirium, focusing on model accuracy and feature importance. Results: This study divided the 912 patients into an internal training set (700) and an external test set (212). Univariate analysis identified significant delirium risk factors: midazolam use, prolonged surgery duration, and hypoalbuminemia. Sleep-related variables such as fewer rapid eye movement (REM) episodes and higher daytime sleepiness were also linked to delirium. An extreme gradient-boosting-based classification task achieved an AUC of 0.81 with clinical variables, 0.60 with PSG data alone, and 0.84 with both, demonstrating the added value of PSG data. Analysis of Shapley additive explanations values highlighted important predictors: surgery duration, age, midazolam use, PSG-derived oxygen saturation nadir, periodic limb movement index, and REM episodes, demonstrating the relationship between sleep patterns and the risk of delirium. Conclusions: The artificial intelligence model integrates clinical and sleep variables and reliably identifies postoperative delirium, demonstrating that sleep-related factors contribute to its identification. Predicting patients at high risk of developing postoperative delirium and closely monitoring them could reduce the costs and complications associated with delirium.

PMID: PMID: 39336972

PMCID: PMC11431977

Keywords: machine learning
polysomnography
postoperative delirium
predictive modeling
sleep disorders

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Total Records Found: 6347, showing 100 per page
Title	Authors	Journal	Year	Keywords
Living at home after emergency hospital admission: Prospective cohort study in older adults with and without cognitive spectrum disorder.	Burton, J. K. Guthrie, B. Hapca, S. M. Cvoro, V. Donnan, P. T. Reynish, E. L.	BMC Medicine	2018	aged article cognitive spectrum disorder cohort analysis controlled study delirium dementia disease association disorders of higher cerebral function female general hospital geriatric assessment health service home care hospital admission hospital discharge hospitalization human incidence major clinical study male Older Person Routine Acute Assessment outcome assessment prospective study residential home risk factor very elderly
The Association Between C-Reactive Protein and Postoperative Delirium Differs by Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Genotype.	Vasunilashorn, S. M. Ngo, L. H. Jones, R. N. Inouye, S. K. Hall, K. T. Gallagher, J. Dillon, S. T. Xie, Z. Libermann, T. A. Marcantonio, E. R.	American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry	2019	acute phase protein C reactive protein catechol methyltransferase DNA valine aged article cohort analysis colon resection controlled study disease association DNA extraction enzyme linked immunosorbent assay female genetic association genotype human major clinical study male orthopedic surgery postoperative delirium prospective study protein blood level vascular surgery
Risk factors associated with acute in-hospital delirium for patients diagnosed with a hip fracture in the emergency department.	Thompson, C. Brienza, V. J. M. Sandre, A. Caine, S. Borgundvaag, B. McLeod, S.	Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine	2018	codeine hydromorphone morphine oxycodone paracetamol adult age Alzheimer disease analgesia article atrial fibrillation breathing rate cerebrovascular accident confusion congestive heart failure Cushing disease degenerative disease delirium dementia depression emergency ward female heart rate hip fracture hospital patient human hypertension hyperthyroidism hypothyroidism length of stay major clinical study male mental health middle aged osteoarthritis osteoporosis outcome assessment oxygen saturation Parkinson disease retrospective study risk factor schizophrenia systolic blood pressure
A Comparison of Early, Late, and No Treatment of Intensive Care Unit Delirium With Antipsychotics: A Retrospective Cohort Study.	Thom, R. P. Bui, M. P. Rosner, B. Teslyar, P. Levy-Carrick, N. C. Klompas, M.	The Primary Care Companion for CNS Disorders	2018	neuroleptic agent coma comparative study critical illness delirium female follow up human intensive care unit male middle aged mortality retrospective study time factor treatment outcome
Postoperative Pain Management Strategies and Delirium After Transapical Aortic Valve Replacement: A Randomized Controlled Trial.	Strike, E. Arklina, B. Stradins, P. Cusimano, R. J. Osten, M. Horlick, E. Styra, R. Poonawala, H. Carroll, J. Djaiani, G.	Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia	2018	adult article clinical article comorbidity contraindication controlled study dementia demography drug therapy extubation female human intensive care unit male morbidity mortality opiate addiction patient controlled analgesia postoperative delirium postoperative pain postoperative period preoperative evaluation prospective study randomization randomized controlled trial regional anesthesia sedation Sedation Agitation Scale staff surgery tertiary care center transcatheter aortic valve implantation university hospital visual analog scale local anesthetic agent opiate
Effect of Depth of Sedation in Older Patients Undergoing Hip Fracture Repair on Postoperative Delirium: The STRIDE Randomized Clinical Trial.	Sieber, F. E. Neufeld, K. J. Gottschalk, A. Bigelow, G. E. Oh, E. S. Rosenberg, P. B. Mears, S. C. Stewart, K. J. Ouanes, J. P. P. Jaberi, M. Hasenboehler, E. A. Li, T. Wang, N. Y.	JAMA Surg	2018	local anesthetic agent propofol aged anesthesia level article Charlson Comorbidity Index double blind procedure female follow up fracture treatment hip fracture hospital discharge human incidence intention to treat analysis intraoperative period major clinical study male postoperative delirium postoperative period priority journal spinal anesthesia
Incidence of Delirium in Critically Ill Cancer Patients.	Sánchez-Hurtado, L. A. Hernández-Sánchez, N. Del Moral-Armengol, M. Guevara-García, H. García-Guillén, F. J. Herrera-Gómez, Á Ñamendys-Silva, S. A.	Pain Research & Management	2018	adult aged cohort analysis complication critical illness delirium female human incidence intensive care unit male middle aged neoplasm risk factor severity of illness index
Dispersion in Scores on the Richmond Agitation and Sedation Scale as a Measure of Delirium in Patients with Subdural Hematomas.	Robinson, D. Thompson, S. Bauerschmidt, A. Melmed, K. Couch, C. Park, S. Agarwal, S. Roh, D. Connolly, E. S. Claassen, J.	Neurocritical Care	2018	adult agitation APACHE article cohort analysis controlled study delirium diagnosis female functional disease human infection major clinical study male monitoring neurological intensive care unit prospective study Rankin scale sedation subdural hematoma traumatic brain injury
Underdiagnosis of delirium in the elderly in acute care hospital settings: lessons not learned.	Ritter, S. R. F. Cardoso, A. F. Lins, M. M. P. Zoccoli, T. L. V. Freitas, M. P. D. Camargos, E. F.	Psychogeriatrics	2018	aged article bacterial infection Brazil cerebrovascular accident Confusion Assessment Method controlled study cross-sectional study delirium dementia diagnostic accuracy diagnostic error diagnostic test accuracy study female gender hospital emergency service human intermethod comparison major clinical study male mental disease assessment physician prevalence priority journal self concept sensitivity and specificity subjective assessment underdiagnosis
Risk Factors and Hospital Mortality in Surgical and Non-surgical Patients with Delirium.	Restrepo, D. Duque, M. Montoya, L. Berrouet, M. C. Rojas, M. Lopera, G. Giraldo, K.	Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria	2018	cholinergic receptor blocking agent adult article cognitive defect cohort analysis delirium descriptive research female hospital mortality hospital patient human major clinical study male mortality risk retrospective study risk assessment scientific literature surgical patient
Caring for Critically Ill Patients with the ABCDEF Bundle: Results of the ICU Liberation Collaborative in Over 15,000 Adults.	Pun, B. T. Balas, M. C. Barnes-Daly, M. A. Thompson, J. L. Aldrich, J. M. Barr, J. Byrum, D. Carson, S. S. Devlin, J. W. Engel, H. J. Esbrook, C. L. Hargett, K. D. Harmon, L. Hielsberg, C. Jackson, J. C. Kelly, T. L. Kumar, V. Millner, L. Morse, A. Perme,	Crit Care Med	2019	adult article artificial ventilation clinical outcome cohort analysis coma controlled study critically ill patient death delirium dose response female hospital discharge hospital readmission human major clinical study male mortality multicenter study pain prospective study total quality management
Effects of Perioperative Dexmedetomidine on Postoperative Mortality and Morbidity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis	Peng, K. Ji, F. H. Liu, H. Y. Zhang, J. Chen, Q. C. Jiang, Y. H.	Clinical Therapeutics	2018	adult article artificial ventilation atrial fibrillation bradycardia cohort analysis complication controlled study delirium drug therapy Embase female heart arrest heart surgery hospitalization human intensive care unit male Medline morbidity outcome assessment prescription prevalence randomized controlled trial (topic) surgery surgical mortality systematic review dexmedetomidine
Relation Between Delirium and Anticholinergic Drug Burden in a Cohort of Hospitalized Older Patients: An Observational Study.	Pasina, L. Colzani, L. Cortesi, L. Tettamanti, M. Zambon, A. Nobili, A. Mazzone, A. Mazzola, P. Annoni, G. Bellelli, G.	Drugs Aging	2018	adverse event aged animal experiment animal model animal tissue anticholinergic effect article central nervous system cohort analysis controlled study cross-sectional study delirium dementia diagnosis dose response drug combination drug therapy drug toxicity female Italy male malnutrition multicenter study nonhuman nutritional assessment observational study retrospective study risk assessment sensitivity and specificity side effect univariate analysis cholinergic receptor blocking agent quetiapine
Neopterin and mini-mental state examination scores, two independent risk factors for postoperative delirium in elderly patients with open abdominal surgery.	Miao, S. Shen, P. Zhang, Q. Wang, H. Shen, J. Wang, G. Lv, D.	Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics	2018	C reactive protein interleukin 6 neopterin somatomedin C abdominal surgery aged article blood sampling body mass cancer research cancer surgery Charlson Comorbidity Index comorbidity comparative study delirium DSM-IV enzyme linked immunosorbent assay female gastrointestinal tumor geriatric patient human laparotomy logistic regression analysis major clinical study male mental health Mini Mental State Examination open surgery postoperative delirium prediction risk factor
Reliability and accuracy of delirium assessments among investigators at multiple international centres.	Maybrier, H. R. Mickle, A. M. Escallier, K. E. Lin, N. Schmitt, E. M. Upadhyayula, R. T. Wildes, T. S. Mashour, G. A. Palihnich, K. Inouye, S. K. Avidan, M. S.	BMJ Open	2018	NCT01690988 aged article clinical article controlled study delirium diagnostic accuracy disease severity feedback system female human interrater reliability male multicenter study outcome assessment predictive value prophylaxis randomized controlled trial sensitivity and specificity videorecording
Does the melatonin receptor 1B gene polymorphism have a role in postoperative delirium?	Mahanna-Gabrielli, E. Miano, T. A. Augoustides, J. G. Kim, C. Bavaria, J. E. Andrew Kofke, W.	PLoS ONE	2018	adult aged aortic root surgery aortic valve repair article controlled study female genetic risk genotype human major clinical study male melatonin receptor 1B gene postoperative delirium receptor gene single nucleotide polymorphism
Volatile anaesthetics and postoperative delirium in older surgical patients—A secondary analysis of prospective cohort studies	Kinjo, S. Lim, E. Magsaysay, M. V. Sands, L. P. Leung, J. M.	Acta Anaesthesiol Scand	2019	desflurane isoflurane sevoflurane aged article brain function cognition cohort analysis controlled study drug efficacy drug safety female follow up human incidence major clinical study male peripheral nerve postoperative delirium postoperative pain preoperative evaluation priority journal prospective study secondary analysis surgical patient surgical risk very elderly
Addition of Suvorexant to Ramelteon Therapy for Improved Sleep Quality with Reduced Delirium Risk in Acute Stroke Patients.	Kawada, K. Ohta, T. Tanaka, K. Miyamura, M. Tanaka, S.	Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases	2019	phosphorus 33 ramelteon suvorexant zolpidem aged article body mass brain infarction cerebrovascular accident cohort analysis combination drug therapy controlled study daytime somnolence delirium disease association female hospitalization human logistic regression analysis major clinical study male priority journal retrospective study risk factor single blind procedure sleep disorder sleep quality
Age-dependent morbidity and mortality outcomes after surgical aortic valve replacement.	Hussain, A. I. Auensen, A. Brunborg, C. Beitnes, J. O. Gullestad, L. Pettersen, K. I.	Interactive cardiovascular and thoracic surgery	2018	NCT01794832 pacemaker age aged aortic stenosis aortic valve replacement article cause of death cerebrovascular accident clinical trial cognition cohort analysis delirium disease severity female hazard ratio heart failure heart infarction hospital readmission human infection length of stay major clinical study male morbidity mortality rate mortality risk New York Heart Association class postoperative complication priority journal prospective study quality of life survival transient ischemic attack very elderly
Interventions for preventing intensive care unit delirium in adults.	Herling, S. F. Greve, I. E. Vasilevskis, E. E. Egerod, I. Bekker Mortensen, C. Møller, A. M. Svenningsen, H. Thomsen, T.	Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews	2018	ISRCTN83567338 NCT00095251 NCT00466492 NCT00675363 NCT00824239 NCT01270269 NCT01274819 NCT01739933 NCT01785290 NCT01791296 NCT0196768 NCT01983800 NCT02245256 NCT02548923 NCT02612948 NCT02615340 NCT02932358 NCT03002701 NCT03095443 NCT03125252 NCT03172897 NCT03215745 dexmedetomidine haloperidol lorazepam placebo adult APACHE artificial ventilation bradycardia cognitive defect cognitive therapy coma critically ill patient delirium environmental intervention health care cost hospital mortality human intensive care unit intention to treat analysis intervention study length of stay nursing intervention outcome assessment physiotherapy priority journal randomized controlled trial (topic) review sedation seizure sensitivity analysis treatment duration ventilator weaning
Mortality in people with dementia, delirium, and unspecified cognitive impairment in the general hospital: Prospective cohort study of 6,724 patients with 2 years follow-up.	Hapca, S. Guthrie, B. Cvoro, V. Bu, F. Rutherford, A. C. Reynish, E. Donnan, P. T.	Clinical Epidemiology	2018	aged cognition assessment cognitive defect cohort analysis comorbidity controlled study delirium dementia disease association disease classification female follow up functional status general hospital high risk patient hospital admission human major clinical study male mortality physical disease prospective study review risk factor very elderly
Neurofilament Light in the Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid of Hip Fracture Patients with Delirium.	Halaas, N. B. Blennow, K. Idland, A. V. Wyller, T. B. Ræder, J. Frihagen, F. Staff, A. C. Zetterberg, H. Watne, L. O.	Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders	2018	aged article cerebrospinal fluid controlled study delirium dementia diagnosis elective surgery female hip fracture human human tissue major clinical study male neurofilament preoperative evaluation surgery biological marker endogenous compound
Investigating speech and language impairments in delirium: A preliminary case-control study.	Green, S. Reivonen, S. Rutter, L. M. Nouzova, E. Duncan, N. Clarke, C. MacLullich, A. M. J. Tieges, Z.	PLoS One	2018	aged arousal article attention test case control study clinical article cognitive defect comprehension controlled study conversation delirium dementia DSM-5 female grammar hospital patient human language ability language disability male memory test Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale semantics speech and language rehabilitation speech disorder task performance written language
Elevated serum S-100β in patients with septic shock is associated with delirium.	Erikson, K. Ala-Kokko, T. I. Koskenkari, J. Liisanantti, J. H. Kamakura, R. Herzig, K. H. Syrjälä, H.	Acta Anaesthesiol Scand	2019	interleukin 6 neuron specific enolase protein S100B substance P adult aged article blood sampling clinical article controlled study delirium female human intensive care unit male multiple organ failure observational study priority journal prospective study protein blood level septic shock Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score
A prospective, observational study of cerebrovascular autoregulation and its association with delirium following cardiac surgery.	Chan, B. Aneman, A.	Anaesthesia	2019	FORESIGHT Elite IntelliVue MP70 Patient Monitor patient monitor analgesic agent fentanyl hypertensive factor inotropic agent nitroprusside sodium propofol adult aphasia article autoregulation cerebrovascular disease cognitive defect cohort analysis controlled clinical trial controlled study delirium female heart surgery human impaired cerebrovascular autoregulation intensive care unit major clinical study male mean arterial pressure near infrared spectroscopy observational study oximetry postoperative complication prospective study surgical patient tissue oxygenation
Dynamic cerebral autoregulation: A marker of post-operative delirium?	Caldas, J. R. Panerai, R. B. Bor-Seng-Shu, E. Ferreira, G. S. R. Camara, L. Passos, R. H. de-Lima-Oliveira, M. Galas, F. R. B. G. Almeida, J. P. Nogueira, R. C. Mian, N. Gaiotto, F. A. Robinson, T. G. Hajjar, L. A.	Clinical Neurophysiology	2018	NCT02143544 adult article autoregulation blood flow velocity blood pressure measurement brain blood flow cardiopulmonary bypass coronary artery bypass graft disease association disease marker female heart surgery human major clinical study male observational study postoperative delirium preoperative period priority journal prospective study surgical risk
The Golden Angels: Effects of trained volunteers on specialling and readmission rates for people with dementia and delirium in rural hospitals.	Blair, A. Anderson, K. Bateman, C.	International Psychogeriatrics	2018	hearing aid visual aid aged article clinical effectiveness controlled clinical trial controlled study decubitus delirium dementia drug use falling female health program hospital admission hospital readmission hospital volunteer human length of stay major clinical study male medical education mortality nutrition orientation outcome assessment patient care patient safety physical activity prospective study reproducibility residential care risk assessment rural area
The effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions in reducing the incidence and duration of delirium in critically ill patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.	Bannon, L. McGaughey, J. Verghis, R. Clarke, M. McAuley, D. F. Blackwood, B.	Intensive Care Medicine	2018	adult article controlled study critically ill patient delirium female human incidence intensive care male meta analysis outcome assessment phototherapy physiotherapy randomized controlled trial (topic) systematic review voice
Blood Thiamine Level and Cognitive Function in Older Hospitalized Patients.	Pourhassan, M. Angersbach, B. Lueg, G. Klimek, C. N. Wirth, R.	J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol	2018	delirium dementia depression functional status recovery thiamine
Low doses of ketamine reduce delirium but not opiate consumption in mechanically ventilated and sedated ICU patients: A randomised double-blind control trial.	Perbet, S. Verdonk, F. Godet, T. Jabaudon, M. Chartier, C. Cayot, S. Guerin, R. Morand, D. Bazin, J. E. Futier, E. Pereira, B. Constantin, J. M.	Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med	2018	Consumption of opiates Delirium Intensive care unit Ketamine infusion Mechanical ventilation
CSF sodium at toxic levels precedes delirium in hip fracture patients.	Hassel, B. Mariussen, E. Idland, A. V. Dahl, G. T. Raeder, J. Frihagen, F. Berg, J. P. Chaudhry, F. A. Wyller, T. B. Watne, L. O.	Neurotoxicology	2018	Cerebrospinal fluid Choroid plexus Delirium Potassium Serum Sodium
Relationship between the administration of nicardipine hydrochloride and the development of delirium in patients on mechanical ventilation.	Zamami, Y. Kouno, Y. Niimura, T. Chuma, M. Imai, T. Mitsui, M. Koyama, T. Kayano, M. Okada, N. Hamano, H. Goda, M. Imanishi, M. Takechi, K. Horinouchi, Y. Kondo, Y. Yanagawa, H. Kitamura, Y. Sendo, T. Ujike, Y. Ishizawa, K.	Pharmazie	2018
Prevalence and risk factors of delirium and subsyndromal delirium in Chinese older adults.	Yam, K. K. Shea, Y. F. Chan, T. C. Chiu, K. C. Luk, J. K. Chu, L. W. Chan, F. H.	Geriatrics & Gerontology International	2018	Chinese delirium prevalence risk factors subsyndromal delirium
Home-based Cognitive Prehabilitation in Older Surgical Patients: A Feasibility Study.	Vlisides, P. E. Das, A. R. Thompson, A. M. Kunkler, B. Zierau, M. Cantley, M. J. McKinney, A. M. Giordani, B.	J Neurosurg Anesthesiol	2018
Meta-analysis of Prevalence and Risk Factors for Delirium After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation.	Tilley, E. Psaltis, P. J. Loetscher, T. Davis, D. H. Harrison, S. L. Kim, S. Keage, H. A. D.	Am J Cardiol	2018
Development and feasibility of a smartphone-based test for the objective detection and monitoring of attention impairments in delirium in the ICU.	Tang, E. Laverty, M. Weir, A. Wilson, E. S. Walsh, T. S. Allerhand, M. Parks, S. MacLullich, A. M. J. Tieges, Z.	J Crit Care	2018	Arousal Attention Impairments Case-Control Study Cognitive Assessment Delirium Smartphone
Retrospective Analysis of Perioperative Variables Associated With Postoperative Delirium and Other Adverse Outcomes in Older Patients After Spine Surgery.	Susano, M. J. Scheetz, S. D. Grasfield, R. H. Cheung, D. Xu, X. Kang, J. D. Smith, T. R. Lu, Y. Groff, M. W. Chi, J. H. Crosby, G. Culley, D. J.	J Neurosurg Anesthesiol	2018
Delirium detection by a novel bispectral electroencephalography device in general hospital.	Shinozaki, G. Chan, A. C. Sparr, N. A. Zarei, K. Gaul, L. N. Heinzman, J. T. Robles, J. Yuki, K. Chronis, T. J. Ando, T. Wong, T. Sabbagh, S. Weckmann, M. T. Lee, S. Yamada, T. Karam, M. D. Noiseux, N. O. Shinozaki, E. Cromwell, J. W.	Psychiatry Clin Neurosci	2018	Aged Aged, 80 and over Brain/physiopathology Delirium/diagnosis/physiopathology Electroencephalography/methods Female Humans Male Mass Screening Middle Aged Pilot Projects Point-of-Care Systems delirium electroencephalogram point of care power spectral analysis
Incremental cost and length of stay associated with postprocedure delirium in transcatheter and surgical aortic valve replacement patients in the United States.	Potter, B. J. Thompson, C. Green, P. Clancy, S.	Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions	2018	aortic aortic valve disease economics/cost-effectiveness elderly patients surgery transcatheter valve implantation
Effect of regional versus general anaesthesia on postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing surgery for hip fracture: a systematic review.	Patel, V. Champaneria, R. Dretzke, J. Yeung, J.	BMJ Open	2018	general anaesthesia hip fracture regional anaesthesia systematic review
The Role of Perioperative Statin Use in the Prevention of Delirium After Total Knee Replacement Under Spinal Anesthesia.	Oh, T. K. Park, H. Y. Shin, H. J. Jeon, Y. T. Do, S. H. Hwang, J. W.	J Arthroplasty	2018	analgesics anesthesia arthroplasty delirium hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors
Observational Study Examining the Association of Baseline Frailty and Postcardiac Surgery Delirium and Cognitive Change.	Nomura, Y. Nakano, M. Bush, B. Tian, J. Yamaguchi, A. Walston, J. Hasan, R. Zehr, K. Mandal, K. LaFlam, A. Neufeld, K. J. Kamath, V. Hogue, C. W. Brown, C. H. th	Anesth Analg	2018
CAM-ICU may not be the optimal screening tool for early delirium screening in older emergency department patients: a prospective cohort study.	Lucke, J. A. De Gelder, J. Blomaard, L. C. Fogteloo, A. J. Alsma, J. Schuit, S. C. E. Brink, A. De Groot, B. Blauw, G. J. Mooijaart, S. P.	Eur J Emerg Med	2018
Relation of postoperative serum S100A12 levels to delirium and cognitive dysfunction occurring after hip fracture surgery in elderly patients.	Li, Q. H. Yu, L. Yu, Z. W. Fan, X. L. Yao, W. X. Ji, C. Deng, F. Luo, X. Z. Sun, J. L.	Brain Behav	2018	S100a12 cognitive dysfunction delirium elderly hip fracture postoperative
A scoping review to map empirical evidence regarding key domains and questions in the clinical pathway of delirium in palliative care.	Lawlor, P. G. Rutkowski, N. A. MacDonald, A. R. Ansari, M. T. Sikora, L. Momoli, F. Kanji, S. Wright, D. K. Rosenberg, E. Hosie, A. Pereira, J. L. Meagher, D. Rice, J. Scott, J. Bush, S. H.	J Pain Symptom Manage	2018	analytic framework assessment delirium management palliative care prognosis
Arousal changes and delirium in acute medically-ill male older patients with and without dementia: a prospective study during hospitalization.	Lagarto, L. Albuquerque, E. Loureiro, D. Vieira, F. Esteves, P. Neves, S. Teixeira-Verissimo, M. Cerejeira, J.	Aging Ment Health	2018	Arousal delirium dementia
Incidence and Prevalence of Delirium Subtypes in an Adult ICU: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.	Krewulak, K. D. Stelfox, H. T. Leigh, J. P. Ely, E. W. Fiest, K. M.	Crit Care Med	2018
Association between death and loss of stage N2 sleep features among critically Ill patients with delirium.	Knauert, M. P. Gilmore, E. J. Murphy, T. E. Yaggi, H. K. Van Ness, P. H. Han, L. Hirsch, L. J. Pisani, M. A.	J Crit Care	2018	Critical illness Delirium Electroencephalography Encephalopathy Polysomnography Sleep
Preventing Postoperative Delirium After Major Noncardiac Thoracic Surgery-A Randomized Clinical Trial.	Khan, B. A. Perkins, A. J. Campbell, N. L. Gao, S. Khan, S. H. Wang, S. Fuchita, M. Weber, D. J. Zarzaur, B. L. Boustani, M. A. Kesler, K.	J Am Geriatr Soc	2018	Icu cognition delirium esophagectomy haloperidol
Effect of nonpharmacological interventions for the prevention of delirium in the intensive care unit: A systematic review and meta-analysis.	Kang, J. Lee, M. Ko, H. Kim, S. Yun, S. Jeong, Y. Cho, Y.	J Crit Care	2018	Delirium Intensive care unit Meta-analysis Nonpharmacological Prevention
Assessment of Instruments for Measurement of Delirium Severity: A Systematic Review.	Jones, R. N. Cizginer, S. Pavlech, L. Albuquerque, A. Daiello, L. A. Dharmarajan, K. Gleason, L. J. Helfand, B. Massimo, L. Oh, E. Okereke, O. I. Tabloski, P. Rabin, L. A. Yue, J. Marcantonio, E. R. Fong, T. G. Hshieh, T. T. Metzger, E. D. Erickson, K. Sc	JAMA Intern Med	2018
Nurses' Recognition of Hospitalized Older Patients With Delirium and Cognitive Impairment Using the Delirium Observation Screening Scale: A Prospective Comparison Study.	Hasemann, W. Tolson, D. Godwin, J. Spirig, R. Frei, I. A. Kressig, R. W.	J Gerontol Nurs	2018
Neurofilament Light in Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid of Hip Fracture Patients with Delirium.	Halaas, N. B. Blennow, K. Idland, A. V. Wyller, T. B. Raeder, J. Frihagen, F. Staff, A. C. Zetterberg, H. Watne, L. O.	Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord	2018	Blood and cerebrospinal fluid biomarker Delirium Dementia Neuroaxonal injury
Delirium Subtypes and Associated Characteristics in Older Patients With Exacerbation of Chronic Conditions.	Gual, N. Inzitari, M. Carrizo, G. Calle, A. Udina, C. Yuste, A. Morandi, A.	Am J Geriatr Psychiatry	2018	Delirium motor subtypes functional trajectory hyperactive delirium hypoactive delirium mortality
Antimicrobial exposure and the risk of delirium in critically ill patients.	Grahl, J. J. Stollings, J. L. Rakhit, S. Person, A. K. Wang, L. Thompson, J. L. Pandharipande, P. P. Ely, E. W. Patel, M. B.	Crit Care	2018	Antibiotics Critical care Delirium Encephalopathy *Neurotoxicity
Haloperidol and Ziprasidone for Treatment of Delirium in Critical Illness.	Girard, T. D. Exline, M. C. Carson, S. S. Hough, C. L. Rock, P. Gong, M. N. Douglas, I. S. Malhotra, A. Owens, R. L. Feinstein, D. J. Khan, B. Pisani, M. A. Hyzy, R. C. Schmidt, G. A. Schweickert, W. D. Hite, R. D. Bowton, D. L. Masica, A. L. Thompson, J.	N Engl J Med	2018
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Examining the Impact of Sleep Disturbance on Postoperative Delirium.	Fadayomi, A. B. Ibala, R. Bilotta, F. Westover, M. B. Akeju, O.	Crit Care Med	2018
Pharmacologic Treatment of Intensive Care Unit Delirium and the Impact on Duration of Delirium, Length of Intensive Care Unit Stay, Length of Hospitalization, and 28-Day Mortality.	Daniels, L. M. Nelson, S. B. Frank, R. D. Park, J. G.	Mayo Clin Proc	2018
Incidence and clinical significance of postoperative delirium after brain tumor surgery.	Budenas, A. Tamasauskas, S. Sliauzys, A. Navickaite, I. Sidaraite, M. Pranckeviciene, A. Deltuva, V. P. Tamasauskas, A. Bunevicius, A.	Acta Neurochir (Wien)	2018	Brain tumor Neurosurgery Postoperative delirium Short-term outcomes
Role of perceived stress in postoperative delirium: an investigation among elderly patients.	Banjongrewadee, M. Wongpakaran, N. Wongpakaran, T. Pipanmekaporn, T. Punjasawadwong, Y. Mueankwan, S.	Aging Ment Health	2018	Perceived stress delirium elderly surgery
Predictors and Sequelae of Postoperative Delirium in Geriatric Hip Fracture Patients.	Arshi, A. Lai, W. C. Chen, J. B. Bukata, S. V. Stavrakis, A. I. Zeegen, E. N.	Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil	2018	delirium fragility fractures geriatric trauma systems of care trauma surgery conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
Operative and anaesthetic factors influencing on delirium in the intensive care unit: An Analysis of electronic health records.	An, Y. S. Jin, Y. Jin, T. Hur, E. Y. Lee, S. M.	J Clin Nurs	2018	delirium electronic health records intensive care unit risk factor
Effect of anticholinergic burden on treatment modification, delirium and mortality in newly diagnosed dementia patients starting a cholinesterase inhibitor: a population-based study.	Ah, Y. M. Suh, Y. Jun, K. Hwang, S. Lee, J. Y.	Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol	2018	Alzheimer’s disease anticholinergics cholinesterase inhibitors delirium mortalitya
Postoperative Delirium in Individuals Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.	Abawi, M. Pagnesi, M. Agostoni, P. Chiarito, M. van Jaarsveld, R. C. van Dongen, C. S. Slooter, A. J. C. Colombo, A. Kooistra, N. H. M. Doevendans, Pafm Latib, A. Stella, P. R.	J Am Geriatr Soc	2018	Tavr cognition delirium transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Effect of goal-directed fluid therapy on early cognitive function in elderly patients with spinal stenosis: A Case-Control Study.	Zhang, N. Liang, M. Zhang, D. D. Xiao, Y. R. Li, Y. Z. Gao, Y. G. Cai, H. D. Lin, X. Z. Lin, C. Z. Zeng, K. Wu, X. D.	Int J Surg	2018	Elderly patients Goal-directed fluid therapy Postoperative cognitive dysfunction Spinal stenosis
Rehospitalization following a stay in geriatric rehabilitation wards: rates and predictive factors.	Tardivel, M. Muller, F. Tortrat, D. Lechowski, L. Teillet, L.	Geriatr Psychol Neuropsychiatr Vieil	2018	geriatric post-acute and rehabilitation care wards predictive factors rehospitalization
Elimination of Routine Benzodiazepine Administration for Nonprocedural Sedation in a Trauma Intensive Care Unit Is Feasible.	McGinn, K. Davis, S. N. Terrry, E. Simmons, J. Brevard, S.	Am Surg	2018	Adult Benzodiazepines/therapeutic use Critical Care Delirium/etiology/prevention & control Feasibility Studies Female Humans Hypnotics and Sedatives/therapeutic use Injury Severity Score Male Psychomotor Agitation/etiology/prevention & control Retrospective Studies Trauma Centers Wounds and Injuries/psychology/therapy
Can Chaotic Analysis of Electroencephalogram Aid the Diagnosis of Encephalopathy?	Jacob, J. E. Cherian, A. Gopakumar, K. Iype, T. Yohannan, D. G. Divya, K. P.	Neurology Research International	2018	adult article brain function case control study clinical article clinical feature clinical indicator controlled study diagnostic accuracy electroencephalogram electroencephalography female human male metabolic encephalopathy randomized controlled trial retrospective study support vector machine
Hospital outcomes of older people with cognitive impairment: An integrative review.	Fogg, C. Griffiths, P. Meredith, P. Bridges, J.	Int J Geriatr Psychiatry	2018	cognitive dysfunction dementia integrative review older people outcomes patient admission
Physostigmine is superior to non-antidote therapy in the management of antimuscarinic delirium: a prospective study from a regional poison center.	Boley, S. P. Olives, T. D. Bangh, S. A. Fahrner, S. Cole, J. B.	Clin Toxicol	2018	Physostigmine anticholinergic toxidrome antimuscarinic delirium poison center
Cholinesterase inhibitors for the treatment of delirium in non-ICU settings.	Yu, A. Wu, S. Zhang, Z. Dening, T. Zhao, S. Pinner, G. Xia, J. Yang, D.	Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews	2018
Perioperative dexmedetomidine reduces delirium after cardiac surgery: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials	Wu, M. Liang, Y. Dai, Z. Wang, S.	J Clin Anesth	2018	Cardiac surgery Delirium Dexmedetomidine Meta-analysis
Diabetes and Glucose Dysregulation and Transition to Delirium in ICU Patients.	van Keulen, K. Knol, W. Belitser, S. V. van der Linden, P. D. Heerdink, E. R. Egberts, T. C. G. Slooter, A. J. C.	Crit Care Med	2018
Factors associated with delirium in critical patients in a health institution in Bucaramanga, Colombia.	Torres-Contreras, C. C. Paez-Esteban, A. N. Hinestrosa-Diaz Del Castillo, A. Rincon-Romero, M. K. Amaris-Vega, A. Martinez-Patino, J. P.	Enferm Intensiva	2018	Delirium Incidence Incidencia Intensive Care Unit Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos
The effect of preoperative cognitive impairment and type of vascular surgery procedure on postoperative delirium with associated cost implications.	Styra, R. Larsen, E. Dimas, M. A. Baston, D. Elgie-Watson, J. Flockhart, L. Lindsay, T. F.	J Vasc Surg	2018	Cognition Delirium MoCA Preoperative Vascular surgery
Rate and risk factors for a hyperactivity delirium in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage.	Sauvigny, T. Mohme, M. Grensemann, J. Duhrsen, L. Regelsberger, J. Kluge, S. Schmidt, N. O. Westphal, M. Czorlich, P.	Neurosurg Rev	2018	Delirium Hydrocephalus Microsurgical clipping Neurocritical care Rass Subarachnoid haemorrhage
Delirium in Postoperative Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit.	Romanauski, T. R. Martin, E. E. Sprung, J. Martin, D. P. Schroeder, D. R. Weingarten, T. N.	Am Surg	2018	Adult Aged Delirium/epidemiology Female Humans Intensive Care Units International Classification of Diseases Length of Stay Male Middle Aged Postoperative Complications/epidemiology Retrospective Studies Risk Factors Surgical Procedures, Operative/adverse effects/statistics & numerical data
Degree of implementation of preventive strategies for post-ICU syndrome: Multi-centre, observational study in Spain.	Raurell-Torreda, M. Arias-Rivera, S. Marti, J. D. Frade-Mera, M. J. Zaragoza-Garcia, I. Gallart, E. Velasco-Sanz, T. R. San Jose-Arribas, A. Blazquez-Martinez, E.	Enferm Intensiva	2018	Critical illness Early mobility Enfermedad critica Enfermeria Intensive Care Units Movilizacion precoz Nursing Physical therapy Rehabilitacion Rehabilitation Terapia fisica Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos
Surgical delay is a risk factor of delirium in hip fracture patients with mild-moderate cognitive impairment.	Pioli, G. Bendini, C. Giusti, A. Pignedoli, P. Cappa, M. Iotti, E. Ferri, M. A. Bergonzini, E. Sabetta, E.	Aging Clin Exp Res	2018	Delirium Dementia Hip fracture Orthogeriatric Osteoporosis
Predictors of Delirium Development in Older Medical Inpatients: Readily Identifiable Factors at Admission.	O’Regan, Niamh A. Fitzgerald, James Adamis, Dimitrios Molloy, David William Meagher, David Timmons, Suzanne Montero-Odasso, Manuel	Journal of Alzheimer's Disease	2018
Processed Electroencephalogram Monitoring and Postoperative Delirium: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.	MacKenzie, K. K. Britt-Spells, A. M. Sands, L. P. Leung, J. M.	Anesthesiology	2018
The influence of oxygen delivery during cardiopulmonary bypass on the incidence of delirium in CABG patients; a retrospective study	Leenders, J. Overdevest, E. van Straten, B. Golab, H.	Perfusion	2018	Cabg cardiopulmonary bypass delirium oxygen delivery
Safety of brotizolam in hospitalized patients.	Lavon, O. Bejel, S.	European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology	2018	benzodiazepine derivative brotizolam aged article artificial ventilation cohort analysis comorbidity controlled study delirium drug safety falling female hospital patient human insomnia internal medicine major clinical study male multivariate logistic regression analysis outcome assessment prescription priority journal respiratory tract disease retrospective study risk benefit analysis risk factor side effect
Early delirium after cardiac surgery: An analysis of incidence and risk factors in elderly (≥65 years) and very elderly (≥80 years) patients.	Kotfis, K. Szylińska, A. Listewnik, M. Strzelbicka, M. Brykczyński, M. Rotter, I. Żukowski, M.	Clinical Interventions in Aging	2018	creatinine age aged artery disease article atrial fibrillation clinical outcome cohort analysis controlled study creatinine blood level delirium diabetes mellitus female heart ejection fraction heart surgery hospitalization human incidence intensive care unit major clinical study male mortality rate pneumonia postoperative complication postoperative period prospective study retrospective study risk factor tertiary care center very elderly
ICU delirium - a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge in the intensive care unit.	Kotfis, K. Marra, A. Ely, E. W.	Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther	2018	Cam-icu Icu critical care delirium monitoring
Melatonin and sleep in preventing hospitalized delirium: A randomized clinical trial.	Jaiswal, S. J. McCarthy, T. J. Wineinger, N. E. Kang, D. Y. Song, J. Garcia, S. van Niekerk, C. J. Lu, C. Y. Loeks, M. Owens, R. L.	Am J Med	2018	Delirium Melatonin Sleep
Intraoperative ketamine administration to prevent delirium or postoperative cognitive dysfunction: A systematic review and meta-analysis.	Hovaguimian, F. Tschopp, C. Beck-Schimmer, B. Puhan, M.	Acta Anaesthesiol Scand	2018	cognitive dysfunction ketamine meta-analysis postoperative delirium
The use of clonidine in elderly patients with delirium; pharmacokinetics and hemodynamic responses.	Hov, K. R. Neerland, B. E. Andersen, A. M. Undseth, O. Wyller, V. B. MacLullich, A. M. J. Skovlund, E. Qvigstad, E. Wyller, T. B.	BMC Pharmacol Toxicol	2018	Clonidine Delirium Pharmacokinetic Rct
Delirium's Arousal Subtypes and Their Relationship with 6-Month Functional Status and Cognition.	Han, J. H. Hayhurst, C. J. Chandrasekhar, R. Hughes, C. G. Vasilevskis, E. E. Wilson, J. E. Schnelle, J. F. Dittus, R. S. Ely, E. W.	Psychosomatics	2018	aged arousal article cognitive defect cohort analysis controlled study daily life activity emergency ward female functional status hospital patient hospitalization human major clinical study male multiple linear regression analysis prospective study questionnaire Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale secondary analysis
Intraoperative electroencephalogram suppression at lower volatile anaesthetic concentrations predicts postoperative delirium occurring in the intensive care unit.	Fritz, B. A. Maybrier, H. R. Avidan, M. S.	British Journal of Anaesthesia	2018	NCT02032030 inhalation anesthetic agent adult aged article bispectral index cohort analysis controlled study elective surgery electroencephalogram electroencephalography monitoring electronic medical record female human incidence intensive care unit major clinical study male postoperative delirium prediction priority journal retrospective study risk factor sleep disordered breathing
Efficacy of perioperative dexmedetomidine on postoperative delirium: systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis of randomised controlled trials.	Duan, X. Coburn, M. Rossaint, R. Sanders, R. D. Waesberghe, J. V. Kowark, A.	British Journal of Anaesthesia	2018	adult article bradycardia Cochrane Library controlled study drug efficacy drug therapy female hospital mortality human hypotension incidence intensive care unit length of stay male Medline meta analysis postoperative delirium postoperative period randomized controlled trial (topic) registration risk assessment risk factor sedation sequential analysis surgery surgical patient systematic review dexmedetomidine
Long-term sequelae of acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by severe community-acquired pneumonia: Delirium-associated cognitive impairment and post-traumatic stress disorder.	Denke, C. Balzer, F. Menk, M. Szur, S. Brosinsky, G. Tafelski, S. Wernecke, K. D. Deja, M.	J Int Med Res	2018	Community-acquired pneumonia analgesia delirium health-related quality of life long-term outcome post-traumatic stress disorder
A Performing Arts Intervention Improves Cognitive Dysfunction in 50 Hospitalized Older Adults.	Danila, M. I. Melnick, J. A. Mudano, A. Flood, K. Booth, K. Kirklin, K. Saag, K. G.	Innov Aging	2018	Alternative and complementary medicine/care/therapy Delirium Quality of care
Nursing perspectives on the confusion assessment method: a qualitative focus group study.	Wong, E. K. Lee, J. Y. Surendran, A. S. Nair, K. Della Maestra, N. Migliarini, M. St Onge, J. A. Patterson, C. J.	Age Ageing	2018
Detection and management of hyperactive and hypoactive delirium in older patients during hospitalization: a retrospective cohort study evaluating daily practice.	van Velthuijsen, E. L. Zwakhalen, S. M. G. Mulder, W. J. Verhey, F. R. J. Kempen, Gijm	Int J Geriatr Psychiatry	2018	care as usual delirium management prevalence psychomotor subtypes
Glucose variability during delirium in diabetic and non-diabetic intensive care unit patients: A prospective cohort study.	van Keulen, K. Knol, W. Belitser, S. V. Zaal, I. J. van der Linden, P. D. Heerdink, E. R. Egberts, T. C. G. Slooter, A. J. C.	PLoS One	2018
Evaluating the use of dexmedetomidine for the reduction of delirium: An integrative review.	Pavone, K. J. Cacchione, P. Z. Polomano, R. C. Winner, L. Compton, P.	Heart Lung	2018	Delirium Dexmedetomidine Elderly Intensive care Mechanical ventilation Mortality
Delirium Monitoring in Neurocritically Ill Patients: A Systematic Review.	Patel, M. B. Bednarik, J. Lee, P. Shehabi, Y. Salluh, J. I. Slooter, A. J. Klein, K. E. Skrobik, Y. Morandi, A. Spronk, P. E. Naidech, A. M. Pun, B. T. Bozza, F. A. Marra, A. John, S. Pandharipande, P. P. Ely, E. W.	Crit Care Med	2018
Poststroke Delirium Clinical Motor Subtypes: The PRospective Observational POLIsh Study (PROPOLIS).	Pasinska, P. Kowalska, K. Klimiec, E. Wilk, A. Szyper-Maciejowska, A. Dziedzic, T. Klimkowicz-Mrowiec, A.	J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci	2018	Delirium Delirium subtype Risk Factors Stroke and Other Cerebral Vascular Disease (Neuropsychiatric Aspects)
A systematic review of neuroimaging in delirium: predictors, correlates and consequences.	Nitchingham A, Kumar V, Shenkin S, Ferguson KJ, Caplan GA	International journal of geriatric psychiatry	2017	delirium neuroimaging