What is the Delirium Bibliography? The searchable Delirium Bibliography page is one of our most popular features, allowing you to quickly gain access to the literature on delirium and acute care of older persons. It is primarily intended for clinicians and researchers interested in exploring these topics. The NIDUS team keeps it updated for you on a monthly basis!
How to Search for Articles: Search by author, title, year, and/or keywords. Each article is indexed by keywords taken from MEDLINE and other relevant databases. Click on the title of the article to read the abstract, journal, etc.
Reference Information
- Title
- Withdrawal versus continuation of long-term antipsychotic drug use for behavioural and psychological symptoms in older people with dementia.
- Authors
- Van Leeuwen, E. Petrovic, M. van Driel, M. L. De Sutter, A. I. M. Vander Stichele, R. Declercq, T. Christiaens, T.
- Year
- 2018
- Journal
- Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
- Abstract
Background: Antipsychotic agents are often used to treat neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in people with dementia although there is uncertainty about the effectiveness of their long-term use for this indication and concern that they may cause harm, including higher mortality. When behavioural strategies have failed and treatment with antipsychotic drugs is instituted, regular attempts to withdraw them have been recommended in guidelines. Physicians, nurses and families of older people with dementia may be reluctant to stop antipsychotics, fearing deterioration of NPS. This is an update of a Cochrane Review published in 2013. Objectives: To evaluate whether withdrawal of antipsychotic agents is successful in older people with dementia and NPS in primary care or nursing home settings, to list the different strategies for withdrawal of antipsychotic agents in older participants with dementia and NPS, and to measure the effects of withdrawal of antipsychotic agents on participants’ behaviour and assess safety. Search methods: We searched the Specialized Register of the Cochrane Dementia and Cognitive Improvement Group (ALOIS), theCochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, LILACS, clinical trials registries and grey literature sources up to 11 January 2018. Selection criteria: We included all randomised, controlled trials comparing an antipsychotic withdrawal strategy to continuation of antipsychotics in people with dementia who had been treated with an antipsychotic drug for at least three months. Data collection and analysis: We used standard methodological procedures according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. We rated the quality of evidence for each outcome using the GRADE approach. Main results: We included 10 studies involving 632 participants. One new trial (19 participants) was added for this update. One trial was conducted in a community setting, eight in nursing homes and one in both settings. Different types of antipsychotics at varying doses were discontinued in the studies. Both abrupt and gradual withdrawal schedules were used. Reported data were predominantly from studies at low or unclear risk of bias. We included nine trials with 575 randomised participants that used a proxy outcome for overall success of antipsychotic withdrawal. Pooling data was not possible due to heterogeneity of outcome measures used. Based on assessment of seven studies, discontinuation may make little or no difference to whether or not participants complete the study (low-quality evidence). Two trials included only participants with psychosis, agitation or aggression who had responded to antipsychotic treatment. In these two trials, stopping antipsychotics was associated with a higher risk of leaving the study early due to symptomatic relapse or a shorter time to symptomatic relapse. We found low-quality evidence that discontinuation may make little or no difference to overall NPS, measured using various scales (7 trials, 519 participants). There was some evidence from subgroup analyses in two trials that discontinuation may reduce agitation for participants with less severe NPS at baseline, but may be associated with a worsening of NPS in participants with more severe NPS at baseline. None of the studies assessed withdrawal symptoms. Adverse effects of antipsychotics (such as falls) were not systematically assessed. Low-quality evidence showed that discontinuation may have little or no effect on adverse events (5 trials, 381 participants), quality of life (2 trials, 119 participants), or cognitive function (5 trials, 365 participants). There were insufficient data to determine whether discontinuation of antipsychotics has any effect on mortality (very low-quality evidence). Authors’ conclusions: There is low-quality evidence that antipsychotics may be successfully discontinued in older people with dementia and NPS who have been taking antipsychotics for at least three months, and that discontinuation may have little or no important effect on behavioural and psychological symptoms. This i consistent with the observation that most behavioural complications of dementia are intermittent and often do not persist for longer than three months. Discontinuation may have little or no effect on overall cognitive function. Discontinuation may make no difference to adverse events and quality of life. Based on the trials in this review, we are uncertain whether discontinuation of antipsychotics leads to a decrease in mortality. People with psychosis, aggression or agitation who responded well to long-term antipsychotic drug use, or those with more severe NPS at baseline, may benefit behaviourally from continuation of antipsychotics. Discontinuation may reduce agitation for people with mild NPS at baseline. However, these conclusions are based on few studies or small subgroups and further evidence of benefits and harms associated with withdrawal of antipsychotic is required in people with dementia and mild and severe NPS. The overall conclusions of the review have not changed since 2013 and the number of available trials remains low.
- PMID
- Keywords
chlorpromazine
haloperidol
levomepromazine
lorazepam
loxapine
mesoridazine
neuroleptic agent
olanzapine
perphenazine
placebo
risperidone
thioridazine
tiotixene
trifluoperazine
aggression
agitation
akathisia
behavior disorder
blood pressure
body equilibrium
cardiovascular disease
cognition
confusion
dementia
drug fatality
drug megadose
drug response
drug safety
drug withdrawal
extrapyramidal symptom
falling
fracture
heart rate
human
insomnia
long term care
low drug dose
lung disease
mental disease
motor dysfunction
nausea
neurologic disease
nursing home
parkinsonism
physical mobility
primary medical care
priority journal
psychosis
quality of life
relapse
restlessness
review
sedation
side effect
systematic review
tardive dyskinesia
treatment outcome
vomiting
- Page(s)
- Volume
- Issue
- 3
| Title | Authors | Journal | Year | Keywords |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prospective observational study of delirium recovery trajectories and associated short-term outcomes in older adults admitted to a specialized delirium unit. | Lam CY, Tay L, Chan M, Ding YY, Chong MS | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 2014 | |
| Risk factors for delirium in older trauma patients admitted to the surgical intensive care unit. | Bryczkowski SB, Lopreiato MC, Yonclas PP, Sacca JJ, Mosenthal AC | The journal of trauma and acute care surgery | 2014 |
Age Factors, Aged, Brain Injuries, complications, Delirium, etiology, Female, Glasgow Coma Scale, Humans, Injury Severity Score, Intensive Care Units, statistics & numerical data, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Substance-Related Disorders, complications, Thoracic Injuries, complications, Wounds and Injuries, complications |
| A systematic review of risk factors for delirium in the ICU. | Zaal IJ, Devlin JW, Peelen LM, Slooter AJ | Critical care medicine | 2015 |
APACHE, Acidosis, complications, Adult, Age Factors, Coma, complications, Critical Illness, therapy, Delirium, etiology, Dementia, complications, Female, Humans, Hypertension, complications, Intensive Care, statistics & numerical data, Intensive Care Units, statistics & numerical data, Male, Respiration, Artificial, adverse effects, Risk Factors, Wounds and Injuries, complications |
| Delirium-biomarkers and genetic variance. | Stoicea N, McVicker S, Quinones A, Agbenyefia P, Bergese SD | Frontiers in pharmacology | 2014 | |
| Geriatric syndromes in individuals admitted to vascular and urology surgical units. | McRae PJ, Peel NM, Walker PJ, de Looze JW, Mudge AM | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 2014 |
Accidental Falls, statistics & numerical data, Aged, Cardiology, Cohort Studies, Delirium, epidemiology, Female, General Surgery, Hospital Units, Humans, Incidence, Male, Patient Admission, Pressure Ulcer, epidemiology, Retrospective Studies, Syndrome, Urology |
| Multidimensional frailty score for the prediction of postoperative mortality risk. | Kim SW, Han HS, Jung HW, Kim KI, Hwang DW, Kang SB, Kim CH | JAMA surgery | 2014 |
Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Body Composition, Comorbidity, Delirium, complications, Dementia, complications, Female, Frail Elderly, Geriatric Assessment, Humans, Length of Stay, statistics & numerical data, Male, Nutritional Status, Postoperative Complications, mortality, Predictive Value of Tests, Republic of Korea, epidemiology, Risk Factors, Skilled Nursing Facilities, utilization, Surgical Procedures, Elective, mortality |
| Pain assessment in hospitalized older adults with dementia and delirium. | Paulson CM, Monroe T, Mion LC | Journal of gerontological nursing | 2014 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Chronic Pain, diagnosis, Delirium, psychology, Dementia, psychology, Female, Geriatric Assessment, Hospitalization, Humans, Pain Measurement |
| Changes in gait variability with anti-dementia drugs: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | Beauchet O, Launay CP, Allali G, Annweiler C | CNS drugs | 2014 | |
| Precipitating factors of delirium: Stress response to multiple triggers among patients with and without dementia. | Hölttä EH, Laurila JV, Laakkonen ML, Strandberg TE, Tilvis RS, Pitkala KH | Experimental gerontology | 2014 | |
| Intraoperative dexamethasone and delirium after cardiac surgery: a randomized clinical trial. | Sauër AM, Slooter AJ, Veldhuijzen DS, van Eijk MM, Devlin JW, van Dijk D | Anesthesia and analgesia | 2014 | |
| Predisposing risk factors for delirium in living donor liver transplantation patients in intensive care units. | Wang SH, Wang JY, Lin PY, Lin KH, Ko CJ, Hsieh CE, Lin HC, Chen YL | PloS one | 2014 | |
| Statins and delirium during critical illness: a multicenter, prospective cohort study. | Morandi A, Hughes CG, Thompson JL, Pandharipande PP, Shintani AK, Vasilevskis EE, Han JH, Jackson JC, Laskowitz DT, Bernard GR, Ely EW, Girard TD | Critical care medicine | 2014 | |
| An early prediction of delirium in the acute phase after stroke. | Oldenbeuving AW, de Kort PL, van Eck van der Sluijs JF, Kappelle LJ, Roks G | Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry | 2014 |
Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cognition Disorders, complications, Delirium, complications, Female, Humans, Infection, complications, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Risk Factors, Sensitivity and Specificity, Severity of Illness Index, Stroke, complications |
| Clinical practice guidelines for delirium management: potential application in palliative care. | Bush SH, Bruera E, Lawlor PG, Kanji S, Davis DH, Agar M, Wright DK, Hartwick M, Currow DC, Gagnon B, Simon J, Pereira JL | Journal of pain and symptom management | 2014 | |
| Reduction of intensive care unit length of stay: the case of early mobilization. | Hunter A, Johnson L, Coustasse A | The health care manager | 2014 | |
| Analgesic, sedative, antipsychotic, and neuromuscular blocker use in Canadian intensive care units: a prospective, multicentre, observational study. | Burry LD, Williamson DR, Perreault MM, Rose L, Cook DJ, Ferguson ND, Lapinsky SC, Mehta S | Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthésie | 2014 | |
| Diagnostic and treatment practices of delirium in a general hospital. | Rooney S, Qadir M, Adamis D, McCarthy G | Aging clinical and experimental research | 2014 | |
| Preoperative plasma leptin levels predict delirium in elderly patients after hip fracture surgery. | Chen XW, Shi JW, Yang PS, Wu ZQ | Peptides | 2014 | |
| Incidence and risk factors of delirium in patients post pancreaticoduodenectomy. | Gallagher TK, McErlean S, O'Farrell A, Hoti E, Maguire D, Traynor OJ, Conlon KC, Geoghegan JG | HPB : the official journal of the International Hepato Pancreato Biliary Association | 2014 | |
| Validity and reliability of the Thai version of the confusion assessment method. | Charoensak S, Thunmanurukkit A, Sittironnarit G, Sartra T | Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet | 2014 |
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Algorithms, Confusion, diagnosis, Delirium, diagnosis, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Status Schedule, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Reproducibility of Results, Thailand |
| Comparison of restrictive and liberal transfusion strategy on postoperative delirium in aged patients following total hip replacement: a preliminary study. | Fan YX, Liu FF, Jia M, Yang JJ, Shen JC, Zhu GM, Zhu SH, Li WY, Yang JJ, Ji MH | Archives of gerontology and geriatrics | 2014 | |
| Acute confusional state/delirium: An etiological and prognostic evaluation. | Rai D, Garg RK, Malhotra HS, Verma R, Jain A, Tiwari SC, Singh MK | Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology | 2014 | |
| Neurologic aspects of palliative care: the end of life setting. | Sizoo EM, Grisold W, Taphoorn MJ | Handbook of clinical neurology | 2014 |
Advance Care Planning, Grief, Humans, Movement Disorders, physiopathology, Nervous System Diseases, physiopathology, Palliative Care, Resuscitation Orders, Terminal Care, psychology |
| Effectiveness of melatonin for sundown syndrome and delirium. | de Jonghe A, van Munster BC, de Rooij SE | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 2014 |
Alzheimer Disease, complications, Delirium, drug therapy, Humans, Male, Melatonin, administration & dosage |
| Identifying the Barriers and Enablers to Palliative Care Nurses' Recognition and Assessment of Delirium Symptoms: A Qualitative Study. | Hosie A, Lobb E, Agar M, Davidson PM, Phillips J | Journal of pain and symptom management | 2014 | |
| Delirium severity in the hospitalized patient: time to pay attention. | Eubank KJ, Covinsky KE | Annals of internal medicine | 2014 |
Delirium, diagnosis, Female, Humans, Male, Psychological Tests |
| Diagnostic yield of head computed tomography for the hospitalized medical patient with delirium. | Theisen-Toupal J, Breu AC, Mattison ML, Arnaout R | Journal of hospital medicine : an official publication of the Society of Hospital Medicine | 2014 | |
| The psychogeriatric patient in the emergency room: focus on management and disposition. | Tang S, Patel P, Khubchandani J, Grossberg GT | ISRN psychiatry | 2014 | |
| The effect of a pre- and postoperative orthogeriatric service on cognitive function in patients with hip fracture: randomized controlled trial (Oslo Orthogeriatric Trial). | Watne LO, Torbergsen AC, Conroy S, Engedal K, Frihagen F, Hjorthaug GA, Juliebo V, Raeder J, Saltvedt I, Skovlund E, Wyller TB | BMC medicine | 2014 | |
| Sedation and delirium in intensive care. | Govig B | The New England journal of medicine | 2014 |
Analgesics, therapeutic use, Delirium, drug therapy, Humans, Hypnotics and Sedatives, adverse effects, Pain, drug therapy, Postoperative Care, Postoperative Complications, drug therapy |
| Aspects and assessment of delirium in old age. First data from a German interdisciplinary emergency department. | Singler K, Thiem U, Christ M, Zenk P, Biber R, Sieber CC, Heppner HJ | Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie | 2014 | |
| Delirium: a synthesis of current knowledge. | van Munster BC, de Rooij SE | Clinical medicine (London, England) | 2014 |
Age Factors, Delirium, diagnosis, Humans, Risk Factors |
| Management of common postoperative complications: delirium. | Javedan H, Tulebaev S | Clinics in geriatric medicine | 2014 | |
| Prevention of delirium in trauma patients: are we giving thiamine prophylaxis a fair chance? | Blackmore C, Ouellet JF, Niven D, Kirkpatrick AW, Ball CG | Canadian journal of surgery. Journal canadien de chirurgie | 2014 |
Adult, Aged, Alcoholism, complications, Delirium, blood, Diagnostic Tests, Routine, Ethanol, blood, Female, Humans, Injury Severity Score, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Thiamine, therapeutic use, Vitamin B Complex, therapeutic use, Wernicke Encephalopathy, blood, Wounds and Injuries, blood |
| Delirium prevention program in the surgical intensive care unit improved the outcomes of older adults. | Bryczkowski SB, Lopreiato MC, Yonclas PP, Sacca JJ, Mosenthal AC | The Journal of surgical research | 2014 |
Aged, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Delirium, prevention & control, Female, Humans, Intensive Care, Intensive Care Units, Length of Stay, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies |
| Validation of the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit in older emergency department patients. | Han JH, Wilson A, Graves AJ, Shintani A, Schnelle JF, Dittus RS, Powers JS, Vernon J, Storrow AB, Ely EW | Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine | 2014 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Confusion, diagnosis, Delirium, diagnosis, Emergency Service, Hospital, Female, Humans, Intensive Care Units, Likelihood Functions, Logistic Models, Male, Observer Variation, Prospective Studies, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Reproducibility of Results, Sensitivity and Specificity |
| Public health model identifies recruitment barriers among older adults with delirium and dementia. | Bull MJ, Boaz L, Sjostedt JM | Public health nursing (Boston, Mass.) | 2014 |
Aged, Caregivers, Delirium, nursing, Dementia, nursing, Humans, Models, Nursing, Nurse-Patient Relations, Patient Selection, Pilot Projects, Professional-Family Relations, Public Health Nursing |
| Risk factors for incident delirium among older people in acute hospital medical units: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | Ahmed S, Leurent B, Sampson EL | Age and ageing | 2014 |
Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Comorbidity, Confidence Intervals, Delirium, epidemiology, Dementia, complications, Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions, complications, Female, Geriatric Assessment, Hospitalization, statistics & numerical data, Humans, Incidence, Infection, complications, Male, Malnutrition, complications, Odds Ratio, Risk Factors, Sensation Disorders, complications, Severity of Illness Index, Water-Electrolyte Imbalance, complications |
| An educational intervention to improve internal medicine interns' awareness of hazards of hospitalization in acutely ill older adults. | Wilkerson LM, Iwata I, Wilkerson MD, Heflin MT | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 2014 |
Acute Disease, therapy, Aged, Awareness, Clinical Competence, Curriculum, Education, Medical, Continuing, methods, Female, Geriatrics, education, Hospitalization, Humans, Internal Medicine, education, Internship and Residency, methods, Male, North Carolina, Questionnaires |
| Pharmacologic prevention of postoperative delirium. | Gosch M, Nicholas JA | Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie | 2014 | |
| Core symptoms not meeting criteria for delirium are associated with cognitive and functional impairment and mood and behavior problems in older long-term care residents. | Cole MG, McCusker J, Voyer P, Monette J, Champoux N, Ciampi A, Belzile E, Vu M | International psychogeriatrics / IPA | 2014 | |
| Screening, detection and management of delirium in the emergency department - a pilot study on the feasibility of a new algorithm for use in older emergency department patients: the modified Confusion Assessment Method for the Emergency Department (mCAM-E | Grossmann FF, Hasemann W, Graber A, Bingisser R, Kressig RW, Nickel CH | Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine | 2014 |
Age Distribution, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Algorithms, Cross-Sectional Studies, Delirium, diagnosis, Disease Management, Emergency Service, Hospital, statistics & numerical data, Feasibility Studies, Female, Geriatric Assessment, methods, Humans, Incidence, Male, Pilot Projects, Prevalence, Prospective Studies, Reproducibility of Results, Switzerland, epidemiology |
| Pharmacological treatments of non-substance-withdrawal delirium: a systematic review of prospective trials. | Friedman JI, Soleimani L, McGonigle DP, Egol C, Silverstein JH | The American journal of psychiatry | 2014 |
Analgesics, adverse effects, Anesthetics, Local, adverse effects, Antipsychotic Agents, adverse effects, Clinical Trials as Topic, Delirium, drug therapy, Humans, Hypnotics and Sedatives, adverse effects |
| The Model of Care Partner Engagement: use in delirium management. | Hill NL, Yevchak A, Gilmore-Bykovskyi A, Kolanowski AM | Geriatric nursing (New York, N.Y.) | 2014 | |
| Type of anesthesia and postoperative delirium after vascular surgery. | Ellard L, Katznelson R, Wasowicz M, Ashworth A, Carroll J, Lindsay T, Djaiani G | Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia | 2014 | |
| The Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale modified for palliative care inpatients (RASS-PAL): a pilot study exploring validity and feasibility in clinical practice. | Bush SH, Grassau PA, Yarmo MN, Zhang T, Zinkie SJ, Pereira JL | BMC palliative care | 2014 | |
| Diagnoses, problems and healthcare interventions amongst older people with an unscheduled hospital admission who have concurrent mental health problems: a prevalence study. | Glover A, Bradshaw LE, Watson N, Laithwaite E, Goldberg SE, Whittamore KH, Harwood RH, | BMC geriatrics | 2014 | |
| Palliative care nurses' recognition and assessment of patients with delirium symptoms: A qualitative study using critical incident technique. | Hosie A, Agar M, Lobb E, Davidson PM, Phillips J | International journal of nursing studies | 2014 | |
| EEG in delirium: Increased spectral variability and decreased complexity. | van der Kooi AW, Slooter AJ, van Het Klooster MA, Leijten FS | Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology | 2014 | |
| Improving patient care through the prism of psychology: application of Maslow's hierarchy to sedation, delirium, and early mobility in the intensive care unit. | Jackson JC, Santoro MJ, Ely TM, Boehm L, Kiehl AL, Anderson LS, Ely EW | Journal of critical care | 2014 | |
| A practical approach to neurologic evaluation in the intensive care unit. | Singhal NS, Josephson SA | Journal of critical care | 2014 | |
| Nurses' Knowledge and Practices in Cases of Acute and Chronic Confusion: A Questionnaire Survey. | Sampaio FM, Sequeira C | Perspectives in psychiatric care | 2014 | |
| Hospital-acquired delirium in older adults. | Stall N, Wong CL | CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne | 2014 |
Aged, Delirium, diagnosis, Hospitalization, Humans, Iatrogenic Disease, prevention & control |
| Nurse/family caregiver intervention for delirium increases delirium knowledge and improves attitudes toward partnership. | Rosenbloom DA, Fick DM | Geriatric nursing (New York, N.Y.) | 2014 | |
| Performance and agreement of risk stratification instruments for postoperative delirium in persons aged 50 years or older. | Jansen CJ, Absalom AR, de Bock GH, van Leeuwen BL, Izaks GJ | PloS one | 2014 | |
| Impaired arousal at initial presentation predicts 6-month mortality: an analysis of 1084 acutely ill older patients. | Han JH, Vasilevskis EE, Shintani A, Graves AJ, Schnelle JF, Dittus RS, Powers JS, Wilson A, Storrow AB, Ely EW | Journal of hospital medicine : an official publication of the Society of Hospital Medicine | 2014 | |
| Early mortality after hip fracture: what matters? | Dubljanin Raspopovic E, Markovic Denic L, Marinkovic J, Radinovic K, Ilić N, Tomanović Vujadinović S, Kadija M | Psychogeriatrics : the official journal of the Japanese Psychogeriatric Society | 2014 | |
| Poor functional recovery after delirium is associated with other geriatric syndromes and additional illnesses. | Dasgupta M, Brymer C | International psychogeriatrics / IPA | 2015 | |
| Emergence from general anaesthesia and evolution of delirium signs in the post-anaesthesia care unit. | Card E, Pandharipande P, Tomes C, Lee C, Wood J, Nelson D, Graves A, Shintani A, Ely EW, Hughes C | British journal of anaesthesia | 2015 |
Adult, Aged, Anesthesia Recovery Period, Anesthesia, General, Delirium, epidemiology, Female, Humans, Intensive Care, Intensive Care Units, Length of Stay, statistics & numerical data, Male, Middle Aged, New Orleans, epidemiology, Postoperative Complications, epidemiology, Prospective Studies, Psychomotor Agitation, epidemiology, Risk Factors |
| Testing a family-centered intervention to promote functional and cognitive recovery in hospitalized older adults. | Boltz M, Resnick B, Chippendale T, Galvin J | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 2014 | |
| Comprehensive geriatric assessment predicts mortality and adverse outcomes in hospitalized older adults. | Avelino-Silva TJ, Farfel JM, Curiati JA, Amaral JR, Campora F, Jacob-Filho W | BMC geriatrics | 2014 | |
| Defining 'recovery' for delirium research: a systematic review. | Adamis D, Devaney A, Shanahan E, McCarthy G, Meagher D | Age and ageing | 2015 | |
| American geriatrics society abstracted clinical practice guideline for postoperative delirium in older adults. | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 2015 | ||
| Incidence, impact, and risk factors of adverse events in thoracic and lumbar spine fractures: an ambispective cohort analysis of 390 patients. | Glennie RA, Ailon T, Yang K, Batke J, Fisher CG, Dvorak MF, Vaccaro AR, Fehlings MG, Arnold P, Harrop JS, Street JT | The spine journal : official journal of the North American Spine Society | 2015 | |
| The attributable mortality of delirium in critically ill patients: prospective cohort study. | Klein Klouwenberg PM, Zaal IJ, Spitoni C, Ong DS, van der Kooi AW, Bonten MJ, Slooter AJ, Cremer OL | BMJ (Clinical research ed.) | 2014 | |
| Do fluctuations in endogenous melatonin levels predict the occurrence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD)? | Wu Y, Wang J, Wu A, Yue Y | The International journal of neuroscience | 2014 | |
| Predictors of mortality for people aged over 65 years receiving mental health care for delirium in a South London Mental Health Trust, UK: a retrospective survival analysis. | Ward G, Perera G, Stewart R | International journal of geriatric psychiatry | 2015 | |
| Using the Chinese version of Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale to describe postoperative delirium after hip surgery. | Shi Z, Wu Y, Li C, Fu S, Li G, Zhu Y, Swain CA, Marcantonio ER, Xie Z, Shen Y | Frontiers in aging neuroscience | 2014 | |
| Cost-benefit analysis of a delirium prevention strategy in the intensive care unit. | Lee E, Kim J | Nursing in critical care | 2014 | |
| Towards an understanding of why undergraduate teaching about delirium does not guarantee gold-standard practice-results from a UK national survey. | Fisher JM, Gordon AL, MacLullich AM, Tullo E, Davis DH, Blundell A, Field RH, Teodorczuk A | Age and ageing | 2014 | |
| The association between acute respiratory distress syndrome, delirium, and in-hospital mortality in intensive care unit patients. | Hsieh SJ, Soto GJ, Hope AA, Ponea A, Gong MN | American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine | 2015 | |
| Optimal screening for increased risk for adverse outcomes in hospitalised older adults. | Heim N, van Fenema EM, Weverling-Rijnsburger AW, Tuijl JP, Jue P, Oleksik AM, Verschuur MM, Haverkamp JS, Blauw GJ, van der Mast RC, Westendorp RG | Age and ageing | 2014 | |
| Reliability and validity assessment of the Japanese version of the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU). | Koga Y, Tsuruta R, Murata H, Matsuo K, Ito T, Ely EW, Shintani A, Wakamatsu H, Sanui M, Yamase H | Intensive & critical care nursing : the official journal of the British Association of Critical Care Nurses | 2014 | |
| A family approach to delirium: a review of the literature. | Halloway S | Aging & mental health | 2014 |
Delirium, diagnosis, Family, psychology, Humans |
| Benzodiazepine and Sedative-Hypnotic Use Among Older Seriously Ill Veterans: Choosing Wisely? | Garrido MM, Prigerson HG, Penrod JD, Jones SC, Boockvar KS | Clinical therapeutics | 2014 | |
| Quantitative proteomics of delirium cerebrospinal fluid. | Poljak A, Hill M, Hall RJ, MacLullich AM, Raftery MJ, Tai J, Yan S, Caplan GA | Translational psychiatry | 2014 | |
| Validation of a consensus method for identifying delirium from hospital records. | Kuhn E, Du X, McGrath K, Coveney S, O'Regan N, Richardson S, Teodorczuk A, Allan L, Wilson D, Inouye SK, MacLullich AM, Meagher D, Brayne C, Timmons S, Davis D | PloS one | 2014 | |
| Impact of polypharmacy on occurrence of delirium in elderly emergency patients. | Hein C, Forgues A, Piau A, Sommet A, Nourhashémi F, Vellas B | Journal of the American Medical Directors Association | 2014 | |
| Neopterin: a potential biomarker for delirium in elderly patients. | Egberts A, Wijnbeld EH, Fekkes D, van der Ploeg MA, Ziere G, Hooijkaas H, van der Cammen TJ, Mattace-Raso FU | Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders | 2015 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Biomarkers, blood, Delirium, blood, Female, Humans, Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1, blood, Interleukin-6, blood, Male, Neopterin, blood, Oxidative Stress, physiology |
| Neurocognitive changes after lung transplantation. | Smith PJ, Rivelli S, Waters A, Reynolds J, Hoyle A, Flowers M, Davis RD, Palmer SM, Mathew J, Durheim M, Blumenthal JA | Annals of the American Thoracic Society | 2014 | |
| A Review of Multifaceted Care Approaches for the Prevention and Mitigation of Delirium in Intensive Care Units. | Collinsworth AW, Priest EL, Campbell CR, Vasilevskis EE, Masica AL | Journal of intensive care medicine | 2016 | |
| The temporal relationship between early postoperative delirium and postoperative cognitive dysfunction in older patients: a prospective cohort study. | Youngblom E, DePalma G, Sands L, Leung J | Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthésie | 2014 | |
| The prevalence and clinical manifestations of delirium in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review with inferences. | Paddick SM, Kalaria RN, Mukaetova-Ladinska EB | Journal of the neurological sciences | 2015 | |
| Preventing delirium: should non-pharmacological, multicomponent interventions be used? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature. | Martinez F, Tobar C, Hill N | Age and ageing | 2015 | |
| Frequency of delirium and subsyndromal delirium in an adult acute hospital population. | Meagher D, O'Regan N, Ryan D, Connolly W, Boland E, O'Caoimhe R, Clare J, Mcfarland J, Tighe S, Leonard M, Adamis D, Trzepacz PT, Timmons S | The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science | 2014 | |
| Remote ischemic preconditioning prevents deterioration of short-term postoperative cognitive function after cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass: results of a pilot investigation. | Hudetz JA, Patterson KM, Iqbal Z, Gandhi SD, Pagel PS | Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia | 2015 | |
| A delirium risk modification program is associated with hospital outcomes. | Rudolph JL, Archambault E, Kelly B, | Journal of the American Medical Directors Association | 2014 | |
| Factors associated with short-term functional recovery in elderly people with a hip fracture. Influence of cognitive impairment. | Uriz-Otano F, Uriz-Otano JI, Malafarina V | Journal of the American Medical Directors Association | 2015 | |
| MMSE items that predict incident delirium and hypoactive subtype in older medical inpatients. | Gabriel Franco J, Santesteban O, Trzepacz P, Bernal C, Valencia C, Ocampo MV, Pablo Jd, Gaviria AM, Vilella E | Psychiatry research | 2014 | |
| Interrelationship of postoperative delirium and cognitive impairment and their impact on the functional status in older patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery: a prospective cohort study. | Liang CK, Chu CL, Chou MY, Lin YT, Lu T, Hsu CJ, Chen LK | PloS one | 2014 | |
| Delirium affects length of hospital stay after lung transplantation. | Smith PJ, Rivelli SK, Waters AM, Hoyle A, Durheim MT, Reynolds JM, Flowers M, Davis RD, Palmer SM, Mathew JP, Blumenthal JA | Journal of critical care | 2015 | |
| Postoperative delirium following transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a historical cohort study. | Tse L, Bowering JB, Schwarz SK, Moore RL, Burns KD, Barr AM | Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthésie | 2015 | |
| Classification of daily mental status in critically ill patients for research purposes. | Zaal IJ, Tekatli H, van der Kooi AW, Klijn FA, Koek HL, van Dijk D, Slooter AJ | Journal of critical care | 2015 | |
| ECHO-AGE: An Innovative Model of Geriatric Care for Long-Term Care Residents With Dementia and Behavioral Issues. | Catic AG, Mattison ML, Bakaev I, Morgan M, Monti SM, Lipsitz L | Journal of the American Medical Directors Association | 2014 | |
| Pre-Operative, High-IL-6 Blood Level is a Risk Factor of Post-Operative Delirium Onset in Old Patients. | Capri M, Yani SL, Chattat R, Fortuna D, Bucci L, Lanzarini C, Morsiani C, Catena F, Ansaloni L, Adversi M, Melotti MR, Di Nino G, Franceschi C | Frontiers in endocrinology | 2014 | |
| 3D-CAM: Derivation and Validation of a 3-Minute Diagnostic Interview for CAM-Defined Delirium: A Cross-sectional Diagnostic Test Study. | Marcantonio ER, Ngo LH, O'Connor M, Jones RN, Crane PK, Metzger ED, Inouye SK | Annals of internal medicine | 2014 | |
| Validity and reliability of the Thai version of the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU). | Pipanmekaporn T, Wongpakaran N, Mueankwan S, Dendumrongkul P, Chittawatanarat K, Khongpheng N, Duangsoy N | Clinical interventions in aging | 2014 | |
| Severity of cognitive impairment as a prognostic factor for mortality and functional recovery of geriatric patients with hip fracture. | Tarazona-Santabalbina FJ, Belenguer-Varea A, Rovira Daudi E, Salcedo Mahiques E, Cuesta Peredó D, Doménech-Pascual JR, Gac Espínola H, Avellana Zaragoza JA | Geriatrics & gerontology international | 2014 | |
| Clinical Monitoring Scales in Acute Brain Injury: Assessment of Coma, Pain, Agitation, and Delirium. | Riker RR, Fugate JE, | Neurocritical care | 2014 | |
| Neurological complications of surgery and anaesthesia. | Mashour GA, Woodrum DT, Avidan MS | British journal of anaesthesia | 2014 |