What is the Delirium Bibliography? The searchable Delirium Bibliography page is one of our most popular features, allowing you to quickly gain access to the literature on delirium and acute care of older persons. It is primarily intended for clinicians and researchers interested in exploring these topics. The NIDUS team keeps it updated for you on a monthly basis!
How to Search for Articles: Search by author, title, year, and/or keywords. Each article is indexed by keywords taken from MEDLINE and other relevant databases. Click on the title of the article to read the abstract, journal, etc.
Reference Information
- Title
- Delirium risk stratification in consecutive unselected admissions to acute medicine: validation of externally derived risk scores.
- Authors
- Pendlebury ST, Lovett N, Smith SC, Cornish E, Mehta Z, Rothwell PM
- Year
- 2016
- Journal
- Age and ageing
- Abstract
reliable delirium risk stratification will aid recognition, anticipation and prevention and will facilitate targeting of resources in clinical practice as well as identification of at-risk patients for research. Delirium risk scores have been derived for acute medicine, but none has been prospectively validated in external cohorts. We therefore aimed to determine the reliability of externally derived risk scores in a consecutive cohort of older acute medicine patients.
- PMID
- Keywords
- Page(s)
- May-60
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 1
| Title | Authors | Journal | Year | Keywords |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The effect of poststroke delirium on short-term outcomes of elderly patients undergoing rehabilitation. | Turco R, Bellelli G, Morandi A, Gentile S, Trabucchi M | Journal of geriatric psychiatry and neurology | 2013 |
Activities of Daily Living, Aged, 80 and over, Delirium, etiology, Female, Humans, Linear Models, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Retrospective Studies, Stroke, complications, Treatment Outcome |
| Reducing deep sedation and delirium in acute lung injury patients: a quality improvement project. | Hager DN, Dinglas VD, Subhas S, Rowden AM, Neufeld KJ, Bienvenu OJ, Touradji P, Colantuoni E, Reddy DR, Brower RG, Needham DM | Critical care medicine | 2013 |
Academic Medical Centers, Acute Lung Injury, etiology, Adult, Body Mass Index, Clinical Protocols, Comorbidity, Deep Sedation, methods, Delirium, diagnosis, Female, Humans, Inservice Training, Intensive Care Units, organization & administration, Male, Middle Aged, Quality Improvement, organization & administration, Respiration, Artificial, adverse effects, Socioeconomic Factors |
| Association between intraoperative blood transfusions and early postoperative delirium in older adults. | Behrends M, DePalma G, Sands L, Leung J | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 2013 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Blood Transfusion, adverse effects, Delirium, epidemiology, Female, Humans, Intraoperative Care, adverse effects, Logistic Models, Male, Multivariate Analysis, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, San Francisco, epidemiology |
| In-facility delirium prevention programs as a patient safety strategy: a systematic review. | Reston JT, Schoelles KM | Annals of internal medicine | 2013 |
Cost Savings, Delirium, prevention & control, Hospital Administration, Hospital Costs, Hospitals, standards, Humans, Long-Term Care, Palliative Care, Patient Safety, standards, Program Evaluation, Residential Facilities, economics, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Safety Management, organization & administration |
| Cortisol levels and neuropsychiatric diagnosis as markers of postoperative delirium: a prospective cohort study. | Kazmierski J, Banys A, Latek J, Bourke J, Jaszewski R | Critical care (London, England) | 2013 | |
| Association of pre-operative brain pathology with post-operative delirium in a cohort of non-small cell lung cancer patients undergoing surgical resection. | Root JC, Pryor KO, Downey R, Alici Y, Davis ML, Holodny A, Korc-Grodzicki B, Ahles T | Psycho-oncology | 2013 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Analysis of Variance, Antipsychotic Agents, therapeutic use, Atrophy, pathology, Brain, pathology, Brain Diseases, complications, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung, complications, Delirium, epidemiology, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Lung Neoplasms, complications, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Nerve Fibers, Myelinated, pathology, Pneumonectomy, Postoperative Complications, epidemiology, Retrospective Studies, Time-to-Treatment |
| The clinical and economic costs of delirium after surgical resection for esophageal malignancy. | Markar SR, Smith IA, Karthikesalingam A, Low DE | Annals of surgery | 2013 |
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Chemoradiotherapy, Chi-Square Distribution, Comorbidity, Delirium, economics, Esophageal Neoplasms, surgery, Esophagectomy, Female, Humans, Length of Stay, statistics & numerical data, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Neoadjuvant Therapy, Postoperative Complications, economics, Prospective Studies, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Statistics, Nonparametric, Survival Rate |
| Effects of routine monitoring of delirium in a surgical/trauma intensive care unit. | Bigatello LM, Amirfarzan H, Haghighi AK, Newhouse B, Del Rio JM, Allen K, Chang A, Schmidt U, Razavi M | The journal of trauma and acute care surgery | 2013 |
Aged, Delirium, etiology, Female, Humans, Incidence, Intensive Care Units, Length of Stay, Male, Massachusetts, epidemiology, Middle Aged, Monitoring, Physiologic, methods, Postoperative Care, methods, Prevalence, Respiration, Artificial, Risk Factors, Trauma Centers, Wounds and Injuries, complications |
| Predisposing and precipitating factors of delirium after cardiac surgery: a prospective observational cohort study. | Guenther U, Theuerkauf N, Frommann I, Brimmers K, Malik R, Stori S, Scheidemann M, Putensen C, Popp J | Annals of surgery | 2013 |
Age Factors, Aged, Cardiac Surgical Procedures, Cardiopulmonary Bypass, Chi-Square Distribution, Cognition Disorders, complications, Comorbidity, Delirium, etiology, Female, Humans, Intensive Care Units, Length of Stay, statistics & numerical data, Logistic Models, Male, Prospective Studies, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, ROC Curve, Risk Factors, Sensitivity and Specificity, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, complications, Time Factors |
| The course of subsyndromal delirium in older long-term care residents. | Cole MG, McCusker J, Voyer P, Monette J, Champoux N, Ciampi A, Vu M, Belzile E | The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry | 2013 | |
| Outcome after hepatectomy-delirium as an independent predictor for mortality. | Veiga D, Luís C, Parente D, Abelha F | BMC anesthesiology | 2013 | |
| Factors predisposing to coma and delirium: fentanyl and midazolam exposure; CYP3A5, ABCB1, and ABCG2 genetic polymorphisms; and inflammatory factors. | Skrobik Y, Leger C, Cossette M, Michaud V, Turgeon J | Critical care medicine | 2013 |
ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters, genetics, Coma, chemically induced, Critical Illness, Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A, genetics, Delirium, chemically induced, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Fentanyl, administration & dosage, Humans, Hypnotics and Sedatives, administration & dosage, Inflammation, chemically induced, Intensive Care Units, Male, Midazolam, administration & dosage, Neoplasm Proteins, genetics, P-Glycoprotein, genetics, Polymorphism, Genetic, genetics |
| Risk and clinical-outcome indicators of delirium in an emergency department intermediate care unit (EDIMCU): an observational prospective study. | Mariz J, Santos NC, Afonso H, Rodrigues P, Faria A, Sousa N, Teixeira J | BMC emergency medicine | 2013 |
Age Distribution, Aged, Comorbidity, Creatinine, blood, Delirium, diagnosis, Emergency Service, Hospital, Female, Hemoglobins, analysis, Hospital Mortality, Humans, Institutionalization, statistics & numerical data, Intermediate Care Facilities, Length of Stay, statistics & numerical data, Male, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, Osmolar Concentration, Portugal, epidemiology, Prospective Studies, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, epidemiology, Urea, blood |
| α-Synuclein pathology is related to postoperative delirium in patients undergoing gastrectomy. | Sunwoo MK, Hong JY, Choi J, Park HJ, Kim SH, Lee PH | Neurology | 2013 |
Aged, Delirium, etiology, Female, Gastrectomy, Humans, Male, Myenteric Plexus, metabolism, Postoperative Complications, physiopathology, Postoperative Period, Regression Analysis, Stomach Neoplasms, surgery, alpha-Synuclein, metabolism |
| Impact of delirium on clinical outcome in critically ill patients: a meta-analysis. | Zhang Z, Pan L, Ni H | General hospital psychiatry | 2013 |
Aged, Critical Illness, Delirium, complications, Female, Hospital Mortality, Humans, Intensive Care Units, utilization, Length of Stay, Male, Middle Aged, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Respiration, Artificial, utilization |
| Perioperative plasma melatonin concentration in postoperative critically ill patients: its association with delirium. | Yoshitaka S, Egi M, Morimatsu H, Kanazawa T, Toda Y, Morita K | Journal of critical care | 2013 |
APACHE, Aged, Chi-Square Distribution, Comorbidity, Critical Illness, Delirium, blood, Female, Humans, Intensive Care Units, Male, Melatonin, blood, Middle Aged, Postoperative Period, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Statistics, Nonparametric |
| Fluctuations in sedation levels may contribute to delirium in ICU patients. | Svenningsen H, Egerod I, Videbech P, Christensen D, Frydenberg M, Tønnesen EK | Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica | 2013 |
Aged, Analgesics, Opioid, adverse effects, Cohort Studies, Confusion, psychology, Conscious Sedation, Data Collection, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Delirium, etiology, Female, Humans, Hypnotics and Sedatives, administration & dosage, Intensive Care, Male, Midazolam, administration & dosage, Middle Aged, Odds Ratio, Patients, Prospective Studies, Psychomotor Agitation, diagnosis |
| Perioperative delirium and its relationship to dementia. | Silverstein JH, Deiner SG | Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry | 2013 |
Anesthesia, adverse effects, Cognition Disorders, psychology, Delirium, psychology, Dementia, psychology, Disease Progression, Humans, Postoperative Complications, psychology, Risk Factors, Surgical Procedures, Operative, adverse effects |
| Sedation depth and long-term mortality in mechanically ventilated critically ill adults: a prospective longitudinal multicentre cohort study. | Shehabi Y, Chan L, Kadiman S, Alias A, Ismail WN, Tan MA, Khoo TM, Ali SB, Saman MA, Shaltut A, Tan CC, Yong CY, Bailey M, | Intensive care medicine | 2013 |
APACHE, Chi-Square Distribution, Critical Illness, mortality, Deep Sedation, mortality, Delirium, diagnosis, Female, Humans, Hypnotics and Sedatives, administration & dosage, Intensive Care Units, Longitudinal Studies, Malaysia, epidemiology, Male, Middle Aged, Proportional Hazards Models, Prospective Studies, Respiration, Artificial |
| Delirium in an adult acute hospital population: predictors, prevalence and detection. | Ryan DJ, O'Regan NA, Caoimh RÓ, Clare J, O'Connor M, Leonard M, McFarland J, Tighe S, O'Sullivan K, Trzepacz PT, Meagher D, Timmons S | BMJ open | 2013 | |
| Exploring the utility of ultra-brief delirium assessments in a nonintensive care geriatric population: the GEM study. | Powers JS, Doering T, Gordon S, Eden SK, Shintani A, Schnelle J | The Gerontologist | 2013 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Delirium, diagnosis, Female, Geriatric Assessment, statistics & numerical data, Health Services for the Aged, utilization, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Psychometrics, methods |
| Antipsychotic use in nursing home residents admitted with hip fracture. | Jung HY, Meucci M, Unruh MA, Mor V, Dosa D | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 2013 |
Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antipsychotic Agents, therapeutic use, Delirium, complications, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Hip Fractures, complications, Hospitalization, statistics & numerical data, Humans, Incidence, Male, Nursing Homes, Population Surveillance, Prevalence, Retrospective Studies, United States, epidemiology |
| Association between endothelial dysfunction and acute brain dysfunction during critical illness. | Hughes CG, Morandi A, Girard TD, Riedel B, Thompson JL, Shintani AK, Pun BT, Ely EW, Pandharipande PP | Anesthesiology | 2013 |
Acute Disease, Aged, Brain Diseases, epidemiology, Cohort Studies, Coma, epidemiology, Critical Illness, epidemiology, Delirium, epidemiology, Endothelium, Vascular, physiopathology, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies |
| Delirium-related distress in caregivers: a study from a tertiary care centre in India. | Grover S, Shah R | Perspectives in psychiatric care | 2013 |
Adult, Aged, Caregivers, psychology, Cost of Illness, Delirium, diagnosis, Female, Humans, India, Male, Middle Aged, Nursing Assessment, Prospective Studies, Referral and Consultation, Tertiary Care Centers, Young Adult |
| Diagnostic accuracy of a rapid checklist to identify delirium in older patients transported by EMS. | Frisch A, Miller T, Haag A, Martin-Gill C, Guyette FX, Suffoletto BP | Prehospital emergency care : official journal of the National Association of EMS Physicians and the National Association of State EMS Directors | 2013 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Case-Control Studies, Checklist, Delirium, diagnosis, Emergency Medical Services, Female, Geriatric Assessment, methods, Glasgow Coma Scale, Humans, Male, Matched-Pair Analysis, Pennsylvania, Prospective Studies, Reproducibility of Results, Sensitivity and Specificity |
| Three core domains of delirium validated using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. | Franco JG, Trzepacz PT, Meagher DJ, Kean J, Lee Y, Kim JL, Kishi Y, Furlanetto LM, Negreiros D, Huang MC, Chen CH, Leonard M, de Pablo J | Psychosomatics | 2013 |
Adult, Analysis of Variance, Chronobiology Disorders, diagnosis, Cognition Disorders, diagnosis, Cross-Sectional Studies, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Delirium, diagnosis, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Male, Models, Statistical, Reproducibility of Results, Severity of Illness Index, Symptom Assessment, statistics & numerical data |
| Delirium in the cardiovascular ICU: exploring modifiable risk factors. | McPherson JA, Wagner CE, Boehm LM, Hall JD, Johnson DC, Miller LR, Burns KM, Thompson JL, Shintani AK, Ely EW, Pandharipande PP, Pandhvaripande PP | Critical care medicine | 2013 |
Age Factors, Aged, Benzodiazepines, administration & dosage, Coma, epidemiology, Coronary Care Units, Critical Illness, Delirium, diagnosis, Female, Humans, Intensive Care Units, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Prospective Studies, Restraint, Physical, statistics & numerical data, Risk Factors, Time Factors |
| Clinical practice guidelines for the management of pain, agitation, and delirium in adult patients in the intensive care unit. | Barr J, Fraser GL, Puntillo K, Ely EW, Gélinas C, Dasta JF, Davidson JE, Devlin JW, Kress JP, Joffe AM, Coursin DB, Herr DL, Tung A, Robinson BR, Fontaine DK, Ramsay MA, Riker RR, Sessler CN, Pun B, Skrobik Y, Jaeschke R, | Critical care medicine | 2013 |
Adult, Clinical Protocols, Critical Illness, Delirium, diagnosis, Humans, Hypnotics and Sedatives, adverse effects, Intensive Care Units, Pain Management, methods, Pain Measurement, methods, Psychomotor Agitation, diagnosis, Risk Assessment, methods, United States |
| Effect of intensive care unit environment on in-hospital delirium after cardiac surgery. | Arenson BG, MacDonald LA, Grocott HP, Hiebert BM, Arora RC | The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery | 2013 |
Aged, Cardiac Surgical Procedures, Delirium, epidemiology, Female, Hospitals, Humans, Intensive Care Units, Male, Middle Aged, Postoperative Complications, epidemiology, Retrospective Studies |
| Parenteral hydration in patients with advanced cancer: a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial. | Bruera E, Hui D, Dalal S, Torres-Vigil I, Trumble J, Roosth J, Krauter S, Strickland C, Unger K, Palmer JL, Allo J, Frisbee-Hume S, Tarleton K | Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology | 2013 |
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Dehydration, therapy, Double-Blind Method, Fatigue, prevention & control, Female, Fluid Therapy, Follow-Up Studies, Hospice Care, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, complications, Neoplasms, complications, Parenteral Nutrition, Prognosis, Quality of Life, Survival Rate, Symptom Assessment |
| Delirium assessment using Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit in Chinese critically ill patients. | Wang C, Wu Y, Yue P, Ely EW, Huang J, Yang X, Liu Y | Journal of critical care | 2013 |
APACHE, Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Chi-Square Distribution, China, Confusion, diagnosis, Critical Illness, Delirium, diagnosis, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Female, Humans, Intensive Care Units, Male, Middle Aged, Predictive Value of Tests, Reproducibility of Results, Sensitivity and Specificity, Translations |
| Incidence, risk factors, and complications of postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing radical cystectomy. | Large MC, Reichard C, Williams JT, Chang C, Prasad S, Leung Y, DuBeau C, Bales GT, Steinberg GD | Urology | 2013 |
Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Case-Control Studies, Confidence Intervals, Cystectomy, adverse effects, Delirium, etiology, Female, Humans, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Male, Mental Status Schedule, Multivariate Analysis, Odds Ratio, Patient Readmission, Pilot Projects, Prospective Studies, Reoperation, Risk Factors, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms, surgery |
| Delirium in older patients: a diagnostic study of NEECHAM Confusion Scale in surgical intensive care unit. | Matarese M, Generoso S, Ivziku D, Pedone C, De Marinis MG | Journal of clinical nursing | 2013 |
Aged, Confusion, diagnosis, Humans, Intensive Care Units, Prospective Studies, Surgery Department, Hospital |
| Subsyndromal delirium in older people: a systematic review of frequency, risk factors, course and outcomes. | Cole MG, Ciampi A, Belzile E, Dubuc-Sarrasin M | International journal of geriatric psychiatry | 2013 |
Canada, epidemiology, Delirium, epidemiology, Europe, epidemiology, Humans, Incidence, Institutionalization, statistics & numerical data, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Prevalence, Risk Factors, United States, epidemiology |
| Intensive care unit environment may affect the course of delirium. | Zaal IJ, Spruyt CF, Peelen LM, van Eijk MM, Wientjes R, Schneider MM, Kesecioglu J, Slooter AJ | Intensive care medicine | 2013 |
Delirium, epidemiology, Female, Health Facility Environment, Humans, Intensive Care Units, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies |
| The incidence of delirium in Norwegian intensive care units; deep sedation makes assessment difficult. | Wøien H, Balsliemke S, Stubhaug A | Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica | 2013 |
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Analgesics, therapeutic use, Coma, therapy, Critical Illness, Data Collection, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Deep Sedation, Delirium, diagnosis, Female, Humans, Intensive Care Units, statistics & numerical data, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Norway, epidemiology, Pain Measurement, Psychomotor Agitation, Young Adult |
| Replication analysis for composition of the Delirium Motor Subtype Scale (DMSS) in a referral cohort from Northern India. | Grover S, Mattoo SK, Aarya KR, Pratim Das P, Chakrabarty K, Trzepacz P, Gupta N, Meagher D | Psychiatry research | 2013 |
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cohort Studies, Delirium, classification, Female, Humans, India, Male, Middle Aged, Movement Disorders, classification, Principal Component Analysis, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Referral and Consultation, Severity of Illness Index, Young Adult |
| Prospective observational study of dementia and delirium in the acute hospital setting. | Travers C, Byrne G, Pachana N, Klein K, Gray L | Internal medicine journal | 2013 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cohort Studies, Delirium, diagnosis, Dementia, diagnosis, Female, Hospitalization, trends, Humans, Male, Observational Study as Topic, methods, Patient Admission, trends, Prospective Studies, Queensland, epidemiology |
| Melatonin receptor agonists for treating delirium in elderly patients with acute stroke. | Ohta T, Murao K, Miyake K, Takemoto K | Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association | 2013 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Delirium, complications, Female, Humans, Indenes, therapeutic use, Male, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Receptors, Melatonin, agonists, Stroke, complications, Treatment Outcome |
| Selecting optimal screening items for delirium: an application of item response theory. | Yang FM, Jones RN, Inouye SK, Tommet D, Crane PK, Rudolph JL, Ngo LH, Marcantonio ER | BMC medical research methodology | 2013 |
Aged, 80 and over, Algorithms, Delirium, diagnosis, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Male, Psychometrics, Questionnaires |
| Relation of serum cortisol to delirium occurring after acute coronary syndromes. | Colkesen Y, Giray S, Ozenli Y, Sezgin N, Coskun I | The American journal of emergency medicine | 2013 |
Acute Coronary Syndrome, complications, Aged, Delirium, blood, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, blood, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, ROC Curve, Risk Assessment, Sensitivity and Specificity, Severity of Illness Index |
| Vitamin D and delirium in critically ill patients: a preliminary investigation. | Morandi A, Barnett N, Miller RR, Girard TD, Pandharipande PP, Ely EW, Ware LB | Journal of critical care | 2013 |
Acute Lung Injury, diagnosis, Adult, Age Factors, Critical Illness, Delirium, blood, Female, Humans, Intensive Care Units, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Pilot Projects, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index, Vitamin D Deficiency, blood |
| Delirium within the emergency care setting, occurrence and detection: a systematic review. | Barron EA, Holmes J | Emergency medicine journal : EMJ | 2013 |
Cohort Studies, Cross-Sectional Studies, Delirium, epidemiology, Emergency Service, Hospital, statistics & numerical data, Great Britain, epidemiology, Humans, Incidence, Prevalence |
| Delirium and transition to a nursing home of hospitalized older adults: a controlled trial of assessing the interdisciplinary team-based "geriatric" care and care coordination by non-geriatrics specialist physicians. | Yoo JW, Nakagawa S, Kim S | Geriatrics & gerontology international | 2013 |
Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Case Management, Case-Control Studies, Checklist, Cognition, physiology, Delirium, prevention & control, Diagnosis, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Geriatric Assessment, Geriatrics, education, Hospitalization, Humans, Intervention Studies, Male, Medication Reconciliation, Medicine, Mental Status Schedule, Nursing Homes, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Patient Care Team, Patient Transfer, Residence Characteristics, Severity of Illness Index, Sleep, physiology |
| Impact of pneumonia on hyperactive delirium in end-stage lung cancer patients. | Suzuki H, Hirashima T, Kobayashi M, Okamoto N, Matsuura Y, Tamiya M, Morishita N, Okafuji K, Shiroyama T, Morimura O, Morita S, Kawase I | Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer | 2013 |
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Case-Control Studies, Delirium, epidemiology, Female, Humans, Incidence, Japan, epidemiology, Logistic Models, Lung Neoplasms, epidemiology, Male, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, Palliative Care, Pneumonia, epidemiology, Psychomotor Agitation, epidemiology, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors |
| Improving quality of delirium care in a general medical service with established interdisciplinary care: a controlled trial. | Mudge AM, Maussen C, Duncan J, Denaro CP | Internal medicine journal | 2013 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Delirium, diagnosis, Female, General Practice, standards, Hospital Departments, standards, Humans, Male, Patient Care Team, standards, Patient Discharge, standards, Quality Improvement, standards |
| Incidence of post-stroke delirium and 1-year outcome. | Miu DK, Yeung JC | Geriatrics & gerontology international | 2013 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Biological Markers, analysis, Comorbidity, Delirium, epidemiology, Demography, Female, Hong Kong, epidemiology, Humans, Incidence, Length of Stay, statistics & numerical data, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Stroke, complications, Survival Rate |
| Prevalence, presentation and prognosis of delirium in older people in the population, at home and in long term care: a review. | de Lange E, Verhaak PF, van der Meer K | International journal of geriatric psychiatry | 2013 |
Delirium, epidemiology, Home Care Services, statistics & numerical data, Humans, Long-Term Care, statistics & numerical data, Prevalence, Prognosis, Risk Factors |
| Postoperative course after emergency colorectal surgery for secondary peritonitis in the elderly is often complicated by delirium. | Engelberger S, Zürcher M, Schuld J, Viehl CT, Kettelhack C | International surgery | 2012 |
APACHE, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Colon, surgery, Decision Support Techniques, Delirium, diagnosis, Emergencies, Female, Humans, Male, Peritonitis, etiology, Postoperative Complications, epidemiology, Rectum, surgery, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index, Treatment Outcome |
| Cortical signatures of cognition and their relationship to Alzheimer's disease. | Gross AL, Manly JJ, Pa J, Johnson JK, Park LQ, Mitchell MB, Melrose RJ, Inouye SK, McLaren DG, | Brain imaging and behavior | 2012 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alzheimer Disease, complications, Brain, pathology, Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted, methods, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, methods, Male, Middle Aged, Mild Cognitive Impairment, complications, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychometrics, methods, Reproducibility of Results, Sensitivity and Specificity, Severity of Illness Index |
| Parallel but not equivalent: challenges and solutions for repeated assessment of cognition over time. | Gross AL, Inouye SK, Rebok GW, Brandt J, Crane PK, Parisi JM, Tommet D, Bandeen-Roche K, Carlson MC, Jones RN | Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology | 2012 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cognition, Cognition Disorders, diagnosis, Female, Humans, Individuality, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Verbal Learning |
| Novel risk markers and long-term outcomes of delirium: the successful aging after elective surgery (SAGES) study design and methods. | Schmitt EM, Marcantonio ER, Alsop DC, Jones RN, Rogers SO, Fong TG, Metzger E, Inouye SK, | Journal of the American Medical Directors Association | 2012 |
Academic Medical Centers, Aged, Aging, Biological Markers, blood, Boston, Databases, Factual, Delirium, etiology, Female, Humans, Postoperative Complications, Prospective Studies, Qualitative Research, Research Design, Risk Assessment, methods, Surgical Procedures, Elective |
| Serial administration of a modified Richmond Agitation and Sedation Scale for delirium screening. | Chester JG, Beth Harrington M, Rudolph JL, | Journal of hospital medicine : an official publication of the Society of Hospital Medicine | 2012 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cohort Studies, Delirium, diagnosis, Female, Humans, Male, Prospective Studies, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, standards, Psychomotor Agitation, diagnosis |
| Intracranial cause of delirium: computed tomography yield and predictive factors. | Lai MM, Wong Tin Niam DM | Internal medicine journal | 2012 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Australia, Brain, pathology, Brain Diseases, complications, Case-Control Studies, Delirium, etiology, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Predictive Value of Tests, Risk Factors, Sensitivity and Specificity, Tomography, X-Ray Computed |
| Role of microglia and toll-like receptor 4 in the pathophysiology of delirium. | Jalleh R, Koh K, Choi B, Liu E, Maddison J, Hutchinson MR | Medical hypotheses | 2012 |
Aged, Delirium, physiopathology, Humans, Microglia, pathology, Middle Aged, Models, Theoretical, Toll-Like Receptor 4, physiology |
| Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and cognitive function: are prostaglandins at the heart of cognitive impairment in dementia and delirium? | Cunningham C, Skelly DT | Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology | 2012 |
Animals, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, pharmacology, Cognition, drug effects, Cognition Disorders, immunology, Delirium, immunology, Dementia, immunology, Humans, Prostaglandins, immunology |
| Postoperative delirium in intensive care patients: risk factors and outcome. | Veiga D, Luis C, Parente D, Fernandes V, Botelho M, Santos P, Abelha F | Revista brasileira de anestesiologia | 2012 |
Anesthesia Recovery Period Delirium Postoperative Complications Risk Factors |
| Pain and cognitive dysfunction are the risk factors of delirium in elderly hip fracture Chinese patients. | Nie H, Zhao B, Zhang YQ, Jiang YH, Yang YX | Archives of gerontology and geriatrics | 2012 |
Aged, China, epidemiology, Cognition Disorders, complications, Delirium, epidemiology, Female, Hip Fractures, complications, Humans, Incidence, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Pain, complications, Pain Measurement, Postoperative Complications, etiology, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors |
| Pain reporting, opiate dosing, and the adverse effects of opiates after hip or knee replacement in patients 60 years old or older. | Petre BM, Roxbury CR, McCallum JR, Defontes KW, Belkoff SM, Mears SC | Geriatric orthopaedic surgery & rehabilitation | 2012 |
Elderly Hip Replacement Knee Replacement Opiates Pain |
| Bright light therapy as an adjunctive treatment with risperidone in patients with delirium: a randomized, open, parallel group study. | Yang J, Choi W, Ko YH, Joe SH, Han C, Kim YK | General hospital psychiatry | 2012 |
Adjunctive treatment Delirium Light Therapy Sleep Efficiency Total Sleep Time |
| Pharmacological risk factors for delirium after cardiac surgery: a review. | Tse L, Schwarz SK, Bowering JB, Moore RL, Burns KD, Richford CM, Osborn JA, Barr AM | Current neuropharmacology | 2012 |
Cardiac surgery, Delirium, Drugs, Medications, Prevent, Risk Factors |
| One-year mortality of elderly inpatients with delirium, dementia, or depression seen by a consultation-liaison service. | Tsai MC, Weng HH, Chou SY, Tsai CS, Hung TH, Su JA | Psychosomatics | 2012 |
Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Delirium, mortality, Dementia, mortality, Depressive Disorder, mortality, Female, Humans, Length of Stay, statistics & numerical data, Logistic Models, Male, Referral and Consultation, Risk Factors, Sex Factors |
| Risk factors for delirium in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. | Weckmann MT, Gingrich R, Mills JA, Hook L, Beglinger LJ | Annals of clinical psychiatry : official journal of the American Academy of Clinical Psychiatrists | 2012 |
Adult, Aged, Anemia, complications, Anoxia, complications, Blood Urea Nitrogen, Creatinine, blood, Dehydration, complications, Delirium, epidemiology, Erythrocyte Indices, Female, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, adverse effects, Hemoglobins, analysis, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, therapy, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Serum Albumin, analysis |
| What are the opportunities for EEG-based monitoring of delirium in the ICU? | van der Kooi AW, Leijten FS, van der Wekken RJ, Slooter AJ | The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences | 2012 |
Cerebral Cortex, physiopathology, Delirium, diagnosis, Electroencephalography, Humans, Intensive Care, Intensive Care Units |
| Diurnal sedative changes during intensive care: impact on liberation from mechanical ventilation and delirium. | Seymour CW, Pandharipande PP, Koestner T, Hudson LD, Thompson JL, Shintani AK, Ely EW, Girard TD | Critical care medicine | 2012 |
Aged, Benzodiazepines, administration & dosage, Circadian Rhythm, Clinical Protocols, Coma, chemically induced, Delirium, chemically induced, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Humans, Hypnotics and Sedatives, administration & dosage, Intensive Care, statistics & numerical data, Male, Middle Aged, Propofol, administration & dosage, Prospective Studies, Respiration, Artificial, methods, Ventilator Weaning, statistics & numerical data |
| Delirium in postoperative nonventilated intensive care patients: risk factors and outcomes. | Serafim RB, Dutra MF, Saddy F, Tura B, de Castro JE, Villarinho LC, da Gloria Santos M, Bozza FA, Rocco JR | Annals of intensive care | 2012 |
Delirium Postoperative Surgery Confusion assessment method |
| Overview of significant changes in the Minimum Data Set for nursing homes version 3.0. | Saliba D, Jones M, Streim J, Ouslander J, Berlowitz D, Buchanan J | Journal of the American Medical Directors Association | 2012 |
Aged, Data Collection, methods, Geriatric Assessment, methods, Humans, Medicare, Nursing Homes, Patient Admission, standards, United States, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, standards |
| Effectiveness of acute geriatric unit care using acute care for elders components: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | Fox MT, Persaud M, Maimets I, O'Brien K, Brooks D, Tregunno D, Schraa E | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 2012 |
Accidental Falls, statistics & numerical data, Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Geriatrics, Hospital Mortality, Hospital Units, economics, Humans, Length of Stay, Male, Patient Discharge, Patient Readmission, statistics & numerical data, Patient-Centered Care, statistics & numerical data, Pressure Ulcer, epidemiology, Quality of Health Care |
| An evaluation of a proactive geriatric trauma consultation service. | Lenartowicz M, Parkovnick M, McFarlan A, Haas B, Straus SE, Nathens AB, Wong CL | Annals of surgery | 2012 |
Aged, Female, Health Services for the Aged, Humans, Male, Models, Theoretical, Retrospective Studies, Trauma Centers, Wounds and Injuries, therapy |
| Obstructive sleep apnea and delirium: exploring possible mechanisms. | Mirrakhimov AE, Brewbaker CL, Krystal AD, Kwatra MM | Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung | 2014 | |
| Effects of hospitalist-directed interdisciplinary medicine floor service on hospital outcomes for seniors with acute medical illness. | Yoo JW, Seol H, Kim SJ, Yang JM, Ryu WS, Min TD, Choi JB, Kwon M, Kim S | Geriatrics & gerontology international | 2014 | |
| Oropharyngeal dysphagia in an elderly post-operative hip fracture population: a prospective cohort study. | Love AL, Cornwell PL, Whitehouse SL | Age and ageing | 2013 |
Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Comorbidity, Deglutition, Deglutition Disorders, diagnosis, Delirium, epidemiology, Fracture Fixation, adverse effects, Hip Fractures, epidemiology, Homes for the Aged, Humans, Incidence, Length of Stay, Logistic Models, Multivariate Analysis, Prospective Studies, Queensland, epidemiology, Risk Factors, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome |
| Melatonin deficiency hypothesis in delirium: a synthesis of current evidence. | de Rooij SE, van Munster BC | Rejuvenation research | 2013 |
Animals, Circadian Rhythm, Delirium, metabolism, Humans, Melatonin, deficiency, Models, Biological, Risk Factors |
| Pathophysiology of encephalopathy and delirium. | Williams ST | Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society | 2013 |
Brain Diseases, physiopathology, Delirium, physiopathology, Humans |
| Bedside coaching to improve nurses' recognition of delirium. | Gordon SJ, Melillo KD, Nannini A, Lakatos BE | The Journal of neuroscience nursing : journal of the American Association of Neuroscience Nurses | 2013 |
Adult, Delirium, diagnosis, Education, Nursing, Continuing, methods, Evidence-Based Nursing, methods, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nursing Assessment, methods, Nursing Staff, Hospital, education, Questionnaires, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Staff Development, methods, Young Adult |
| Delirium: past, present, and future. | Field RR, Wall MH | Seminars in cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia | 2013 |
Delirium, diagnosis, Humans, Postoperative Complications, etiology, Respiration, Artificial |
| Incidence and risk factors for postoperative delirium after lumbar spine surgery. | Fineberg SJ, Nandyala SV, Marquez-Lara A, Oglesby M, Patel AA, Singh K | Spine | 2013 |
Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Comorbidity, Decompression, Surgical, adverse effects, Delirium, epidemiology, Female, Hospital Costs, Humans, Incidence, Inpatients, statistics & numerical data, Logistic Models, Lumbar Vertebrae, surgery, Male, Middle Aged, Nervous System Diseases, epidemiology, Postoperative Complications, epidemiology, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Spinal Fusion, adverse effects, Substance-Related Disorders, epidemiology, Survival Rate, United States, epidemiology, Young Adult |
| The triple challenge of recruiting older adults with dementia and high medical acuity in skilled nursing facilities. | Kolanowski A, Mulhall P, Yevchak A, Hill N, Fick D | Journal of nursing scholarship : an official publication of Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing / Sigma Theta Tau | 2013 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Delirium, complications, Dementia, complications, Female, Humans, Male, Nursing Research, organization & administration, Patient Selection, Skilled Nursing Facilities |
| Medications, delirium, and older adults. | Bell L | American journal of critical care : an official publication, American Association of Critical-Care Nurses | 2013 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Delirium, diagnosis, Humans, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Risk Factors |
| Surgery in elderly people: preoperative, operative and postoperative care to assist healing. | Hughes S, Leary A, Zweizig S, Cain J | Best practice & research. Clinical obstetrics & gynaecology | 2013 |
Aged, Aging, Delirium, prevention & control, Female, Humans, Pain Management, methods, Pain, Postoperative, therapy, Patient Discharge, Patient Positioning, Postoperative Care, methods, Preoperative Care, methods, Recovery of Function, physiology, Risk Factors, Surgical Procedures, Operative, rehabilitation, Venous Thromboembolism, prevention & control, Wound Healing |
| Delirium in older people after proximal femoral fracture repair: role of a preoperative screening cognitive test. | Mézière A, Paillaud E, Belmin J, Pariel S, Herbaud S, Canouï-Poitrine F, Le Thuaut A, Marty J, Plaud B | Annales françaises d'anesthèsie et de rèanimation | 2013 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cohort Studies, Comorbidity, Delirium, epidemiology, Depression, complications, Educational Status, Female, Femoral Fractures, surgery, Humans, Male, Mental Recall, physiology, Neuropsychological Tests, Orthopedic Procedures, Postoperative Complications, epidemiology, Preoperative Period, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors |
| Management of acute confusion in patients with CNS infections. | Matata C, Defres S, Jones C, Gummery A, Solomon T | Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987) | 2013 |
Acute Disease, nursing, Adult, Aggression, Central Nervous System Infections, complications, Confusion, etiology, Curriculum, Delirium, etiology, Female, Great Britain, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nursing Staff, Hospital, education, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Risk Factors |
| Identification and rates of delirium in elderly medical inpatients from diverse language groups. | Wand AP, Thoo W, Ting V, Baker J, Sciuriaga H, Hunt GE | Geriatric nursing (New York, N.Y.) | 2013 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Delirium, epidemiology, Female, Humans, Inpatients, Language, Male |
| The aging brain and anesthesia. | Brown EN, Purdon PL | Current opinion in anaesthesiology | 2013 |
Aged, Aging, pathology, Anesthesia, methods, Animals, Brain, pathology, Electroencephalography, Humans, Mild Cognitive Impairment, physiopathology, Oxidative Stress |
| Apolipoprotein E ε4 is superior to apolipoprotein E ε2 in predicting cognitive scores over 30 months. | Regal P, Nair B, Hetherington E | Clinical interventions in aging | 2013 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Apolipoprotein E2, genetics, Apolipoprotein E4, genetics, Cognition Disorders, diagnosis, Cohort Studies, Female, Genetic Markers, Humans, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, New South Wales, Predictive Value of Tests, Prospective Studies, Sex Distribution |
| Army anesthesia providers' perceptions of emergence delirium after general anesthesia in service members. | Wilson JT | AANA journal | 2013 |
Anesthesia Recovery Period, Anesthesia, General, adverse effects, Anesthesiology, Delirium, epidemiology, Female, Health Care Surveys, Humans, Male, Military Nursing, Military Personnel, statistics & numerical data, Nurse Anesthetists, Perception, Questionnaires |
| Incidence of cholinesterase inhibitor therapy initiation among hospitalized patients. | Swan JT, Wagle KC, Thompson-Moore N, Taffet GE | Journal of hospital medicine : an official publication of the Society of Hospital Medicine | 2013 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cholinesterase Inhibitors, adverse effects, Cross-Sectional Studies, Delirium, drug therapy, Female, Hospital Mortality, trends, Hospitalization, trends, Humans, Incidence, Male, Retrospective Studies |
| Assessment of people with cognitive impairment and hip fracture: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | Smith T, Hameed Y, Cross J, Sahota O, Fox C | Archives of gerontology and geriatrics | 2013 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cognition Disorders, complications, Delirium, complications, Female, Geriatric Assessment, methods, Hip Fractures, complications, Humans, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Pain Measurement |
| Atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of delirium. | Wang HR, Woo YS, Bahk WM | Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences | 2013 |
Antipsychotic Agents, adverse effects, Benzodiazepines, therapeutic use, Delirium, drug therapy, Dibenzothiazepines, therapeutic use, Humans, Piperazines, therapeutic use, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Risperidone, therapeutic use, Sulpiride, analogs & derivatives, Thiazoles, therapeutic use |
| The delirium experience: what is the effect on patients, relatives and staff and what can be done to modify this? | Partridge JS, Martin FC, Harari D, Dhesi JK | International journal of geriatric psychiatry | 2013 |
Anxiety, etiology, Delirium, psychology, Depression, etiology, Family, psychology, Health Personnel, psychology, Humans, Mental Recall, Qualitative Research, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, etiology, Stress, Psychological, etiology |
| Development of an amygdalocentric neurocircuitry-reactive aggression theoretical model of emergence delirium in posttraumatic stress disorder: an integrative literature review. | McLott J, Jurecic J, Hemphill L, Dunn KS | AANA journal | 2013 |
Amygdala, physiopathology, Anesthesia, General, adverse effects, Combat Disorders, complications, Delirium, chemically induced, Humans, Nurse Anesthetists, Postoperative Complications, chemically induced, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, complications |
| Quetiapine for the treatment of delirium. | Hawkins SB, Bucklin M, Muzyk AJ | Journal of hospital medicine : an official publication of the Society of Hospital Medicine | 2013 |
Antipsychotic Agents, therapeutic use, Delirium, drug therapy, Dibenzothiazepines, therapeutic use, Humans, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, methods, Retrospective Studies, Treatment Outcome |
| Delirium after cardiac surgery: have we overlooked obstructive sleep apnea? | Mirrakhimov AE, Yen T, Kwatra MM | Medical hypotheses | 2013 |
Delirium, etiology, Humans, Models, Theoretical, Risk Factors, Sleep Apnea, Obstructive, complications, Thoracic Surgical Procedures, adverse effects |
| Melatonin: delirium (postsurgical). | Generali JA, Cada DJ | Hospital pharmacy | 2013 | |
| Delirium: ramelton. | Generali JA, Cada DJ | Hospital pharmacy | 2013 | |
| Prophylactic antipsychotic use for postoperative delirium: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | Hirota T, Kishi T | The Journal of clinical psychiatry | 2013 |
Antipsychotic Agents, classification, Chemoprevention, Comparative Effectiveness Research, Delirium, diagnosis, Humans, Patient Selection, Postoperative Complications, diagnosis, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Risk Assessment, Therapeutic Equivalency |
| Slower walking speed forecasts increased postoperative morbidity and 1-year mortality across surgical specialties. | Robinson TN, Wu DS, Sauaia A, Dunn CL, Stevens-Lapsley JE, Moss M, Stiegmann GV, Gajdos C, Cleveland JC, Inouye SK | Annals of surgery | 2013 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cardiac Surgical Procedures, mortality, Decision Support Techniques, Digestive System Surgical Procedures, mortality, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Male, Postoperative Complications, diagnosis, Preoperative Care, Prognosis, Prospective Studies, ROC Curve, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Surgical Procedures, Elective, mortality, Walking, physiology |
| Progression of delirium in advanced illness: a multivariate model of caregiver and clinician perspectives. | Kerr CW, Donnelly JP, Wright ST, Luczkiewicz DL, McKenzie KJ, Hang PC, Kuszczak SM | Journal of palliative medicine | 2013 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Attitude of Health Personnel, Caregivers, psychology, Confusion, Delirium, diagnosis, Disease Progression, Female, Hospice Care, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Male, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, Observation, Palliative Care, manpower, Psychomotor Agitation, Qualitative Research, Sleep Disorders, Symptom Assessment, Terminally Ill, psychology |
| Complex assessment of the incidence and risk factors of delirium in a large cohort of cardiac surgery patients: a single-center 6-year experience. | Krzych LJ, Wybraniec MT, Krupka-Matuszczyk I, Skrzypek M, Bolkowska A, Wilczyński M, Bochenek AA | BioMed research international | 2013 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Brain Ischemia, complications, Cardiac Surgical Procedures, adverse effects, Delirium, etiology, Female, Humans, Male, Postoperative Complications, etiology, Psychotropic Drugs, Risk Factors, Stroke, complications |
| An intermediate care unit for older people with both physical and psychiatric disorders: naturalistic outcome study. | Hilton C, Madaras A, Qureshi M | International psychogeriatrics / IPA | 2013 |
Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Delirium, psychology, Disabled Persons, psychology, Female, Humans, Intermediate Care Facilities, Length of Stay, statistics & numerical data, Logistic Models, Male, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Patient Discharge, statistics & numerical data, Retrospective Studies |