What is the Delirium Bibliography? The searchable Delirium Bibliography page is one of our most popular features, allowing you to quickly gain access to the literature on delirium and acute care of older persons. It is primarily intended for clinicians and researchers interested in exploring these topics. The NIDUS team keeps it updated for you on a monthly basis!
How to Search for Articles: Search by author, title, year, and/or keywords. Each article is indexed by keywords taken from MEDLINE and other relevant databases. Click on the title of the article to read the abstract, journal, etc.
Reference Information
- Title
- Withdrawal versus continuation of long-term antipsychotic drug use for behavioural and psychological symptoms in older people with dementia.
- Authors
- Van Leeuwen, E. Petrovic, M. van Driel, M. L. De Sutter, A. I. M. Vander Stichele, R. Declercq, T. Christiaens, T.
- Year
- 2018
- Journal
- Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
- Abstract
Background: Antipsychotic agents are often used to treat neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in people with dementia although there is uncertainty about the effectiveness of their long-term use for this indication and concern that they may cause harm, including higher mortality. When behavioural strategies have failed and treatment with antipsychotic drugs is instituted, regular attempts to withdraw them have been recommended in guidelines. Physicians, nurses and families of older people with dementia may be reluctant to stop antipsychotics, fearing deterioration of NPS. This is an update of a Cochrane Review published in 2013. Objectives: To evaluate whether withdrawal of antipsychotic agents is successful in older people with dementia and NPS in primary care or nursing home settings, to list the different strategies for withdrawal of antipsychotic agents in older participants with dementia and NPS, and to measure the effects of withdrawal of antipsychotic agents on participants’ behaviour and assess safety. Search methods: We searched the Specialized Register of the Cochrane Dementia and Cognitive Improvement Group (ALOIS), theCochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, LILACS, clinical trials registries and grey literature sources up to 11 January 2018. Selection criteria: We included all randomised, controlled trials comparing an antipsychotic withdrawal strategy to continuation of antipsychotics in people with dementia who had been treated with an antipsychotic drug for at least three months. Data collection and analysis: We used standard methodological procedures according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. We rated the quality of evidence for each outcome using the GRADE approach. Main results: We included 10 studies involving 632 participants. One new trial (19 participants) was added for this update. One trial was conducted in a community setting, eight in nursing homes and one in both settings. Different types of antipsychotics at varying doses were discontinued in the studies. Both abrupt and gradual withdrawal schedules were used. Reported data were predominantly from studies at low or unclear risk of bias. We included nine trials with 575 randomised participants that used a proxy outcome for overall success of antipsychotic withdrawal. Pooling data was not possible due to heterogeneity of outcome measures used. Based on assessment of seven studies, discontinuation may make little or no difference to whether or not participants complete the study (low-quality evidence). Two trials included only participants with psychosis, agitation or aggression who had responded to antipsychotic treatment. In these two trials, stopping antipsychotics was associated with a higher risk of leaving the study early due to symptomatic relapse or a shorter time to symptomatic relapse. We found low-quality evidence that discontinuation may make little or no difference to overall NPS, measured using various scales (7 trials, 519 participants). There was some evidence from subgroup analyses in two trials that discontinuation may reduce agitation for participants with less severe NPS at baseline, but may be associated with a worsening of NPS in participants with more severe NPS at baseline. None of the studies assessed withdrawal symptoms. Adverse effects of antipsychotics (such as falls) were not systematically assessed. Low-quality evidence showed that discontinuation may have little or no effect on adverse events (5 trials, 381 participants), quality of life (2 trials, 119 participants), or cognitive function (5 trials, 365 participants). There were insufficient data to determine whether discontinuation of antipsychotics has any effect on mortality (very low-quality evidence). Authors’ conclusions: There is low-quality evidence that antipsychotics may be successfully discontinued in older people with dementia and NPS who have been taking antipsychotics for at least three months, and that discontinuation may have little or no important effect on behavioural and psychological symptoms. This i consistent with the observation that most behavioural complications of dementia are intermittent and often do not persist for longer than three months. Discontinuation may have little or no effect on overall cognitive function. Discontinuation may make no difference to adverse events and quality of life. Based on the trials in this review, we are uncertain whether discontinuation of antipsychotics leads to a decrease in mortality. People with psychosis, aggression or agitation who responded well to long-term antipsychotic drug use, or those with more severe NPS at baseline, may benefit behaviourally from continuation of antipsychotics. Discontinuation may reduce agitation for people with mild NPS at baseline. However, these conclusions are based on few studies or small subgroups and further evidence of benefits and harms associated with withdrawal of antipsychotic is required in people with dementia and mild and severe NPS. The overall conclusions of the review have not changed since 2013 and the number of available trials remains low.
- PMID
- Keywords
chlorpromazine
haloperidol
levomepromazine
lorazepam
loxapine
mesoridazine
neuroleptic agent
olanzapine
perphenazine
placebo
risperidone
thioridazine
tiotixene
trifluoperazine
aggression
agitation
akathisia
behavior disorder
blood pressure
body equilibrium
cardiovascular disease
cognition
confusion
dementia
drug fatality
drug megadose
drug response
drug safety
drug withdrawal
extrapyramidal symptom
falling
fracture
heart rate
human
insomnia
long term care
low drug dose
lung disease
mental disease
motor dysfunction
nausea
neurologic disease
nursing home
parkinsonism
physical mobility
primary medical care
priority journal
psychosis
quality of life
relapse
restlessness
review
sedation
side effect
systematic review
tardive dyskinesia
treatment outcome
vomiting
- Page(s)
- Volume
- Issue
- 3
| Title | Authors | Journal | Year | Keywords |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exposure to opioid analgesia in cognitively impaired and delirious elderly hip fracture patients. | Adunsky A, Levy R, Mizrahi E, Arad M | Archives of gerontology and geriatrics | 2002 | |
| Meperidine analgesia and delirium in aged hip fracture patients. | Adunsky A, Levy R, Heim M, Mizrahi E, Arad M | Archives of gerontology and geriatrics | 2002 | |
| Development and validation of a risk-adjustment index for older patients: the high-risk diagnoses for the elderly scale. | Desai MM, Bogardus ST, Williams CS, Vitagliano G, Inouye SK | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 2002 |
Aged, Female, Geriatrics, Health Status Indicators, Humans, Male, Prospective Studies, Risk Adjustment |
| Evaluation of a guided protocol for quality improvement in identifying common geriatric problems. | Bogardus ST, Richardson E, Maciejewski PK, Gahbauer E, Inouye SK | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 2002 |
Aged, Case-Control Studies, Clinical Protocols, Cohort Studies, Connecticut, Female, Geriatric Assessment, Hospitals, University, Humans, Male, Mass Screening, methods, Outpatient Clinics, Hospital, standards, Primary Health Care, Quality Assurance, Health Care |
| A review of physical restraint minimization in the acute and residential care settings. | Evans D, Wood J, Lambert L | Journal of advanced nursing | 2002 |
Accidental Falls, prevention & control, Acute Disease, Aged, Critical Care, methods, Education, Nursing, Continuing, Geriatric Nursing, methods, Health Services Research, Humans, Program Evaluation, Residential Facilities, organization & administration, Restraint, Physical, utilization |
| Delirium superimposed on dementia: a systematic review. | Fick DM, Agostini JV, Inouye SK | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 2002 |
Delirium, complications, Dementia, complications, Hospitalization, Humans, Prevalence, Prognosis, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Research, Risk Factors |
| Iatrogenic causes of falls in hospitalised elderly patients: a case-control study. | Frels C, Williams P, Narayanan S, Gariballa SE | Postgraduate medical journal | 2002 |
Accidental Falls, prevention & control, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anti-Anxiety Agents, adverse effects, Benzodiazepines, Case-Control Studies, England, Female, Geriatric Assessment, Hospitalization, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Odds Ratio, Risk Factors |
| Designing adverse event prevention programs using quality management methods: the case of falls in hospital. | Grenier-Sennelier C, Lombard I, Jeny-Loeper C, Maillet-Gouret MC, Minvielle E | International journal for quality in health care : journal of the International Society for Quality in Health Care / ISQua | 2002 |
Accidental Falls, prevention & control, Aged, Female, France, Health Services Research, Humans, Male, Program Development, Rehabilitation Centers, organization & administration, Risk Management, methods, Total Quality Management, methods |
| A novel approach to the prevention of postoperative delirium in the elderly after gastrointestinal surgery. | Aizawa K, Kanai T, Saikawa Y, Takabayashi T, Kawano Y, Miyazawa N, Yamamoto T | Surgery today | 2002 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Analgesics, Opioid, administration & dosage, Anti-Anxiety Agents, administration & dosage, Delirium, etiology, Diazepam, administration & dosage, Digestive System Surgical Procedures, adverse effects, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Flunitrazepam, administration & dosage, Gastrointestinal Neoplasms, surgery, Humans, Infusions, Intravenous, Injections, Intramuscular, Male, Meperidine, administration & dosage, Postoperative Complications, prevention & control, Premedication, Prospective Studies |
| An open trial of olanzapine for the treatment of delirium in hospitalized cancer patients. | Breitbart W, Tremblay A, Gibson C | Psychosomatics | 2002 |
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Analysis of Variance, Antipsychotic Agents, therapeutic use, Benzodiazepines, Chi-Square Distribution, Delirium, drug therapy, Female, Humans, Inpatients, psychology, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, complications, Pirenzepine, analogs & derivatives, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index |
| Delirium and psychotic symptoms--an integrative model. | Charlton BG, Kavanau JL | Medical hypotheses | 2002 |
Consciousness Disorders, Delirium, physiopathology, Electroconvulsive Therapy, Electroencephalography, Humans, Models, Psychological, Psychotic Disorders, physiopathology |
| Systematic detection and multidisciplinary care of delirium in older medical inpatients: a randomized trial. | Cole MG, McCusker J, Bellavance F, Primeau FJ, Bailey RF, Bonnycastle MJ, Laplante J | CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne | 2002 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Delirium, nursing, Female, Geriatric Assessment, Humans, Male, Patient Care Planning, Patient Care Team, Proportional Hazards Models, Quebec |
| Delirium after coronary bypass surgery evaluated by the organic brain syndrome protocol. | Eriksson M, Samuelsson E, Gustafson Y, Aberg T, Engström KG | Scandinavian cardiovascular journal : SCJ | 2002 |
Aged, Clinical Protocols, Coronary Artery Bypass, adverse effects, Coronary Disease, complications, Delirium, complications, Delirium, Dementia, Amnestic, Cognitive Disorders, complications, Female, Hallucinations, complications, Humans, Intensive Care, Length of Stay, Male, Postoperative Complications, diagnosis, Treatment Outcome |
| Delirium in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. | Fann JR, Roth-Roemer S, Burington BE, Katon WJ, Syrjala KL | Cancer | 2002 |
Adult, Delirium, epidemiology, Female, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, adverse effects, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors |
| Delirium in acute stroke. | Ferro JM, Caeiro L, Verdelho A | Current opinion in neurology | 2002 |
Acute Disease, Delirium, epidemiology, Humans, Risk Factors, Stroke, epidemiology |
| Delirium in patients on hemodialysis therapy. | Fukunishi I, Kitaoka T, Shirai T, Kino K, Kanematsu E, Sato Y | Nephron | 2002 |
Aged, Delirium, epidemiology, Humans, Kidney Failure, Chronic, epidemiology, Prevalence, Renal Dialysis, adverse effects |
| Delirium in advanced cancer: a psychoeducational intervention for family caregivers. | Gagnon P, Charbonneau C, Allard P, Soulard C, Dumont S, Fillion L | Journal of palliative care | 2002 |
Adaptation, Psychological, Aged, Attitude of Health Personnel, Attitude to Health, Caregivers, education, Delirium, etiology, Family, psychology, Female, Focus Groups, Health Education, methods, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Home Nursing, education, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, complications, Pamphlets, Program Evaluation, Qualitative Research, Risk Factors, Teaching Materials, standards, Terminal Care, methods |
| The prevalence and documentation of impaired mental status in elderly emergency department patients. | Hustey FM, Meldon SW | Annals of emergency medicine | 2002 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cognition Disorders, diagnosis, Delirium, diagnosis, Emergency Service, Hospital, Female, Geriatric Assessment, Hospitals, Teaching, Humans, Male, Mental Disorders, diagnosis, Mental Status Schedule, Prevalence, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Urban Population |
| Deciphering the 4 D's: cognitive decline, delirium, depression and dementia--a review. | Insel KC, Badger TA | Journal of advanced nursing | 2002 |
Aged, Cognition Disorders, diagnosis, Delirium, diagnosis, Dementia, diagnosis, Depression, diagnosis, Humans, Task Performance and Analysis |
| Dementia and delirium in 4 patients with Machado-Joseph disease. | Ishikawa A, Yamada M, Makino K, Aida I, Idezuka J, Ikeuchi T, Soma Y, Takahashi H, Tsuji S | Archives of neurology | 2002 |
Delirium, complications, Dementia, complications, Female, Humans, Machado-Joseph Disease, complications, Male, Middle Aged |
| Delirium resulting from paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis caused by Hodgkin's disease. | Kung S, Mueller PS, Geda YE, Krahn LE | Psychosomatics | 2002 |
Delirium, etiology, Female, Hodgkin Disease, complications, Humans, Limbic Encephalitis, complications, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales |
| Anticipating and preventing delirium. | Lampley-Dallas VT | The Journal of the Oklahoma State Medical Association | 2002 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Delirium, diagnosis, Female, Humans, Male |
| Confusion assessment method in the diagnostics of delirium among aged hospital patients: would it serve better in screening than as a diagnostic instrument? | Laurila JV, Pitkala KH, Strandberg TE, Tilvis RS | International journal of geriatric psychiatry | 2002 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Algorithms, Confusion, Cross-Sectional Studies, Delirium, diagnosis, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, standards, Sensitivity and Specificity |
| Delirium and dehydration: some fluid for thought? | Lawlor PG | Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer | 2002 |
Analgesics, Opioid, adverse effects, Dehydration, complications, Delirium, chemically induced, Diagnostic Errors, Family, psychology, Fluid Therapy, Humans, Neoplasms, complications, Palliative Care, methods, Water-Electrolyte Balance, physiology |
| Intractable delirium associated with ziconotide successfully treated with electroconvulsive therapy. | Levin T, Petrides G, Weiner J, Saravay S, Multz AS, Bailine S | Psychosomatics | 2002 |
Adult, Analgesics, adverse effects, Calcium Channel Blockers, adverse effects, Delirium, chemically induced, Electroconvulsive Therapy, Humans, Male, Peripheral Nervous System Diseases, drug therapy, omega-Conotoxins, administration & dosage |
| Delirium predicts 12-month mortality. | McCusker J, Cole M, Abrahamowicz M, Primeau F, Belzile E | Archives of internal medicine | 2002 |
Aged, Confounding Factors (Epidemiology), Delirium, complications, Dementia, complications, Hospitalization, Humans, Mortality, Prognosis, Proportional Hazards Models, Prospective Studies, Severity of Illness Index, Survival Analysis |
| Documentation of delirium in elderly patients with hip fracture. | Milisen K, Foreman MD, Wouters B, Driesen R, Godderis J, Abraham IL, Broos PL | Journal of gerontological nursing | 2002 |
Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Delirium, diagnosis, Documentation, standards, Female, Hip Fractures, classification, Humans, Male, Medical Records, statistics & numerical data, Nursing Records, standards, Postoperative Complications, diagnosis, Retrospective Studies |
| Confusion/delirium following cataract surgery: an incidence study of 1-year duration. | Milstein A, Pollack A, Kleinman G, Barak Y | International psychogeriatrics / IPA | 2002 |
Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cataract Extraction, Confusion, diagnosis, Delirium, diagnosis, Female, Humans, Incidence, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Postoperative Complications, Severity of Illness Index |
| Acute postoperative delirium: definitions, incidence, recognition, and interventions. | O'Brien D | Journal of perianesthesia nursing : official journal of the American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses / American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses | 2002 |
Acute Disease, Delirium, epidemiology, Humans, Incidence, Nursing Assessment, Postanesthesia Nursing, methods |
| Delirium: an important (but often unrecognized) clinical syndrome. | Rabinowitz T | Current psychiatry reports | 2002 |
Delirium, psychology, Humans, Risk Factors |
| Delirium. Pragmatic guidance for managing a common, confounding, and sometimes lethal condition. | Samuels SC, Evers MM | Geriatrics | 2002 |
Aged, Anti-Anxiety Agents, therapeutic use, Antipsychotic Agents, therapeutic use, Delirium, drug therapy, Diagnosis, Differential, Geriatric Assessment, Humans |
| Assessing for delirium. | Schofield I | Nursing older people | 2002 |
Age Factors, Aged, Delirium, diagnosis, Humans |
| Agitated delirium and sudden death. | Vilke GM, Chan TC | Prehospital emergency care : official journal of the National Association of EMS Physicians and the National Association of State EMS Directors | 2002 |
Adult, Asphyxia, etiology, Death, Sudden, etiology, Delirium, complications, Emergency Medical Services, Female, Humans, Immobilization, adverse effects, Male, Middle Aged, Restraint, Physical, United States |
| Confusion assessment method (CAM). | Waszynski CM | Insight (American Society of Ophthalmic Registered Nurses) | 2002 |
Delirium, diagnosis, Humans, Psychological Tests, Reproducibility of Results |
| A case study of postoperative delirium. | Wendel I | AORN journal | 2002 |
Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Delirium, diagnosis, Dementia, complications, Geriatric Assessment, Humans, Male, Nursing Assessment, Operating Room Nursing, methods, Pain, Postoperative, complications, Postoperative Complications, diagnosis, Preoperative Care, Risk Factors |
| Delirium severity and psychomotor types: their relationship with outcomes after hip fracture repair. | Marcantonio E, Ta T, Duthie E, Resnick NM | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 2002 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cohort Studies, Delirium, etiology, Female, Hip Fractures, complications, Humans, Length of Stay, Male, Nursing Homes, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Prospective Studies, Psychomotor Disorders, complications, Recovery of Function, physiology, Severity of Illness Index |
| Symptoms of delirium among elderly medical inpatients with or without dementia. | Cole MG, McCusker J, Dendukuri N, Han L | The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences | 2002 |
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cluster Analysis, Delirium, diagnosis, Dementia, complications, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychomotor Disorders, epidemiology, Severity of Illness Index |
| Cortisol response to surgery and postoperative confusion in depressed patients under general anesthesia with fentanyl. | Kudoh A, Takahira Y, Katagai H, Takazawa T | Neuropsychobiology | 2002 |
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, blood, Adult, Anesthesia, General, adverse effects, Anesthetics, Intravenous, administration & dosage, Case-Control Studies, Confusion, blood, Depressive Disorder, blood, Fentanyl, administration & dosage, Humans, Hydrocortisone, blood, Middle Aged, Narcotics, adverse effects, Orthopedic Procedures, Postoperative Complications, blood, Propofol, adverse effects, Time Factors |
| Schizophrenic patients who develop postoperative confusion have an increased norepinephrine and cortisol response to surgery. | Kudoh A, Takahira Y, Katagai H, Takazawa T | Neuropsychobiology | 2002 |
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, blood, Adult, Aged, Case-Control Studies, Confusion, blood, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, blood, Male, Middle Aged, Norepinephrine, blood, Postoperative Complications, blood, Schizophrenia, blood, Time Factors |
| Anesthesia with ketamine, propofol, and fentanyl decreases the frequency of postoperative psychosis emergence and confusion in schizophrenic patients. | Kudoh A, Katagai H, Takazawa T | Journal of clinical anesthesia | 2002 |
Adult, Aged, Anesthesia, General, Anesthesia, Intravenous, Anesthetics, Dissociative, adverse effects, Anesthetics, Intravenous, Confusion, chemically induced, Female, Fentanyl, Fractures, Bone, surgery, Humans, Ketamine, adverse effects, Male, Middle Aged, Postoperative Complications, psychology, Propofol, Prospective Studies, Psychoses, Substance-Induced, etiology, Schizophrenic Psychology |
| Small-dose ketamine improves the postoperative state of depressed patients. | Kudoh A, Takahira Y, Katagai H, Takazawa T | Anesthesia and analgesia | 2002 |
Adult, Anesthesia, General, Anesthetics, Dissociative, Blood Loss, Surgical, Depressive Disorder, psychology, Female, Humans, Ketamine, Male, Middle Aged, Pain Measurement, Pain, Postoperative, psychology, Postoperative Period, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales |
| Antidepressant treatment for chronic depressed patients should not be discontinued prior to anesthesia. | Kudoh A, Katagai H, Takazawa T | Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthésie | 2002 |
Adult, Anesthesia, Antidepressive Agents, adverse effects, Arrhythmias, Cardiac, epidemiology, Chronic Disease, Confusion, etiology, Depression, drug therapy, Hemodynamics, Humans, Hypotension, epidemiology, Intraoperative Complications, etiology, Middle Aged |
| Preoperative factors associated with postoperative change in confusion assessment method score in hip fracture patients. | Zakriya KJ, Christmas C, Wenz JF, Franckowiak S, Anderson R, Sieber FE | Anesthesia and analgesia | 2002 |
Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Analysis of Variance, Confusion, diagnosis, Female, Hip Fractures, surgery, Humans, Leukocyte Count, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Odds Ratio, Orthopedic Procedures, adverse effects, Postoperative Complications, epidemiology, Preoperative Care, Risk Factors, Sodium, blood |
| Patients with hip fracture: subgroups and their outcomes. | Eastwood EA, Magaziner J, Wang J, Silberzweig SB, Hannan EL, Strauss E, Siu AL | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 2002 |
Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cluster Analysis, Decision Trees, Female, Geriatric Assessment, Hip Fractures, physiopathology, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, New York City, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Prospective Studies, Treatment Outcome |
| Improving medication use in newly admitted home healthcare patients: a randomized controlled trial. | Meredith S, Feldman P, Frey D, Giammarco L, Hall K, Arnold K, Brown NJ, Ray WA | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 2002 |
Aged, Drug Therapy, standards, Follow-Up Studies, Home Care Agencies, Home Care Services, standards, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Outcome Assessment (Health Care) |
| A scale for measuring patient perceptions of the quality of end-of-life care and satisfaction with treatment: the reliability and validity of QUEST. | Sulmasy DP, McIlvane JM, Pasley PM, Rahn M | Journal of pain and symptom management | 2002 |
Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Palliative Care, standards, Patient Satisfaction, Quality Assurance, Health Care, methods, Reproducibility of Results |
| Patients' ratings of quality and satisfaction with care at the end of life. | Sulmasy DP, McIlvane JM | Archives of internal medicine | 2002 |
Academic Medical Centers, standards, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Analysis of Variance, Cross-Sectional Studies, District of Columbia, Female, Hospice Care, psychology, Humans, Internship and Residency, standards, Male, Middle Aged, New York, Nurse-Patient Relations, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Palliative Care, psychology, Patient Satisfaction, Physician-Patient Relations, Quality Assurance, Health Care, Quality of Life, Questionnaires, Resuscitation Orders |
| Antipsychotics and dopamine transporter gene polymorphisms in delirium patients. | Kim JY, Jung IK, Han C, Cho SH, Kim L, Kim SH, Lee BH, Lee HJ, Kim YK | Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences | 2005 |
Adult, Antipsychotic Agents, administration & dosage, Delirium, drug therapy, Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins, Female, Haloperidol, administration & dosage, Humans, Korea, Male, Membrane Glycoproteins, genetics, Membrane Transport Proteins, genetics, Nerve Tissue Proteins, genetics, Polymorphism, Genetic, genetics, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Risperidone, administration & dosage |
| Outcomes of older people admitted to postacute facilities with delirium. | Marcantonio ER, Kiely DK, Simon SE, John Orav E, Jones RN, Murphy KM, Bergmann MA | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 2005 |
Accidental Falls, statistics & numerical data, Acute Disease, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cohort Studies, Comorbidity, Dehydration, epidemiology, Delirium, epidemiology, Female, Heart Failure, epidemiology, Homes for the Aged, statistics & numerical data, Humans, Male, Massachusetts, epidemiology, Nursing Homes, statistics & numerical data, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Pneumonia, epidemiology, Proportional Hazards Models, Skin Diseases, epidemiology, Survival Analysis, Urinary Tract Infections, epidemiology |
| Large-scale implementation of sedation and delirium monitoring in the intensive care unit: a report from two medical centers. | Pun BT, Gordon SM, Peterson JF, Shintani AK, Jackson JC, Foss J, Harding SD, Bernard GR, Dittus RS, Ely EW | Critical care medicine | 2005 |
Adult, Aged, Critical Care, standards, Delirium, nursing, Drug Utilization Review, Female, Guideline Adherence, Hospitals, University, Hospitals, Veterans, Humans, Hypnotics and Sedatives, administration & dosage, Intensive Care Units, standards, Male, Middle Aged, Nursing Assessment, Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care), Prospective Studies, Respiration, Artificial, nursing, Tennessee |
| Prevalence, course, and risk factors for executive impairment in patients hospitalized on a general medicine service. | Schillerstrom JE, Horton MS, Schillerstrom TL, Joshi KG, Earthman BS, Velez AM, Royall DR | Psychosomatics | 2005 |
Cognition Disorders, diagnosis, Female, Hospitalization, Hospitals, General, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Texas, epidemiology |
| Delirium: a process improvement approach to changing prescribing practices in a community teaching hospital. | Pierre JS | Journal of nursing care quality | 2005 |
Aged, Attitude of Health Personnel, Delirium, chemically induced, Drug Prescriptions, standards, Drug Utilization Review, Education, Medical, Continuing, organization & administration, Geriatric Assessment, Geriatrics, education, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Health Services Needs and Demand, Hospitals, Community, Hospitals, Teaching, Humans, Incidence, Medical Staff, Hospital, education, Midwestern United States, epidemiology, Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care), organization & administration, Patient Care Team, organization & administration, Physician’s Practice Patterns, standards, Prevalence, Professional Staff Committees, organization & administration, Risk Factors, Total Quality Management, organization & administration |
| Educational disadvantage impairs functional recovery after hospitalization in older persons. | Chaudhry SI, Friedkin RJ, Horwitz RI, Inouye SK | The American journal of medicine | 2004 |
Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cohort Studies, Data Collection, Educational Status, Female, Geriatric Assessment, Hospitalization, statistics & numerical data, Humans, Male, Multivariate Analysis, Prospective Studies, Recovery of Function |
| Translating research into clinical practice: making change happen. | Bradley EH, Schlesinger M, Webster TR, Baker D, Inouye SK | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 2004 |
Aged, Diffusion of Innovation, Evidence-Based Medicine, Health Services Research, Health Services for the Aged, manpower, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Organizational Innovation, Organizational Objectives, Program Development, Program Evaluation, Quality Assurance, Health Care, United States |
| Prevalence and outcomes of low mobility in hospitalized older patients. | Brown CJ, Friedkin RJ, Inouye SK | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 2004 |
Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Bed Rest, Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Iatrogenic Disease, Inpatients, Locomotion, physiology, Male, Prevalence, Prospective Studies |
| Achieving goals in geriatric assessment: role of caregiver agreement and adherence to recommendations. | Bogardus ST, Bradley EH, Williams CS, Maciejewski PK, Gallo WT, Inouye SK | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 2004 |
Aged, Caregivers, Female, Geriatric Assessment, Goals, Guideline Adherence, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Male, Prospective Studies, Regression Analysis |
| Translating research into practice: speeding the adoption of innovative health care programs. | Bradley EH, Webster TR, Baker D, Schlesinger M, Inouye SK, Barth MC, Lapane KL, Lipson D, Stone R, Koren MJ | Issue brief (Commonwealth Fund) | 2004 |
Decision Making, Organizational, Diffusion of Innovation, Health Services Research, utilization, Humans, Information Dissemination, Interdepartmental Relations, Leadership, Organizational Culture, Research, Time Factors |
| [Incidence and risk factors of delirium after hip surgery]. | Bickel H, Gradinger R, Kochs E, Wagner K, Förstl H | Psychiatrische Praxis | 2004 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anesthesia, General, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip, Comorbidity, Delirium, epidemiology, Female, Hip Fractures, surgery, Humans, Incidence, Male, Middle Aged, Postoperative Complications, epidemiology, Risk Factors |
| Current opinions regarding the importance, diagnosis, and management of delirium in the intensive care unit: a survey of 912 healthcare professionals. | Ely EW, Stephens RK, Jackson JC, Thomason JW, Truman B, Gordon S, Dittus RS, Bernard GR | Critical care medicine | 2004 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Attitude of Health Personnel, Critical Care, standards, Delirium, diagnosis, Female, Health Care Surveys, Humans, Intensive Care Units, standards, Male, Prognosis, Quality of Health Care, Questionnaires, Respiration, Artificial, Risk Assessment, Survival Analysis, Treatment Outcome, United States, epidemiology |
| Costs associated with delirium in mechanically ventilated patients. | Milbrandt EB, Deppen S, Harrison PL, Shintani AK, Speroff T, Stiles RA, Truman B, Bernard GR, Dittus RS, Ely EW | Critical care medicine | 2004 |
APACHE, Adult, Aged, Costs and Cost Analysis, Delirium, economics, Female, Glasgow Coma Scale, Hospital Charges, statistics & numerical data, Hospital Costs, statistics & numerical data, Humans, Intensive Care, economics, Male, Middle Aged, Respiration, Artificial, economics, United States |
| How do delirium and dementia increase length of stay of elderly general medical inpatients? | Saravay SM, Kaplowitz M, Kurek J, Zeman D, Pollack S, Novik S, Knowlton S, Brendel M, Hoffman L | Psychosomatics | 2004 |
Aged, Cognition Disorders, diagnosis, Delirium, complications, Dementia, complications, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Length of Stay, statistics & numerical data, Male, Mental Disorders, etiology, Neuropsychological Tests |
| Drug therapy for delirium in terminally ill patients. | Jackson KC, Lipman AG | The Cochrane database of systematic reviews | 2004 |
Antipsychotic Agents, therapeutic use, Chlorpromazine, therapeutic use, Delirium, drug therapy, Haloperidol, therapeutic use, Humans, Lorazepam, therapeutic use, Terminally Ill, psychology |
| The delirium index, a measure of the severity of delirium: new findings on reliability, validity, and responsiveness. | McCusker J, Cole MG, Dendukuri N, Belzile E | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 2004 |
Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Cognition, Comorbidity, Delirium, classification, Dementia, complications, Female, Humans, Male, Prospective Studies, Reproducibility of Results, Severity of Illness Index |
| Effect of postoperative delirium on outcome after hip fracture. | Edelstein DM, Aharonoff GB, Karp A, Capla EL, Zuckerman JD, Koval KJ | Clinical orthopaedics and related research | 2004 |
Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Analysis of Variance, Cohort Studies, Delirium, epidemiology, Female, Fracture Fixation, Internal, adverse effects, Fracture Healing, physiology, Hip Fractures, diagnosis, Humans, Incidence, Male, Multivariate Analysis, Postoperative Complications, diagnosis, Probability, Prognosis, Retrospective Studies, Risk Assessment, Sex Factors, Survival Analysis |
| Admission characteristics of trauma patients in whom delirium develops. | Blondell RD, Powell GE, Dodds HN, Looney SW, Lukan JK | American journal of surgery | 2004 |
Age Distribution, Case-Control Studies, Critical Care, Delirium, diagnosis, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Incidence, Injury Severity Score, Logistic Models, Male, Multiple Trauma, diagnosis, Odds Ratio, Patient Admission, standards, Predictive Value of Tests, Probability, Prognosis, Risk Assessment, Sex Distribution, Survival Rate, Time Factors, Trauma Centers |
| An approach to drug induced delirium in the elderly. | Alagiakrishnan K, Wiens CA | Postgraduate medical journal | 2004 |
Aged, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, adverse effects, Central Nervous System Agents, adverse effects, Complementary Therapies, adverse effects, Delirium, chemically induced, Disease Susceptibility, Humans, Respiratory System Agents, adverse effects |
| Delirium doulas: an innovative approach to enhance care for critically ill older adults. | Balas MC, Gale M, Kagan SH | Critical care nurse | 2004 |
Aged, Critical Care, methods, Critical Illness, Delirium, nursing, Female, Geriatric Nursing, methods, Humans, Nurse’s Role, Obstetric Nursing, education, Pregnancy, Program Development, Volunteers, organization & administration |
| Delirium symptoms and low dietary intake in older inpatients are independent predictors of institutionalization: a 1-year prospective population-based study. | Bourdel-Marchasson I, Vincent S, Germain C, Salles N, Jenn J, Rasoamanarivo E, Emeriau JP, Rainfray M, Richard-Harston S | The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences | 2004 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Delirium, diagnosis, Female, Geriatric Assessment, Humans, Incidence, Institutionalization, statistics & numerical data, Logistic Models, Male, Nutritional Status, Predictive Value of Tests, Prevalence, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Statistics, Nonparametric |
| Delirium in the first days of acute stroke. | Caeiro L, Ferro JM, Albuquerque R, Figueira ML | Journal of neurology | 2004 |
Acute Disease, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Brain Stem Infarctions, complications, Causality, Cerebral Hemorrhage, complications, Cerebral Infarction, complications, Coronary Disease, complications, Delirium, etiology, Female, Humans, Male, Metabolic Diseases, complications, Middle Aged, Perceptual Disorders, complications, Prospective Studies, Stroke, complications |
| Delirium. | Henderson AS | International psychogeriatrics / IPA | 1991 |
Aged, Delirium, diagnosis, Diagnosis, Differential, Hospitalization, Humans, Risk Factors |
| Delirium in acute stroke: a preliminary study of the role of anticholinergic medications. | Caeiro L, Ferro JM, Claro MI, Coelho J, Albuquerque R, Figueira ML | European journal of neurology : the official journal of the European Federation of Neurological Societies | 2004 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Analysis of Variance, Case-Control Studies, Cerebral Hemorrhage, complications, Cholinergic Antagonists, therapeutic use, Delirium, drug therapy, Female, Humans, Male, Regression Analysis, Retrospective Studies, Stroke, complications, Treatment Outcome |
| Delirium in elderly patients. | Cole MG | The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry | 2004 |
Acute Disease, Aged, Consciousness Disorders, diagnosis, Delirium, diagnosis, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Humans, Incidence, Language Disorders, diagnosis, Mood Disorders, diagnosis, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Sleep Disorders, diagnosis, Social Support, Wakefulness |
| Bioelectrical impedance analysis and other hydration parameters as risk factors for delirium in rural nursing home residents. | Culp KR, Wakefield B, Dyck MJ, Cacchione PZ, DeCrane S, Decker S | The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences | 2004 |
Aged, Dehydration, diagnosis, Delirium, diagnosis, Electric Impedance, Female, Humans, Long-Term Care, Male, Nursing Homes, Risk Factors, Rural Health Services |
| Changes in mental status. | Curtin AJ | Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association | 2004 |
Aged, Delirium, diagnosis, Dementia, diagnosis, Diagnosis, Differential, Geriatric Assessment, Hospitalization, Humans, Podiatry, methods |
| Adding rivastigmine to antipsychotics in the treatment of a chronic delirium. | Dautzenberg PL, Mulder LJ, Olde Rikkert MG, Wouters CJ, Loonen AJ | Age and ageing | 2004 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antipsychotic Agents, administration & dosage, Cholinesterase Inhibitors, administration & dosage, Chronic Disease, Delirium, drug therapy, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Phenylcarbamates, administration & dosage, Retrospective Studies |
| Delirium: behavioural changes before and during the prodromal phase. | Duppils GS, Wikblad K | Journal of clinical nursing | 2004 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anxiety, classification, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip, adverse effects, Case-Control Studies, Chi-Square Distribution, Cognition Disorders, classification, Delirium, classification, Disease Progression, Female, Geriatric Assessment, Hip Fractures, complications, Humans, Male, Mental Disorders, classification, Mental Status Schedule, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index, Statistics, Nonparametric, Time Factors |
| Cognitive function and health-related quality of life after delirium in connection with hip surgery. A six-month follow-up. | Duppils GS, Wikblad K | Orthopedic nursing | 2004 |
Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip, adverse effects, Cognition, Counseling, Delirium, diagnosis, Disease Progression, Family, psychology, Follow-Up Studies, Geriatric Assessment, Health Status, Humans, Mass Screening, Mental Status Schedule, Needs Assessment, Nurse’s Role, Nursing Assessment, Perioperative Care, methods, Quality of Life, Risk Factors, Sweden, epidemiology |
| Evaluation of functional improvement in older patients with cognitive impairment, depression and/or delirium admitted to a geriatric convalescence hospitalization unit. | Esperanza A, Miralles R, Rius I, Fernandez B, Digón A, Arranz P, Gonzalez P, Raja Y, Serrano P, Zafra M, Vazquez O, Gili P, Cervera AM | Archives of gerontology and geriatrics. Supplement | 2004 |
Aged, Cognition Disorders, diagnosis, Comorbidity, Convalescence, Delirium, epidemiology, Depression, epidemiology, Female, Health Services for the Aged, utilization, Health Status, Hospitalization, statistics & numerical data, Humans, Institutionalization, statistics & numerical data, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Patient Discharge, statistics & numerical data, Prevalence, Severity of Illness Index |
| Delirium in palliative care. | Friedlander MM, Brayman Y, Breitbart WS | Oncology (Williston Park, N.Y.) | 2004 |
Antidepressive Agents, therapeutic use, Antipsychotic Agents, therapeutic use, Bipolar Disorder, diagnosis, Delirium, diagnosis, Dementia, diagnosis, Depression, diagnosis, Diagnosis, Differential, Humans, Neoplasms, complications, Palliative Care, methods, Severity of Illness Index, Terminally Ill |
| Dehydration and delirium--not a simple relationship. | George J, Rockwood K | The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences | 2004 |
Aged, Dehydration, physiopathology, Delirium, etiology, Humans |
| Instrument for detection of delirium in general hospitals: adaptation of the confusion assessment method. | González M, de Pablo J, Fuente E, Valdés M, Peri JM, Nomdedeu M, Matrai S | Psychosomatics | 2004 |
Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Confusion, diagnosis, Delirium, diagnosis, Female, Hospitals, General, Humans, Male, Mass Screening, methods, Middle Aged, Questionnaires, Sensitivity and Specificity |
| A double-blind trial of risperidone and haloperidol for the treatment of delirium. | Han CS, Kim YK | Psychosomatics | 2004 |
Aged, Analysis of Variance, Antipsychotic Agents, therapeutic use, Delirium, drug therapy, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Double-Blind Method, Female, Haloperidol, therapeutic use, Humans, Male, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Risperidone, therapeutic use, Severity of Illness Index, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome |
| Delirium in the acute care setting. | Hanley C | Medsurg nursing : official journal of the Academy of Medical-Surgical Nurses | 2004 |
Aged, Delirium, diagnosis, Dementia, diagnosis, Depression, diagnosis, Diagnosis, Differential, Humans, Nursing Care, Patient Care, methods |
| A practical program for preventing delirium in hospitalized elderly patients. | Inouye SK | Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine | 2004 |
Aged, psychology, Delirium, etiology, Female, Humans, Inpatients, psychology, Risk Factors |
| Low incidence of delirium in very old patients after surgery for hip fractures. | Kagansky N, Rimon E, Naor S, Dvornikov E, Cojocaru L, Levy S | The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry | 2004 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cognition Disorders, diagnosis, Cohort Studies, Delirium, epidemiology, Demography, Female, Hip Fractures, surgery, Humans, Incidence, Male, Postoperative Period, Prospective Studies, Questionnaires, Socioeconomic Factors |
| Characteristics associated with delirium persistence among newly admitted post-acute facility patients. | Kiely DK, Bergmann MA, Jones RN, Murphy KM, Orav EJ, Marcantonio ER | The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences | 2004 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Boston, epidemiology, Chi-Square Distribution, Delirium, complications, Female, Humans, Incidence, Logistic Models, Male, Prevalence, Skilled Nursing Facilities |
| Delirium and sedation. | Kress JP, Hall JB | Critical care clinics | 2004 |
Algorithms, Analgesia, methods, Anxiety, etiology, Clinical Protocols, Communication, Conscious Sedation, methods, Decision Trees, Delirium, diagnosis, Drug Monitoring, methods, Goals, Humans, Intensive Care, methods, Organizational Innovation, Patient Care Planning, organization & administration, Quality Assurance, Health Care, organization & administration, Terminal Care, methods |
| Delirium among patients with and without dementia: does the diagnosis according to the DSM-IV differ from the previous classifications? | Laurila JV, Pitkala KH, Strandberg TE, Tilvis RS | International journal of geriatric psychiatry | 2004 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cross-Sectional Studies, Delirium, classification, Dementia, psychology, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Female, Finland, epidemiology, Geriatric Assessment, Hospitals, Humans, Male, Nursing Homes, Sensitivity and Specificity |
| Impact of different diagnostic criteria on prognosis of delirium: a prospective study. | Laurila JV, Pitkala KH, Strandberg TE, Tilvis RS | Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders | 2004 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Delirium, diagnosis, Diagnosis, Differential, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Female, Humans, Male, Predictive Value of Tests, Prevalence, Prognosis, Prospective Studies, Severity of Illness Index |
| Detection and documentation of dementia and delirium in acute geriatric wards. | Laurila JV, Pitkala KH, Strandberg TE, Tilvis RS | General hospital psychiatry | 2004 |
Acute Disease, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cognition Disorders, diagnosis, Delirium, diagnosis, Dementia, diagnosis, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Documentation, methods, Female, Health Services for the Aged, standards, Hospital Departments, Humans, Male, Neuropsychological Tests |
| Efficacy of risperidone in treating the hyperactive symptoms of delirium. | Liu CY, Juang YY, Liang HY, Lin NC, Yeh EK | International clinical psychopharmacology | 2004 |
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antipsychotic Agents, administration & dosage, Delirium, drug therapy, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Haloperidol, therapeutic use, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychomotor Agitation, drug therapy, Retrospective Studies, Risperidone, administration & dosage, Severity of Illness Index, Treatment Outcome |
| End-of-life care: issues relevant to the geriatric psychiatrist. | Lyness JM | The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry | 2004 |
Affect, Aged, Analgesics, therapeutic use, Chronic Disease, Decision Making, Delirium, psychology, Dementia, complications, Depression, psychology, Geriatric Psychiatry, methods, Health Status, Humans, Pain, complications, Pain Management, Pain Measurement, Palliative Care, methods, Periodicity, Psychotherapy, methods, Quality of Life, Stress, Psychological, Terminal Care, methods, United States |
| Early detection of postoperative delirium and confusion in a surgical ward using the NEECHAM confusion scale. | Matsushita T, Matsushima E, Maruyama M | General hospital psychiatry | 2004 |
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Confusion, diagnosis, Delirium, diagnosis, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Postoperative Complications, diagnosis, Surgery Department, Hospital, organization & administration |
| Elder care supportive interventions protocol: reducing discomfort in confused, hospitalized older adults. | Miller J, Campbell J, Moore K, Schofield A | Journal of gerontological nursing | 2004 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Delirium, nursing, Dementia, nursing, Female, Frail Elderly, Geriatric Nursing, education, Humans, Male, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Patient Care Planning, United States |
| Cholinesterase inhibition as a possible therapy for delirium in vascular dementia: a controlled, open 24-month study of 246 patients. | Moretti R, Torre P, Antonello RM, Cattaruzza T, Cazzato G | American journal of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias | 2004 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antihypertensive Agents, therapeutic use, Cholinesterase Inhibitors, therapeutic use, Delirium, drug therapy, Dementia, Vascular, complications, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Hypertension, drug therapy, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Phenylcarbamates, therapeutic use |
| Applied neuroscience in the study of delirium: the classic work of Engel and Romano. | Neylan TC | The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences | 2004 |
Brain, physiopathology, Brain Chemistry, physiology, Delirium, metabolism, Humans, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales |
| A pilot trial of quetiapine for the treatment of patients with delirium. | Pae CU, Lee SJ, Lee CU, Lee C, Paik IH | Human psychopharmacology | 2004 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Delirium, drug therapy, Dibenzothiazepines, therapeutic use, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pilot Projects, Prospective Studies, Statistics, Nonparametric |
| Prevalence of delirium in a geriatric convalescence hospitalization unit: patient's clinical characteristics and risk precipitating factor analysis. | Pi-Figueras M, Aguilera A, Arellano M, Miralles R, Garcia-Caselles P, Torres R, Cervera AM | Archives of gerontology and geriatrics. Supplement | 2004 |
Aged, Cognition Disorders, diagnosis, Convalescence, Delirium, drug therapy, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Health Status, Hospital Departments, Hospitalization, statistics & numerical data, Humans, Intensive Care Units, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Prevalence, Psychotropic Drugs, therapeutic use, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index |
| Acute delirium associated with combined diphenhydramine and linezolid use. | Serio RN | The Annals of pharmacotherapy | 2004 |
Acetamides, administration & dosage, Acute Disease, Delirium, chemically induced, Diphenhydramine, administration & dosage, Drug Combinations, Drug Interactions, Duty to Warn, Hallucinations, chemically induced, Humans, Injections, Intravenous, Male, Middle Aged, Oxazolidinones, administration & dosage, Pruritus, drug therapy, Risperidone, administration & dosage, Time Factors, Vancomycin, administration & dosage |
| Factors associated with postoperative delirium after major head and neck surgery. | Wang SG, Lee UJ, Goh EK, Chon KM | The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology | 2004 |
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Delirium, etiology, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures, adverse effects, Postoperative Complications, Risk Factors |