Delirium Bibliography

Delirium Bibliography books graphicWhat is the Delirium Bibliography? The searchable Delirium Bibliography page is one of our most popular features, allowing you to quickly gain access to the literature on delirium and acute care of older persons. It is primarily intended for clinicians and researchers interested in exploring these topics. The NIDUS team keeps it updated for you on a monthly basis!

How to Search for Articles: Search by author, title, year, and/or keywords. Each article is indexed by keywords taken from MEDLINE and other relevant databases. Click on the title of the article to read the abstract, journal, etc.

Reference Information

Title
Preventing Postoperative Delirium After Major Noncardiac Thoracic Surgery-A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Authors
Khan, B. A. Perkins, A. J. Campbell, N. L. Gao, S. Khan, S. H. Wang, S. Fuchita, M. Weber, D. J. Zarzaur, B. L. Boustani, M. A. Kesler, K.
Year
2018
Journal
J Am Geriatr Soc
Abstract

OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy of haloperidol in reducing postoperative delirium in individuals undergoing thoracic surgery. DESIGN: Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. SETTING: Surgical intensive care unit (ICU) of tertiary care center. PARTICIPANTS: Individuals undergoing thoracic surgery (N=135). INTERVENTION: Low-dose intravenous haloperidol (0.5 mg three times daily for a total of 11 doses) administered postoperatively. MEASUREMENTS: The primary outcome was delirium incidence during hospitalization. Secondary outcomes were time to delirium, delirium duration, delirium severity, and ICU and hospital length of stay. Delirium was assessed using the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU and delirium severity using the Delirium Rating Scale-Revised. RESULTS: Sixty-eight participants were randomized to receive haloperidol and 67 placebo. No significant differences were observed between those receiving haloperidol and those receiving placebo in incident delirium (n=15 (22.1%) vs n=19 (28.4%); p = .43), time to delirium (p = .43), delirium duration (median 1 day, interquartile range (IQR) 1-2 days vs median 1 day, IQR 1-2 days; p = .71), delirium severity, ICU length of stay (median 2.2 days, IQR 1-3.3 days vs median 2.3 days, IQR 1-4 days; p = .29), or hospital length of stay (median 10 days, IQR 8-11.5 days vs median 10 days, IQR 8-12 days; p = .41). In the esophagectomy subgroup (n = 84), the haloperidol group was less likely to experience incident delirium (n=10 (23.8%) vs n=17 (40.5%); p = .16). There were no differences in time to delirium (p = .14), delirium duration (median 1 day, IQR 1-2 days vs median 1 day, IQR 1-2 days; p = .71), delirium severity, or hospital length of stay (median 11 days, IQR 10-12 days vs median days 11, IQR 10-15 days; p = .26). ICU length of stay was significantly shorter in the haloperidol group (median 2.8 days, IQR 1.1-3.8 days vs median 3.1 days, IQR 2.1-5.1 days; p = .03). Safety events were comparable between the groups. CONCLUSION: Low-dose postoperative haloperidol did not reduce delirium in individuals undergoing thoracic surgery but may be efficacious in those undergoing esophagectomy. J Am Geriatr Soc 66:2289-2297, 2018.

PMID

30460981

Keywords

Icu
cognition
delirium
esophagectomy
haloperidol

Page(s)
2289-97
Issue
12

Search:
Total Records Found: 6347, showing 100 per page
TitleAuthorsJournalYearKeywords
Deciphering the 4 D's: cognitive decline, delirium, depression and dementia--a review. Insel KC, Badger TA Journal of advanced nursing 2002

Aged, Cognition Disorders, diagnosis, Delirium, diagnosis, Dementia, diagnosis, Depression, diagnosis, Humans, Task Performance and Analysis

Dementia and delirium in 4 patients with Machado-Joseph disease. Ishikawa A, Yamada M, Makino K, Aida I, Idezuka J, Ikeuchi T, Soma Y, Takahashi H, Tsuji S Archives of neurology 2002

Delirium, complications, Dementia, complications, Female, Humans, Machado-Joseph Disease, complications, Male, Middle Aged

Delirium resulting from paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis caused by Hodgkin's disease. Kung S, Mueller PS, Geda YE, Krahn LE Psychosomatics 2002

Delirium, etiology, Female, Hodgkin Disease, complications, Humans, Limbic Encephalitis, complications, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales

Anticipating and preventing delirium. Lampley-Dallas VT The Journal of the Oklahoma State Medical Association 2002

Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Delirium, diagnosis, Female, Humans, Male

Confusion assessment method in the diagnostics of delirium among aged hospital patients: would it serve better in screening than as a diagnostic instrument? Laurila JV, Pitkala KH, Strandberg TE, Tilvis RS International journal of geriatric psychiatry 2002

Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Algorithms, Confusion, Cross-Sectional Studies, Delirium, diagnosis, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, standards, Sensitivity and Specificity

Delirium and dehydration: some fluid for thought? Lawlor PG Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer 2002

Analgesics, Opioid, adverse effects, Dehydration, complications, Delirium, chemically induced, Diagnostic Errors, Family, psychology, Fluid Therapy, Humans, Neoplasms, complications, Palliative Care, methods, Water-Electrolyte Balance, physiology

Intractable delirium associated with ziconotide successfully treated with electroconvulsive therapy. Levin T, Petrides G, Weiner J, Saravay S, Multz AS, Bailine S Psychosomatics 2002

Adult, Analgesics, adverse effects, Calcium Channel Blockers, adverse effects, Delirium, chemically induced, Electroconvulsive Therapy, Humans, Male, Peripheral Nervous System Diseases, drug therapy, omega-Conotoxins, administration & dosage

Delirium predicts 12-month mortality. McCusker J, Cole M, Abrahamowicz M, Primeau F, Belzile E Archives of internal medicine 2002

Aged, Confounding Factors (Epidemiology), Delirium, complications, Dementia, complications, Hospitalization, Humans, Mortality, Prognosis, Proportional Hazards Models, Prospective Studies, Severity of Illness Index, Survival Analysis

Documentation of delirium in elderly patients with hip fracture. Milisen K, Foreman MD, Wouters B, Driesen R, Godderis J, Abraham IL, Broos PL Journal of gerontological nursing 2002

Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Delirium, diagnosis, Documentation, standards, Female, Hip Fractures, classification, Humans, Male, Medical Records, statistics & numerical data, Nursing Records, standards, Postoperative Complications, diagnosis, Retrospective Studies

Confusion/delirium following cataract surgery: an incidence study of 1-year duration. Milstein A, Pollack A, Kleinman G, Barak Y International psychogeriatrics / IPA 2002

Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cataract Extraction, Confusion, diagnosis, Delirium, diagnosis, Female, Humans, Incidence, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Postoperative Complications, Severity of Illness Index

Acute postoperative delirium: definitions, incidence, recognition, and interventions. O'Brien D Journal of perianesthesia nursing : official journal of the American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses / American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses 2002

Acute Disease, Delirium, epidemiology, Humans, Incidence, Nursing Assessment, Postanesthesia Nursing, methods

Delirium: an important (but often unrecognized) clinical syndrome. Rabinowitz T Current psychiatry reports 2002

Delirium, psychology, Humans, Risk Factors

Delirium. Pragmatic guidance for managing a common, confounding, and sometimes lethal condition. Samuels SC, Evers MM Geriatrics 2002

Aged, Anti-Anxiety Agents, therapeutic use, Antipsychotic Agents, therapeutic use, Delirium, drug therapy, Diagnosis, Differential, Geriatric Assessment, Humans

Assessing for delirium. Schofield I Nursing older people 2002

Age Factors, Aged, Delirium, diagnosis, Humans

Agitated delirium and sudden death. Vilke GM, Chan TC Prehospital emergency care : official journal of the National Association of EMS Physicians and the National Association of State EMS Directors 2002

Adult, Asphyxia, etiology, Death, Sudden, etiology, Delirium, complications, Emergency Medical Services, Female, Humans, Immobilization, adverse effects, Male, Middle Aged, Restraint, Physical, United States

Confusion assessment method (CAM). Waszynski CM Insight (American Society of Ophthalmic Registered Nurses) 2002

Delirium, diagnosis, Humans, Psychological Tests, Reproducibility of Results

A case study of postoperative delirium. Wendel I AORN journal 2002

Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Delirium, diagnosis, Dementia, complications, Geriatric Assessment, Humans, Male, Nursing Assessment, Operating Room Nursing, methods, Pain, Postoperative, complications, Postoperative Complications, diagnosis, Preoperative Care, Risk Factors

Delirium severity and psychomotor types: their relationship with outcomes after hip fracture repair. Marcantonio E, Ta T, Duthie E, Resnick NM Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2002

Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cohort Studies, Delirium, etiology, Female, Hip Fractures, complications, Humans, Length of Stay, Male, Nursing Homes, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Prospective Studies, Psychomotor Disorders, complications, Recovery of Function, physiology, Severity of Illness Index

Symptoms of delirium among elderly medical inpatients with or without dementia. Cole MG, McCusker J, Dendukuri N, Han L The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences 2002

Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cluster Analysis, Delirium, diagnosis, Dementia, complications, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychomotor Disorders, epidemiology, Severity of Illness Index

Cortisol response to surgery and postoperative confusion in depressed patients under general anesthesia with fentanyl. Kudoh A, Takahira Y, Katagai H, Takazawa T Neuropsychobiology 2002

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, blood, Adult, Anesthesia, General, adverse effects, Anesthetics, Intravenous, administration & dosage, Case-Control Studies, Confusion, blood, Depressive Disorder, blood, Fentanyl, administration & dosage, Humans, Hydrocortisone, blood, Middle Aged, Narcotics, adverse effects, Orthopedic Procedures, Postoperative Complications, blood, Propofol, adverse effects, Time Factors

Schizophrenic patients who develop postoperative confusion have an increased norepinephrine and cortisol response to surgery. Kudoh A, Takahira Y, Katagai H, Takazawa T Neuropsychobiology 2002

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, blood, Adult, Aged, Case-Control Studies, Confusion, blood, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, blood, Male, Middle Aged, Norepinephrine, blood, Postoperative Complications, blood, Schizophrenia, blood, Time Factors

Anesthesia with ketamine, propofol, and fentanyl decreases the frequency of postoperative psychosis emergence and confusion in schizophrenic patients. Kudoh A, Katagai H, Takazawa T Journal of clinical anesthesia 2002

Adult, Aged, Anesthesia, General, Anesthesia, Intravenous, Anesthetics, Dissociative, adverse effects, Anesthetics, Intravenous, Confusion, chemically induced, Female, Fentanyl, Fractures, Bone, surgery, Humans, Ketamine, adverse effects, Male, Middle Aged, Postoperative Complications, psychology, Propofol, Prospective Studies, Psychoses, Substance-Induced, etiology, Schizophrenic Psychology

Small-dose ketamine improves the postoperative state of depressed patients. Kudoh A, Takahira Y, Katagai H, Takazawa T Anesthesia and analgesia 2002

Adult, Anesthesia, General, Anesthetics, Dissociative, Blood Loss, Surgical, Depressive Disorder, psychology, Female, Humans, Ketamine, Male, Middle Aged, Pain Measurement, Pain, Postoperative, psychology, Postoperative Period, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales

Antidepressant treatment for chronic depressed patients should not be discontinued prior to anesthesia. Kudoh A, Katagai H, Takazawa T Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthésie 2002

Adult, Anesthesia, Antidepressive Agents, adverse effects, Arrhythmias, Cardiac, epidemiology, Chronic Disease, Confusion, etiology, Depression, drug therapy, Hemodynamics, Humans, Hypotension, epidemiology, Intraoperative Complications, etiology, Middle Aged

Preoperative factors associated with postoperative change in confusion assessment method score in hip fracture patients. Zakriya KJ, Christmas C, Wenz JF, Franckowiak S, Anderson R, Sieber FE Anesthesia and analgesia 2002

Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Analysis of Variance, Confusion, diagnosis, Female, Hip Fractures, surgery, Humans, Leukocyte Count, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Odds Ratio, Orthopedic Procedures, adverse effects, Postoperative Complications, epidemiology, Preoperative Care, Risk Factors, Sodium, blood

Patients with hip fracture: subgroups and their outcomes. Eastwood EA, Magaziner J, Wang J, Silberzweig SB, Hannan EL, Strauss E, Siu AL Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2002

Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cluster Analysis, Decision Trees, Female, Geriatric Assessment, Hip Fractures, physiopathology, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, New York City, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Prospective Studies, Treatment Outcome

Improving medication use in newly admitted home healthcare patients: a randomized controlled trial. Meredith S, Feldman P, Frey D, Giammarco L, Hall K, Arnold K, Brown NJ, Ray WA Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2002

Aged, Drug Therapy, standards, Follow-Up Studies, Home Care Agencies, Home Care Services, standards, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Outcome Assessment (Health Care)

A scale for measuring patient perceptions of the quality of end-of-life care and satisfaction with treatment: the reliability and validity of QUEST. Sulmasy DP, McIlvane JM, Pasley PM, Rahn M Journal of pain and symptom management 2002

Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Palliative Care, standards, Patient Satisfaction, Quality Assurance, Health Care, methods, Reproducibility of Results

Patients' ratings of quality and satisfaction with care at the end of life. Sulmasy DP, McIlvane JM Archives of internal medicine 2002

Academic Medical Centers, standards, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Analysis of Variance, Cross-Sectional Studies, District of Columbia, Female, Hospice Care, psychology, Humans, Internship and Residency, standards, Male, Middle Aged, New York, Nurse-Patient Relations, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Palliative Care, psychology, Patient Satisfaction, Physician-Patient Relations, Quality Assurance, Health Care, Quality of Life, Questionnaires, Resuscitation Orders

Antipsychotics and dopamine transporter gene polymorphisms in delirium patients. Kim JY, Jung IK, Han C, Cho SH, Kim L, Kim SH, Lee BH, Lee HJ, Kim YK Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences 2005

Adult, Antipsychotic Agents, administration & dosage, Delirium, drug therapy, Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins, Female, Haloperidol, administration & dosage, Humans, Korea, Male, Membrane Glycoproteins, genetics, Membrane Transport Proteins, genetics, Nerve Tissue Proteins, genetics, Polymorphism, Genetic, genetics, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Risperidone, administration & dosage

Outcomes of older people admitted to postacute facilities with delirium. Marcantonio ER, Kiely DK, Simon SE, John Orav E, Jones RN, Murphy KM, Bergmann MA Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2005

Accidental Falls, statistics & numerical data, Acute Disease, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cohort Studies, Comorbidity, Dehydration, epidemiology, Delirium, epidemiology, Female, Heart Failure, epidemiology, Homes for the Aged, statistics & numerical data, Humans, Male, Massachusetts, epidemiology, Nursing Homes, statistics & numerical data, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Pneumonia, epidemiology, Proportional Hazards Models, Skin Diseases, epidemiology, Survival Analysis, Urinary Tract Infections, epidemiology

Large-scale implementation of sedation and delirium monitoring in the intensive care unit: a report from two medical centers. Pun BT, Gordon SM, Peterson JF, Shintani AK, Jackson JC, Foss J, Harding SD, Bernard GR, Dittus RS, Ely EW Critical care medicine 2005

Adult, Aged, Critical Care, standards, Delirium, nursing, Drug Utilization Review, Female, Guideline Adherence, Hospitals, University, Hospitals, Veterans, Humans, Hypnotics and Sedatives, administration & dosage, Intensive Care Units, standards, Male, Middle Aged, Nursing Assessment, Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care), Prospective Studies, Respiration, Artificial, nursing, Tennessee

Prevalence, course, and risk factors for executive impairment in patients hospitalized on a general medicine service. Schillerstrom JE, Horton MS, Schillerstrom TL, Joshi KG, Earthman BS, Velez AM, Royall DR Psychosomatics 2005

Cognition Disorders, diagnosis, Female, Hospitalization, Hospitals, General, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Texas, epidemiology

Delirium: a process improvement approach to changing prescribing practices in a community teaching hospital. Pierre JS Journal of nursing care quality 2005

Aged, Attitude of Health Personnel, Delirium, chemically induced, Drug Prescriptions, standards, Drug Utilization Review, Education, Medical, Continuing, organization & administration, Geriatric Assessment, Geriatrics, education, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Health Services Needs and Demand, Hospitals, Community, Hospitals, Teaching, Humans, Incidence, Medical Staff, Hospital, education, Midwestern United States, epidemiology, Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care), organization & administration, Patient Care Team, organization & administration, Physician’s Practice Patterns, standards, Prevalence, Professional Staff Committees, organization & administration, Risk Factors, Total Quality Management, organization & administration

Educational disadvantage impairs functional recovery after hospitalization in older persons. Chaudhry SI, Friedkin RJ, Horwitz RI, Inouye SK The American journal of medicine 2004

Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cohort Studies, Data Collection, Educational Status, Female, Geriatric Assessment, Hospitalization, statistics & numerical data, Humans, Male, Multivariate Analysis, Prospective Studies, Recovery of Function

Translating research into clinical practice: making change happen. Bradley EH, Schlesinger M, Webster TR, Baker D, Inouye SK Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2004

Aged, Diffusion of Innovation, Evidence-Based Medicine, Health Services Research, Health Services for the Aged, manpower, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Organizational Innovation, Organizational Objectives, Program Development, Program Evaluation, Quality Assurance, Health Care, United States

Prevalence and outcomes of low mobility in hospitalized older patients. Brown CJ, Friedkin RJ, Inouye SK Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2004

Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Bed Rest, Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Iatrogenic Disease, Inpatients, Locomotion, physiology, Male, Prevalence, Prospective Studies

Achieving goals in geriatric assessment: role of caregiver agreement and adherence to recommendations. Bogardus ST, Bradley EH, Williams CS, Maciejewski PK, Gallo WT, Inouye SK Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2004

Aged, Caregivers, Female, Geriatric Assessment, Goals, Guideline Adherence, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Male, Prospective Studies, Regression Analysis

Translating research into practice: speeding the adoption of innovative health care programs. Bradley EH, Webster TR, Baker D, Schlesinger M, Inouye SK, Barth MC, Lapane KL, Lipson D, Stone R, Koren MJ Issue brief (Commonwealth Fund) 2004

Decision Making, Organizational, Diffusion of Innovation, Health Services Research, utilization, Humans, Information Dissemination, Interdepartmental Relations, Leadership, Organizational Culture, Research, Time Factors

[Incidence and risk factors of delirium after hip surgery]. Bickel H, Gradinger R, Kochs E, Wagner K, Förstl H Psychiatrische Praxis 2004

Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anesthesia, General, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip, Comorbidity, Delirium, epidemiology, Female, Hip Fractures, surgery, Humans, Incidence, Male, Middle Aged, Postoperative Complications, epidemiology, Risk Factors

Current opinions regarding the importance, diagnosis, and management of delirium in the intensive care unit: a survey of 912 healthcare professionals. Ely EW, Stephens RK, Jackson JC, Thomason JW, Truman B, Gordon S, Dittus RS, Bernard GR Critical care medicine 2004

Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Attitude of Health Personnel, Critical Care, standards, Delirium, diagnosis, Female, Health Care Surveys, Humans, Intensive Care Units, standards, Male, Prognosis, Quality of Health Care, Questionnaires, Respiration, Artificial, Risk Assessment, Survival Analysis, Treatment Outcome, United States, epidemiology

Costs associated with delirium in mechanically ventilated patients. Milbrandt EB, Deppen S, Harrison PL, Shintani AK, Speroff T, Stiles RA, Truman B, Bernard GR, Dittus RS, Ely EW Critical care medicine 2004

APACHE, Adult, Aged, Costs and Cost Analysis, Delirium, economics, Female, Glasgow Coma Scale, Hospital Charges, statistics & numerical data, Hospital Costs, statistics & numerical data, Humans, Intensive Care, economics, Male, Middle Aged, Respiration, Artificial, economics, United States

How do delirium and dementia increase length of stay of elderly general medical inpatients? Saravay SM, Kaplowitz M, Kurek J, Zeman D, Pollack S, Novik S, Knowlton S, Brendel M, Hoffman L Psychosomatics 2004

Aged, Cognition Disorders, diagnosis, Delirium, complications, Dementia, complications, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Length of Stay, statistics & numerical data, Male, Mental Disorders, etiology, Neuropsychological Tests

Drug therapy for delirium in terminally ill patients. Jackson KC, Lipman AG The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2004

Antipsychotic Agents, therapeutic use, Chlorpromazine, therapeutic use, Delirium, drug therapy, Haloperidol, therapeutic use, Humans, Lorazepam, therapeutic use, Terminally Ill, psychology

The delirium index, a measure of the severity of delirium: new findings on reliability, validity, and responsiveness. McCusker J, Cole MG, Dendukuri N, Belzile E Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2004

Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Cognition, Comorbidity, Delirium, classification, Dementia, complications, Female, Humans, Male, Prospective Studies, Reproducibility of Results, Severity of Illness Index

Effect of postoperative delirium on outcome after hip fracture. Edelstein DM, Aharonoff GB, Karp A, Capla EL, Zuckerman JD, Koval KJ Clinical orthopaedics and related research 2004

Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Analysis of Variance, Cohort Studies, Delirium, epidemiology, Female, Fracture Fixation, Internal, adverse effects, Fracture Healing, physiology, Hip Fractures, diagnosis, Humans, Incidence, Male, Multivariate Analysis, Postoperative Complications, diagnosis, Probability, Prognosis, Retrospective Studies, Risk Assessment, Sex Factors, Survival Analysis

Admission characteristics of trauma patients in whom delirium develops. Blondell RD, Powell GE, Dodds HN, Looney SW, Lukan JK American journal of surgery 2004

Age Distribution, Case-Control Studies, Critical Care, Delirium, diagnosis, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Incidence, Injury Severity Score, Logistic Models, Male, Multiple Trauma, diagnosis, Odds Ratio, Patient Admission, standards, Predictive Value of Tests, Probability, Prognosis, Risk Assessment, Sex Distribution, Survival Rate, Time Factors, Trauma Centers

An approach to drug induced delirium in the elderly. Alagiakrishnan K, Wiens CA Postgraduate medical journal 2004

Aged, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, adverse effects, Central Nervous System Agents, adverse effects, Complementary Therapies, adverse effects, Delirium, chemically induced, Disease Susceptibility, Humans, Respiratory System Agents, adverse effects

Delirium doulas: an innovative approach to enhance care for critically ill older adults. Balas MC, Gale M, Kagan SH Critical care nurse 2004

Aged, Critical Care, methods, Critical Illness, Delirium, nursing, Female, Geriatric Nursing, methods, Humans, Nurse’s Role, Obstetric Nursing, education, Pregnancy, Program Development, Volunteers, organization & administration

Delirium symptoms and low dietary intake in older inpatients are independent predictors of institutionalization: a 1-year prospective population-based study. Bourdel-Marchasson I, Vincent S, Germain C, Salles N, Jenn J, Rasoamanarivo E, Emeriau JP, Rainfray M, Richard-Harston S The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences 2004

Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Delirium, diagnosis, Female, Geriatric Assessment, Humans, Incidence, Institutionalization, statistics & numerical data, Logistic Models, Male, Nutritional Status, Predictive Value of Tests, Prevalence, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Statistics, Nonparametric

Delirium in the first days of acute stroke. Caeiro L, Ferro JM, Albuquerque R, Figueira ML Journal of neurology 2004

Acute Disease, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Brain Stem Infarctions, complications, Causality, Cerebral Hemorrhage, complications, Cerebral Infarction, complications, Coronary Disease, complications, Delirium, etiology, Female, Humans, Male, Metabolic Diseases, complications, Middle Aged, Perceptual Disorders, complications, Prospective Studies, Stroke, complications

Delirium. Henderson AS International psychogeriatrics / IPA 1991

Aged, Delirium, diagnosis, Diagnosis, Differential, Hospitalization, Humans, Risk Factors

Delirium in acute stroke: a preliminary study of the role of anticholinergic medications. Caeiro L, Ferro JM, Claro MI, Coelho J, Albuquerque R, Figueira ML European journal of neurology : the official journal of the European Federation of Neurological Societies 2004

Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Analysis of Variance, Case-Control Studies, Cerebral Hemorrhage, complications, Cholinergic Antagonists, therapeutic use, Delirium, drug therapy, Female, Humans, Male, Regression Analysis, Retrospective Studies, Stroke, complications, Treatment Outcome

Delirium in elderly patients. Cole MG The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry 2004

Acute Disease, Aged, Consciousness Disorders, diagnosis, Delirium, diagnosis, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Humans, Incidence, Language Disorders, diagnosis, Mood Disorders, diagnosis, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Sleep Disorders, diagnosis, Social Support, Wakefulness

Bioelectrical impedance analysis and other hydration parameters as risk factors for delirium in rural nursing home residents. Culp KR, Wakefield B, Dyck MJ, Cacchione PZ, DeCrane S, Decker S The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences 2004

Aged, Dehydration, diagnosis, Delirium, diagnosis, Electric Impedance, Female, Humans, Long-Term Care, Male, Nursing Homes, Risk Factors, Rural Health Services

Changes in mental status. Curtin AJ Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 2004

Aged, Delirium, diagnosis, Dementia, diagnosis, Diagnosis, Differential, Geriatric Assessment, Hospitalization, Humans, Podiatry, methods

Adding rivastigmine to antipsychotics in the treatment of a chronic delirium. Dautzenberg PL, Mulder LJ, Olde Rikkert MG, Wouters CJ, Loonen AJ Age and ageing 2004

Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antipsychotic Agents, administration & dosage, Cholinesterase Inhibitors, administration & dosage, Chronic Disease, Delirium, drug therapy, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Phenylcarbamates, administration & dosage, Retrospective Studies

Delirium: behavioural changes before and during the prodromal phase. Duppils GS, Wikblad K Journal of clinical nursing 2004

Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anxiety, classification, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip, adverse effects, Case-Control Studies, Chi-Square Distribution, Cognition Disorders, classification, Delirium, classification, Disease Progression, Female, Geriatric Assessment, Hip Fractures, complications, Humans, Male, Mental Disorders, classification, Mental Status Schedule, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index, Statistics, Nonparametric, Time Factors

Cognitive function and health-related quality of life after delirium in connection with hip surgery. A six-month follow-up. Duppils GS, Wikblad K Orthopedic nursing 2004

Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip, adverse effects, Cognition, Counseling, Delirium, diagnosis, Disease Progression, Family, psychology, Follow-Up Studies, Geriatric Assessment, Health Status, Humans, Mass Screening, Mental Status Schedule, Needs Assessment, Nurse’s Role, Nursing Assessment, Perioperative Care, methods, Quality of Life, Risk Factors, Sweden, epidemiology

Evaluation of functional improvement in older patients with cognitive impairment, depression and/or delirium admitted to a geriatric convalescence hospitalization unit. Esperanza A, Miralles R, Rius I, Fernandez B, Digón A, Arranz P, Gonzalez P, Raja Y, Serrano P, Zafra M, Vazquez O, Gili P, Cervera AM Archives of gerontology and geriatrics. Supplement 2004

Aged, Cognition Disorders, diagnosis, Comorbidity, Convalescence, Delirium, epidemiology, Depression, epidemiology, Female, Health Services for the Aged, utilization, Health Status, Hospitalization, statistics & numerical data, Humans, Institutionalization, statistics & numerical data, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Patient Discharge, statistics & numerical data, Prevalence, Severity of Illness Index

Delirium in palliative care. Friedlander MM, Brayman Y, Breitbart WS Oncology (Williston Park, N.Y.) 2004

Antidepressive Agents, therapeutic use, Antipsychotic Agents, therapeutic use, Bipolar Disorder, diagnosis, Delirium, diagnosis, Dementia, diagnosis, Depression, diagnosis, Diagnosis, Differential, Humans, Neoplasms, complications, Palliative Care, methods, Severity of Illness Index, Terminally Ill

Dehydration and delirium--not a simple relationship. George J, Rockwood K The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences 2004

Aged, Dehydration, physiopathology, Delirium, etiology, Humans

Instrument for detection of delirium in general hospitals: adaptation of the confusion assessment method. González M, de Pablo J, Fuente E, Valdés M, Peri JM, Nomdedeu M, Matrai S Psychosomatics 2004

Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Confusion, diagnosis, Delirium, diagnosis, Female, Hospitals, General, Humans, Male, Mass Screening, methods, Middle Aged, Questionnaires, Sensitivity and Specificity

A double-blind trial of risperidone and haloperidol for the treatment of delirium. Han CS, Kim YK Psychosomatics 2004

Aged, Analysis of Variance, Antipsychotic Agents, therapeutic use, Delirium, drug therapy, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Double-Blind Method, Female, Haloperidol, therapeutic use, Humans, Male, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Risperidone, therapeutic use, Severity of Illness Index, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome

Delirium in the acute care setting. Hanley C Medsurg nursing : official journal of the Academy of Medical-Surgical Nurses 2004

Aged, Delirium, diagnosis, Dementia, diagnosis, Depression, diagnosis, Diagnosis, Differential, Humans, Nursing Care, Patient Care, methods

A practical program for preventing delirium in hospitalized elderly patients. Inouye SK Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine 2004

Aged, psychology, Delirium, etiology, Female, Humans, Inpatients, psychology, Risk Factors

Low incidence of delirium in very old patients after surgery for hip fractures. Kagansky N, Rimon E, Naor S, Dvornikov E, Cojocaru L, Levy S The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry 2004

Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cognition Disorders, diagnosis, Cohort Studies, Delirium, epidemiology, Demography, Female, Hip Fractures, surgery, Humans, Incidence, Male, Postoperative Period, Prospective Studies, Questionnaires, Socioeconomic Factors

Characteristics associated with delirium persistence among newly admitted post-acute facility patients. Kiely DK, Bergmann MA, Jones RN, Murphy KM, Orav EJ, Marcantonio ER The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences 2004

Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Boston, epidemiology, Chi-Square Distribution, Delirium, complications, Female, Humans, Incidence, Logistic Models, Male, Prevalence, Skilled Nursing Facilities

Delirium and sedation. Kress JP, Hall JB Critical care clinics 2004

Algorithms, Analgesia, methods, Anxiety, etiology, Clinical Protocols, Communication, Conscious Sedation, methods, Decision Trees, Delirium, diagnosis, Drug Monitoring, methods, Goals, Humans, Intensive Care, methods, Organizational Innovation, Patient Care Planning, organization & administration, Quality Assurance, Health Care, organization & administration, Terminal Care, methods

Delirium among patients with and without dementia: does the diagnosis according to the DSM-IV differ from the previous classifications? Laurila JV, Pitkala KH, Strandberg TE, Tilvis RS International journal of geriatric psychiatry 2004

Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cross-Sectional Studies, Delirium, classification, Dementia, psychology, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Female, Finland, epidemiology, Geriatric Assessment, Hospitals, Humans, Male, Nursing Homes, Sensitivity and Specificity

Impact of different diagnostic criteria on prognosis of delirium: a prospective study. Laurila JV, Pitkala KH, Strandberg TE, Tilvis RS Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders 2004

Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Delirium, diagnosis, Diagnosis, Differential, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Female, Humans, Male, Predictive Value of Tests, Prevalence, Prognosis, Prospective Studies, Severity of Illness Index

Detection and documentation of dementia and delirium in acute geriatric wards. Laurila JV, Pitkala KH, Strandberg TE, Tilvis RS General hospital psychiatry 2004

Acute Disease, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cognition Disorders, diagnosis, Delirium, diagnosis, Dementia, diagnosis, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Documentation, methods, Female, Health Services for the Aged, standards, Hospital Departments, Humans, Male, Neuropsychological Tests

Efficacy of risperidone in treating the hyperactive symptoms of delirium. Liu CY, Juang YY, Liang HY, Lin NC, Yeh EK International clinical psychopharmacology 2004

Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antipsychotic Agents, administration & dosage, Delirium, drug therapy, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Haloperidol, therapeutic use, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychomotor Agitation, drug therapy, Retrospective Studies, Risperidone, administration & dosage, Severity of Illness Index, Treatment Outcome

End-of-life care: issues relevant to the geriatric psychiatrist. Lyness JM The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry 2004

Affect, Aged, Analgesics, therapeutic use, Chronic Disease, Decision Making, Delirium, psychology, Dementia, complications, Depression, psychology, Geriatric Psychiatry, methods, Health Status, Humans, Pain, complications, Pain Management, Pain Measurement, Palliative Care, methods, Periodicity, Psychotherapy, methods, Quality of Life, Stress, Psychological, Terminal Care, methods, United States

Early detection of postoperative delirium and confusion in a surgical ward using the NEECHAM confusion scale. Matsushita T, Matsushima E, Maruyama M General hospital psychiatry 2004

Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Confusion, diagnosis, Delirium, diagnosis, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Postoperative Complications, diagnosis, Surgery Department, Hospital, organization & administration

Elder care supportive interventions protocol: reducing discomfort in confused, hospitalized older adults. Miller J, Campbell J, Moore K, Schofield A Journal of gerontological nursing 2004

Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Delirium, nursing, Dementia, nursing, Female, Frail Elderly, Geriatric Nursing, education, Humans, Male, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Patient Care Planning, United States

Cholinesterase inhibition as a possible therapy for delirium in vascular dementia: a controlled, open 24-month study of 246 patients. Moretti R, Torre P, Antonello RM, Cattaruzza T, Cazzato G American journal of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias 2004

Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antihypertensive Agents, therapeutic use, Cholinesterase Inhibitors, therapeutic use, Delirium, drug therapy, Dementia, Vascular, complications, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Hypertension, drug therapy, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Phenylcarbamates, therapeutic use

Applied neuroscience in the study of delirium: the classic work of Engel and Romano. Neylan TC The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences 2004

Brain, physiopathology, Brain Chemistry, physiology, Delirium, metabolism, Humans, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales

A pilot trial of quetiapine for the treatment of patients with delirium. Pae CU, Lee SJ, Lee CU, Lee C, Paik IH Human psychopharmacology 2004

Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Delirium, drug therapy, Dibenzothiazepines, therapeutic use, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pilot Projects, Prospective Studies, Statistics, Nonparametric

Prevalence of delirium in a geriatric convalescence hospitalization unit: patient's clinical characteristics and risk precipitating factor analysis. Pi-Figueras M, Aguilera A, Arellano M, Miralles R, Garcia-Caselles P, Torres R, Cervera AM Archives of gerontology and geriatrics. Supplement 2004

Aged, Cognition Disorders, diagnosis, Convalescence, Delirium, drug therapy, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Health Status, Hospital Departments, Hospitalization, statistics & numerical data, Humans, Intensive Care Units, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Prevalence, Psychotropic Drugs, therapeutic use, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index

Acute delirium associated with combined diphenhydramine and linezolid use. Serio RN The Annals of pharmacotherapy 2004

Acetamides, administration & dosage, Acute Disease, Delirium, chemically induced, Diphenhydramine, administration & dosage, Drug Combinations, Drug Interactions, Duty to Warn, Hallucinations, chemically induced, Humans, Injections, Intravenous, Male, Middle Aged, Oxazolidinones, administration & dosage, Pruritus, drug therapy, Risperidone, administration & dosage, Time Factors, Vancomycin, administration & dosage

Factors associated with postoperative delirium after major head and neck surgery. Wang SG, Lee UJ, Goh EK, Chon KM The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology 2004

Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Delirium, etiology, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures, adverse effects, Postoperative Complications, Risk Factors

Delirium: current trends in prevention and treatment. Weber JB, Coverdale JH, Kunik ME Internal medicine journal 2004

Clinical Trials as Topic, Delirium, diagnosis, Evidence-Based Medicine, Humans, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Risk Factors, Stress, Physiological, complications

Risk factors for postoperative delirium after liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma. Yoshimura Y, Kubo S, Shirata K, Hirohashi K, Tanaka H, Shuto T, Takemura S, Kinoshita H World journal of surgery 2004

Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Blood Loss, Surgical, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular, surgery, Delirium, diagnosis, Female, Humans, Incidence, Liver Neoplasms, surgery, Male, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, Risk Factors, Serum Albumin, analysis, Sex Factors

The impact of delirium on the survival of mechanically ventilated patients. Lin SM, Liu CY, Wang CH, Lin HC, Huang CD, Huang PY, Fang YF, Shieh MH, Kuo HP Critical care medicine 2004

APACHE, Academic Medical Centers, Aged, Analysis of Variance, Case-Control Studies, Comorbidity, Delirium, complications, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Female, Hospital Mortality, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Observer Variation, Predictive Value of Tests, Prognosis, Proportional Hazards Models, Prospective Studies, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, standards, Respiration, Artificial, mortality, Respiratory Insufficiency, complications, Risk Factors, Sensitivity and Specificity, Survival Analysis, Taiwan, epidemiology

Delirium in elderly hospitalised patients: protective effects of chronic rivastigmine usage. Dautzenberg PL, Mulder LJ, Olde Rikkert MG, Wouters CJ, Loonen AJ International journal of geriatric psychiatry 2004

Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Carbamates, therapeutic use, Cholinesterase Inhibitors, therapeutic use, Delirium, prevention & control, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Phenylcarbamates, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors

Patient relocation in the 6 months after hip fracture: risk factors for fragmented care. Boockvar KS, Litke A, Penrod JD, Halm EA, Morrison RS, Silberzweig SB, Magaziner J, Koval K, Siu AL Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2004

Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Continuity of Patient Care, standards, Female, Hip Fractures, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Male, New York, Nursing Assessment, Population Dynamics, statistics & numerical data, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors

Delirium as a predictor of mortality in mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit. Ely EW, Shintani A, Truman B, Speroff T, Gordon SM, Harrell FE, Inouye SK, Bernard GR, Dittus RS JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association 2004

APACHE, Adult, Aged, Coma, physiopathology, Critical Illness, mortality, Delirium, diagnosis, Female, Humans, Intensive Care Units, statistics & numerical data, Length of Stay, Male, Middle Aged, Proportional Hazards Models, Prospective Studies, Respiration, Artificial, Risk Factors, Survival Analysis

Brief postoperative delirium in hip fracture patients affects functional outcome at three months. Zakriya K, Sieber FE, Christmas C, Wenz JF, Franckowiak S Anesthesia and analgesia 2004

Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Chi-Square Distribution, Delirium, epidemiology, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Hip Fractures, epidemiology, Humans, Length of Stay, statistics & numerical data, Male, Postoperative Complications, epidemiology, Prospective Studies, Recovery of Function, Treatment Outcome

A comparison of anesthetic quality in propofol-spinal anesthesia and propofol-fentanyl anesthesia for total knee arthroplasty in elderly patients. Kudoh A, Takase H, Takazawa T Journal of clinical anesthesia 2004

Aged, Anesthesia Recovery Period, Anesthesia, Spinal, Anesthetics, Combined, administration & dosage, Anesthetics, Intravenous, administration & dosage, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee, Female, Fentanyl, administration & dosage, Humans, Intubation, Intratracheal, methods, Male, Propofol, administration & dosage, Respiration, Artificial

Postoperative confusion increases in elderly long-term benzodiazepine users. Kudoh A, Takase H, Takahira Y, Takazawa T Anesthesia and analgesia 2004

Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anesthesia, General, Anxiety, epidemiology, Benzodiazepines, adverse effects, Cognition, physiology, Confusion, chemically induced, Depression, epidemiology, Female, Humans, Male, Pain Measurement, Pain, Postoperative, epidemiology, Postoperative Complications, epidemiology, Prospective Studies, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales

Chronic treatment with antipsychotics enhances intraoperative core hypothermia. Kudoh A, Takase H, Takazawa T Anesthesia and analgesia 2004

Adult, Antipsychotic Agents, adverse effects, Body Temperature Regulation, drug effects, Female, Humans, Hypothermia, chemically induced, Intraoperative Complications, chemically induced, Male, Middle Aged, Orthopedic Procedures, Pain Measurement, Postoperative Complications, chemically induced, Schizophrenia, complications, Shivering, drug effects

Consciousness monitoring in ventilated patients: bispectral EEG monitors arousal not delirium. Ely EW, Truman B, Manzi DJ, Sigl JC, Shintani A, Bernard GR Intensive care medicine 2004

Algorithms, Arousal, Conscious Sedation, classification, Consciousness, Delirium, diagnosis, Drug Monitoring, methods, Electroencephalography, Female, Humans, Hypnotics and Sedatives, pharmacology, Intensive Care Units, Male, Middle Aged, Monitoring, Physiologic, methods, Prospective Studies, Respiration, Artificial, Software, Statistics, Nonparametric

A randomized controlled trial of a behavior advisory service for hospitalized older patients with confusion. Mador JE, Giles L, Whitehead C, Crotty M International journal of geriatric psychiatry 2004

Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Confusion, drug therapy, Consultants, Drug Administration Schedule, Female, Geriatric Assessment, Geriatric Nursing, methods, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Patient-Centered Care, Psychomotor Agitation, drug therapy, Psychotropic Drugs, administration & dosage, Social Behavior Disorders, drug therapy, Treatment Outcome

Postdischarge outcome rates influenced by comorbidity and interdisciplinary collaboration. Corser WD Outcomes management 2004

Accidental Falls, statistics & numerical data, Aftercare, organization & administration, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Comorbidity, Continuity of Patient Care, standards, Cooperative Behavior, Emergency Service, Hospital, utilization, Female, Hospitals, Veterans, Humans, Interprofessional Relations, Male, Middle Aged, Midwestern United States, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Patient Care Team, organization & administration, Patient Discharge, standards, Patient Readmission, statistics & numerical data, United States, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans

Underrecognition of preexisting cognitive impairment by physicians in older ICU patients. Pisani MA, Redlich C, McNicoll L, Ely EW, Inouye SK Chest 2003

APACHE, Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cognition Disorders, diagnosis, Critical Care, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diagnostic Errors, Female, Geriatrics, Humans, Intensive Care Units, Male, Prevalence

Screening for preexisting cognitive impairment in older intensive care unit patients: use of proxy assessment. Pisani MA, Inouye SK, McNicoll L, Redlich CA Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2003

Aged, Cognition Disorders, diagnosis, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Hospitals, Teaching, Humans, Intensive Care Units, Male, Mass Screening, methods, Prevalence, Proxy, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Questionnaires, Urban Population

The Mini-Cog as a screen for dementia: validation in a population-based sample. Borson S, Scanlan JM, Chen P, Ganguli M Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2003

Aged, Dementia, diagnosis, Female, Humans, Male, Mass Screening, Mental Recall, Neuropsychological Tests, Pennsylvania, epidemiology, Psychometrics, Sensitivity and Specificity

The effects of a targeted multicomponent delirium intervention on postdischarge outcomes for hospitalized older adults. Bogardus ST, Desai MM, Williams CS, Leo-Summers L, Acampora D, Inouye SK The American journal of medicine 2003

Aged, Delirium, etiology, Humans, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Patient Discharge, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Time Factors

Cognitive dysfunction after minor surgery in the elderly. Canet J, Raeder J, Rasmussen LS, Enlund M, Kuipers HM, Hanning CD, Jolles J, Korttila K, Siersma VD, Dodds C, Abildstrom H, Sneyd JR, Vila P, Johnson T, Muñoz Corsini L, Silverstein JH, Nielsen IK, Moller JT, Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 2003

Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Ambulatory Surgical Procedures, Anesthesia, General, Cognition Disorders, diagnosis, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Postoperative Complications, Risk Factors, Surgical Procedures, Minor