What is the Delirium Bibliography? The searchable Delirium Bibliography page is one of our most popular features, allowing you to quickly gain access to the literature on delirium and acute care of older persons. It is primarily intended for clinicians and researchers interested in exploring these topics. The NIDUS team keeps it updated for you on a monthly basis!
How to Search for Articles: Search by author, title, year, and/or keywords. Each article is indexed by keywords taken from MEDLINE and other relevant databases. Click on the title of the article to read the abstract, journal, etc.
Reference Information
- Title
- Interventions for preventing intensive care unit delirium in adults.
- Authors
- Herling, S. F. Greve, I. E. Vasilevskis, E. E. Egerod, I. Bekker Mortensen, C. Møller, A. M. Svenningsen, H. Thomsen, T.
- Year
- 2018
- Journal
- Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
- Abstract
Background: Delirium is defined as a disturbance in attention, awareness and cognition with reduced ability to direct, focus, sustain and shift attention, and reduced orientation to the environment. Critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) frequently develop ICU delirium. It can profoundly affect both them and their families because it is associated with increased mortality, longer duration of mechanical ventilation, longer hospital and ICU stay and long-term cognitive impairment. It also results in increased costs for society. Objectives: To assess existing evidence for the effect of preventive interventions on ICU delirium, in-hospital mortality, the number of delirium- and coma-free days, ventilator-free days, length of stay in the ICU and cognitive impairment. Search methods: We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, BIOSIS, International Web of Science, Latin American Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, CINAHL from 1980 to 11 April 2018 without any language limits. We adapted the MEDLINE search for searching the other databases. Furthermore, we checked references, searched citations and contacted study authors to identify additional studies. We also checked the following trial registries: Current Controlled Trials; ClinicalTrials.gov; and CenterWatch.com (all on 24 April 2018). Selection criteria: We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of adult medical or surgical ICU patients receiving any intervention for preventing ICU delirium. The control could be standard ICU care, placebo or both. We assessed the quality of evidence with GRADE. Data collection and analysis: We checked titles and abstracts to exclude obviously irrelevant studies and obtained full reports on potentially relevant ones. Two review authors independently extracted data. If possible we conducted meta-analyses, otherwise we synthesized data narratively. Main results: The electronic search yielded 8746 records. We included 12 RCTs (3885 participants) comparing usual care with the following interventions: commonly used drugs (four studies); sedation regimens (four studies); physical therapy or cognitive therapy, or both (one study); environmental interventions (two studies); and preventive nursing care (one study). We found 15 ongoing studies and five studies awaiting classification. The participants were 48 to 70 years old; 48% to 74% were male; the mean acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE II) score was 14 to 28 (range 0 to 71; higher scores correspond to more severe disease and a higher risk of death). With the exception of one study, all participants were mechanically ventilated in medical or surgical ICUs or mixed. The studies were overall at low risk of bias. Six studies were at high risk of detection bias due to lack of blinding of outcome assessors. We report results for the two most commonly explored approaches to delirium prevention: pharmacologic and a non-pharmacologic intervention. Haloperidol versus placebo (two RCTs, 1580 participants) The event rate of ICU delirium was measured in one study including 1439 participants. No difference was identified between groups, (risk ratio (RR) 1.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.87 to 1.17) (moderate-quality evidence). Haloperidol versus placebo neither reduced or increased in-hospital mortality, (RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.80 to 1.22; 2 studies; 1580 participants (moderate-quality evidence)); the number of delirium- and coma-free days, (mean difference (MD) -0.60, 95% CI -1.37 to 0.17; 2 studies, 1580 participants (moderate-quality of evidence)); number of ventilator-free days (mean 23.8 (MD -0.30, 95% CI -0.93 to 0.33) 1 study; 1439 participants, (high-quality evidence)); length of ICU stay, (MD 0.18, 95% CI -0.60 to 0.97); 2 studies, 1580 participants; high-quality evidence). None of the studies measured cognitive impairment. In one study there were three serious adverse events in the intervention group and five in the placebo group; in the other there were five serious adverse events and three patients died, one in each group. None of the serious adverse eve ts were judged to be related to interventions received (moderate-quality evidence). Physical and cognitive therapy interventions (one study, 65 participants) The study did not measure the event rate of ICU delirium. A physical and cognitive therapy intervention versus standard care neither reduced nor increased in-hospital mortality, (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.40 to 2.20, I2; = 0; 1 study, 65 participants; very low-quality evidence); the number of delirium- and coma-free days, (MD -2.8, 95% CI -10.1 to 4.6, I2; = 0; 1 study, 65 participants; very low-quality evidence); the number of ventilator-free days (within the first 28/30 days) was median 27.4 (IQR 0 to 29.2) and 25 (IQR 0 to 28.9); 1 study, 65 participants; very low-quality evidence, length of ICU stay, (MD 1.23, 95% CI -0.68 to 3.14, I2; = 0; 1 study, 65 participants; very low-quality evidence); cognitive impairment measured by the MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination with higher scores indicating better function, (MD 0.97, 95% CI -0.19 to 2.13, I2; = 0; 1 study, 30 participants; very low-quality evidence); or measured by the Dysexecutive questionnaire (DEX) with lower scores indicating better function (MD -8.76, 95% CI -19.06 to 1.54, I2; = 0; 1 study, 30 participants; very low-quality evidence). One patient experienced acute back pain accompanied by hypotensive urgency during physical therapy. Authors’ conclusions: There is probably little or no difference between haloperidol and placebo for preventing ICU delirium but further studies are needed to increase our confidence in the findings. There is insufficient evidence to determine the effects of physical and cognitive intervention on delirium. The effects of other pharmacological interventions, sedation, environmental, and preventive nursing interventions are unclear and warrant further investigation in large multicentre studies. Five studies are awaiting classification and we identified 15 ongoing studies, evaluating pharmacological interventions, sedation regimens, physical and occupational therapy combined or separately, and environmental interventions, that may alter the conclusions of the review in future.
- PMID
- Keywords
ISRCTN83567338
NCT00095251
NCT00466492
NCT00675363
NCT00824239
NCT01270269
NCT01274819
NCT01739933
NCT01785290
NCT01791296
NCT0196768
NCT01983800
NCT02245256
NCT02548923
NCT02612948
NCT02615340
NCT02932358
NCT03002701
NCT03095443
NCT03125252
NCT03172897
NCT03215745
dexmedetomidine
haloperidol
lorazepam
placebo
adult
APACHE
artificial ventilation
bradycardia
cognitive defect
cognitive therapy
coma
critically ill patient
delirium
environmental intervention
health care cost
hospital mortality
human
intensive care unit
intention to treat analysis
intervention study
length of stay
nursing intervention
outcome assessment
physiotherapy
priority journal
randomized controlled trial (topic)
review
sedation
seizure
sensitivity analysis
treatment duration
ventilator weaning
- Page(s)
- Volume
- 2018
- Issue
- 11
| Title | Authors | Journal | Year | Keywords |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Detecting acute confusion in older adults: Comparing clinical reasoning of nurses working in acute, long-term, and community health care environments. | McCarthy MC | Research in nursing & health | 2003 |
Acute Disease, Aged, Clinical Competence, Confusion, diagnosis, Delirium, diagnosis, Dementia, diagnosis, Diagnosis, Differential, Health Facility Environment, Home Care Services, Homes for the Aged, Hospitals, Humans, Nursing Assessment, Nursing Homes, Ohio, Qualitative Research |
| Delirium: elders tell their stories and guide nursing practice. | McCurren C, Cronin SN | Medsurg nursing : official journal of the Academy of Medical-Surgical Nurses | 2003 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Delirium, nursing, Female, Humans, Life Change Events, Male, Nursing Assessment, Philosophy, Nursing, Questionnaires |
| Does delirium increase hospital stay? | McCusker J, Cole MG, Dendukuri N, Belzile E | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 2003 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cohort Studies, Delirium, diagnosis, Female, Geriatric Assessment, Humans, Length of Stay, statistics & numerical data, Linear Models, Male, Prospective Studies, Quebec, epidemiology, Severity of Illness Index |
| Delirium, depression, and anxiety. | Misra S, Ganzini L | Critical care clinics | 2003 |
Anxiety, diagnosis, Causality, Delirium, diagnosis, Depression, diagnosis, Humans, Incidence, Intensive Care, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Treatment Outcome |
| Impaired communication capacity and agitated delirium in the final week of terminally ill cancer patients: prevalence and identification of research focus. | Morita T, Tei Y, Inoue S | Journal of pain and symptom management | 2003 |
Aged, Communication, Critical Illness, psychology, Delirium, epidemiology, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Research, Retrospective Studies |
| Relationship between pain and opioid analgesics on the development of delirium following hip fracture. | Morrison RS, Magaziner J, Gilbert M, Koval KJ, McLaughlin MA, Orosz G, Strauss E, Siu AL | The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences | 2003 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Analgesics, Opioid, administration & dosage, Cohort Studies, Confidence Intervals, Delirium, epidemiology, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Hip Fractures, diagnosis, Humans, Incidence, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Multicenter Studies as Topic, Multivariate Analysis, New York City, Pain, diagnosis, Pain Measurement, Postoperative Period, Preoperative Care, Probability, Prospective Studies, Risk Assessment, Severity of Illness Index |
| Identification and management of delirium in the critically ill patient with cancer. | Morrison C | AACN clinical issues | 2003 |
Anti-Anxiety Agents, therapeutic use, Antipsychotic Agents, therapeutic use, Benzodiazepines, Delirium, diagnosis, Diagnosis, Differential, Humans, Mental Disorders, diagnosis, Neoplasms, complications, Risk Factors, Terminology as Topic |
| Delirium, depression often overlooked. | Naylor M | The American journal of nursing | 2003 |
Aged, Delirium, complications, Dementia, complications, Depression, complications, Hospitalization, Humans, Pilot Projects, United States |
| Donepezil for anticholinergic drug intoxication: a case report. | Noyan MA, Elbi H, Aksu H | Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry | 2003 |
Amitriptyline, adverse effects, Cholinergic Antagonists, adverse effects, Delirium, chemically induced, Drug Overdose, Humans, Indans, therapeutic use, Male, Middle Aged, Piperidines, therapeutic use |
| A patient with lithium intoxication developing at therapeutic serum lithium levels and persistent delirium after discontinuation of its administration. | Omata N, Murata T, Omori M, Wada Y | General hospital psychiatry | 2003 |
Antipsychotic Agents, adverse effects, Delirium, drug therapy, Drug Administration Schedule, Humans, Lithium Carbonate, adverse effects, Male, Middle Aged, Time Factors |
| Excited delirium: does it exist? | Paquette M | Perspectives in psychiatric care | 2003 |
Death, Sudden, Delirium, complications, Humans, Police, Psychomotor Agitation, complications, Restraint, Physical, Violence, prevention & control |
| A prospective, open-label, flexible-dose study of quetiapine in the treatment of delirium. | Sasaki Y, Matsuyama T, Inoue S, Sunami T, Inoue T, Denda K, Koyama T | The Journal of clinical psychiatry | 2003 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antipsychotic Agents, adverse effects, Delirium, drug therapy, Dibenzothiazepines, adverse effects, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Treatment Outcome |
| The Delirium Observation Screening Scale: a screening instrument for delirium. | Schuurmans MJ, Shortridge-Baggett LM, Duursma SA | Research and theory for nursing practice | 2003 |
Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Case-Control Studies, Delirium, diagnosis, Female, Geriatric Assessment, Humans, Male, Mass Screening, methods, Mental Status Schedule, Nursing Assessment, methods, Nursing Evaluation Research, Observation, methods, Prospective Studies, Psychometrics, Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Sensitivity and Specificity |
| Delirium in adults with intellectual disabilities and DC-LD. | Simpson N | Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR | 2003 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Delirium, complications, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Female, Humans, Intellectual Disability, complications, Male |
| Do guidelines improve the process and outcomes of care in delirium? | Young LJ, George J | Age and ageing | 2003 |
Aged, Delirium, diagnosis, Education, Medical, Continuing, Education, Nursing, Continuing, England, Geriatric Assessment, Geriatrics, education, Hospitals, General, standards, Humans, Mental Status Schedule, Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care), Patient Care Planning, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Scotland |
| Association between cardiac and noncardiac complications in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery: outcomes and effects on length of stay. | Fleischmann KE, Goldman L, Young B, Lee TH | The American journal of medicine | 2003 |
Aged, Female, Heart Diseases, epidemiology, Humans, Length of Stay, statistics & numerical data, Linear Models, Logistic Models, Male, Myocardial Infarction, epidemiology, Odds Ratio, Postoperative Complications, classification, Prospective Studies, Pulmonary Edema, epidemiology, Risk Factors |
| Risk for acute confusion in sensory-impaired, rural, long-term-care elders. | Cacchione PZ, Culp K, Dyck MJ, Laing J | Clinical nursing research | 2003 |
Acute Disease, Aged, psychology, Aged, 80 and over, Confusion, epidemiology, Female, Geriatric Assessment, Hearing Disorders, complications, Homes for the Aged, Humans, Iowa, epidemiology, Long-Term Care, psychology, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Mass Screening, Nursing Homes, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Rural Population, Vision Disorders, complications |
| Mortality and morbidity in nonagenarian patients following hip fracture surgery. | Formiga F, Lopez-Soto A, Sacanella E, Coscojuela A, Suso S, Pujol R | Gerontology | 2003 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Femoral Neck Fractures, mortality, Follow-Up Studies, Frail Elderly, Humans, Male, Pain, Postoperative, Prospective Studies, Walking, physiology |
| The last forty-eight hours of life in a Portuguese palliative care unit: does it differ from elsewhere? | Gonçalves JF, Alvarenga M, Silva A | Journal of palliative medicine | 2003 |
Drug Utilization Review, Female, Humans, Male, Medical Audit, Neoplasms, nursing, Palliative Care, standards, Portugal, Prospective Studies, Terminal Care, standards |
| Systemic infection, interleukin 1beta, and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. | Holmes C, El-Okl M, Williams AL, Cunningham C, Wilcockson D, Perry VH | Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry | 2003 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alzheimer Disease, etiology, Central Nervous System Bacterial Infections, complications, Cognition Disorders, diagnosis, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Interleukin-1, blood, Male, Neuropsychological Tests |
| Postoperative confusion in schizophrenic patients is affected by interleukin-6. | Kudoh A, Takase H, Takahira Y, Katagai H, Takazawa T | Journal of clinical anesthesia | 2003 |
Abdomen, surgery, Adult, Aged, Analgesia, Epidural, Anesthesia, Epidural, Anesthesia, General, Confusion, blood, Humans, Hydrocortisone, blood, Interleukin-6, blood, Middle Aged, Postoperative Complications, blood, Schizophrenia, blood |
| Treating depression in Alzheimer disease: efficacy and safety of sertraline therapy, and the benefits of depression reduction: the DIADS. | Lyketsos CG, DelCampo L, Steinberg M, Miles Q, Steele CD, Munro C, Baker AS, Sheppard JM, Frangakis C, Brandt J, Rabins PV | Archives of general psychiatry | 2003 |
Activities of Daily Living, psychology, Aged, Alzheimer Disease, drug therapy, Ambulatory Care, Caregivers, psychology, Cognition Disorders, diagnosis, Comorbidity, Depressive Disorder, drug therapy, Drug Administration Schedule, Female, Geriatric Assessment, Humans, Male, Mental Disorders, diagnosis, Neuropsychological Tests, Placebos, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors, therapeutic use, Sertraline, therapeutic use, Single-Blind Method, Treatment Outcome |
| Six-month neuropsychological outcome of medical intensive care unit patients. | Jackson JC, Hart RP, Gordon SM, Shintani A, Truman B, May L, Ely EW | Critical care medicine | 2003 |
APACHE, Cognition Disorders, diagnosis, Depression, diagnosis, Female, Humans, Intensive Care Units, Length of Stay, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Prospective Studies, Quality of Life, Respiration, Artificial, adverse effects |
| Clinical practice guidelines for the sustained use of sedatives and analgesics in the critically ill adult. | Jacobi J, Fraser GL, Coursin DB, Riker RR, Fontaine D, Wittbrodt ET, Chalfin DB, Masica MF, Bjerke HS, Coplin WM, Crippen DW, Fuchs BD, Kelleher RM, Marik PE, Nasraway SA, Murray MJ, Peruzzi WT, Lumb PD, | Critical care medicine | 2002 |
Adult, Analgesia, standards, Analgesics, administration & dosage, Conscious Sedation, standards, Critical Care, standards, Delirium, Humans, Hypnotics and Sedatives, administration & dosage, Pain Measurement, standards, Sleep, drug effects |
| Exposure to opioid analgesia in cognitively impaired and delirious elderly hip fracture patients. | Adunsky A, Levy R, Mizrahi E, Arad M | Archives of gerontology and geriatrics | 2002 | |
| Meperidine analgesia and delirium in aged hip fracture patients. | Adunsky A, Levy R, Heim M, Mizrahi E, Arad M | Archives of gerontology and geriatrics | 2002 | |
| Development and validation of a risk-adjustment index for older patients: the high-risk diagnoses for the elderly scale. | Desai MM, Bogardus ST, Williams CS, Vitagliano G, Inouye SK | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 2002 |
Aged, Female, Geriatrics, Health Status Indicators, Humans, Male, Prospective Studies, Risk Adjustment |
| Evaluation of a guided protocol for quality improvement in identifying common geriatric problems. | Bogardus ST, Richardson E, Maciejewski PK, Gahbauer E, Inouye SK | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 2002 |
Aged, Case-Control Studies, Clinical Protocols, Cohort Studies, Connecticut, Female, Geriatric Assessment, Hospitals, University, Humans, Male, Mass Screening, methods, Outpatient Clinics, Hospital, standards, Primary Health Care, Quality Assurance, Health Care |
| A review of physical restraint minimization in the acute and residential care settings. | Evans D, Wood J, Lambert L | Journal of advanced nursing | 2002 |
Accidental Falls, prevention & control, Acute Disease, Aged, Critical Care, methods, Education, Nursing, Continuing, Geriatric Nursing, methods, Health Services Research, Humans, Program Evaluation, Residential Facilities, organization & administration, Restraint, Physical, utilization |
| Delirium superimposed on dementia: a systematic review. | Fick DM, Agostini JV, Inouye SK | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 2002 |
Delirium, complications, Dementia, complications, Hospitalization, Humans, Prevalence, Prognosis, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Research, Risk Factors |
| Iatrogenic causes of falls in hospitalised elderly patients: a case-control study. | Frels C, Williams P, Narayanan S, Gariballa SE | Postgraduate medical journal | 2002 |
Accidental Falls, prevention & control, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anti-Anxiety Agents, adverse effects, Benzodiazepines, Case-Control Studies, England, Female, Geriatric Assessment, Hospitalization, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Odds Ratio, Risk Factors |
| Designing adverse event prevention programs using quality management methods: the case of falls in hospital. | Grenier-Sennelier C, Lombard I, Jeny-Loeper C, Maillet-Gouret MC, Minvielle E | International journal for quality in health care : journal of the International Society for Quality in Health Care / ISQua | 2002 |
Accidental Falls, prevention & control, Aged, Female, France, Health Services Research, Humans, Male, Program Development, Rehabilitation Centers, organization & administration, Risk Management, methods, Total Quality Management, methods |
| A novel approach to the prevention of postoperative delirium in the elderly after gastrointestinal surgery. | Aizawa K, Kanai T, Saikawa Y, Takabayashi T, Kawano Y, Miyazawa N, Yamamoto T | Surgery today | 2002 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Analgesics, Opioid, administration & dosage, Anti-Anxiety Agents, administration & dosage, Delirium, etiology, Diazepam, administration & dosage, Digestive System Surgical Procedures, adverse effects, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Flunitrazepam, administration & dosage, Gastrointestinal Neoplasms, surgery, Humans, Infusions, Intravenous, Injections, Intramuscular, Male, Meperidine, administration & dosage, Postoperative Complications, prevention & control, Premedication, Prospective Studies |
| An open trial of olanzapine for the treatment of delirium in hospitalized cancer patients. | Breitbart W, Tremblay A, Gibson C | Psychosomatics | 2002 |
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Analysis of Variance, Antipsychotic Agents, therapeutic use, Benzodiazepines, Chi-Square Distribution, Delirium, drug therapy, Female, Humans, Inpatients, psychology, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, complications, Pirenzepine, analogs & derivatives, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index |
| Delirium and psychotic symptoms--an integrative model. | Charlton BG, Kavanau JL | Medical hypotheses | 2002 |
Consciousness Disorders, Delirium, physiopathology, Electroconvulsive Therapy, Electroencephalography, Humans, Models, Psychological, Psychotic Disorders, physiopathology |
| Systematic detection and multidisciplinary care of delirium in older medical inpatients: a randomized trial. | Cole MG, McCusker J, Bellavance F, Primeau FJ, Bailey RF, Bonnycastle MJ, Laplante J | CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne | 2002 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Delirium, nursing, Female, Geriatric Assessment, Humans, Male, Patient Care Planning, Patient Care Team, Proportional Hazards Models, Quebec |
| Delirium after coronary bypass surgery evaluated by the organic brain syndrome protocol. | Eriksson M, Samuelsson E, Gustafson Y, Aberg T, Engström KG | Scandinavian cardiovascular journal : SCJ | 2002 |
Aged, Clinical Protocols, Coronary Artery Bypass, adverse effects, Coronary Disease, complications, Delirium, complications, Delirium, Dementia, Amnestic, Cognitive Disorders, complications, Female, Hallucinations, complications, Humans, Intensive Care, Length of Stay, Male, Postoperative Complications, diagnosis, Treatment Outcome |
| Delirium in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. | Fann JR, Roth-Roemer S, Burington BE, Katon WJ, Syrjala KL | Cancer | 2002 |
Adult, Delirium, epidemiology, Female, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, adverse effects, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors |
| Delirium in acute stroke. | Ferro JM, Caeiro L, Verdelho A | Current opinion in neurology | 2002 |
Acute Disease, Delirium, epidemiology, Humans, Risk Factors, Stroke, epidemiology |
| Delirium in patients on hemodialysis therapy. | Fukunishi I, Kitaoka T, Shirai T, Kino K, Kanematsu E, Sato Y | Nephron | 2002 |
Aged, Delirium, epidemiology, Humans, Kidney Failure, Chronic, epidemiology, Prevalence, Renal Dialysis, adverse effects |
| Delirium in advanced cancer: a psychoeducational intervention for family caregivers. | Gagnon P, Charbonneau C, Allard P, Soulard C, Dumont S, Fillion L | Journal of palliative care | 2002 |
Adaptation, Psychological, Aged, Attitude of Health Personnel, Attitude to Health, Caregivers, education, Delirium, etiology, Family, psychology, Female, Focus Groups, Health Education, methods, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Home Nursing, education, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, complications, Pamphlets, Program Evaluation, Qualitative Research, Risk Factors, Teaching Materials, standards, Terminal Care, methods |
| The prevalence and documentation of impaired mental status in elderly emergency department patients. | Hustey FM, Meldon SW | Annals of emergency medicine | 2002 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cognition Disorders, diagnosis, Delirium, diagnosis, Emergency Service, Hospital, Female, Geriatric Assessment, Hospitals, Teaching, Humans, Male, Mental Disorders, diagnosis, Mental Status Schedule, Prevalence, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Urban Population |
| Deciphering the 4 D's: cognitive decline, delirium, depression and dementia--a review. | Insel KC, Badger TA | Journal of advanced nursing | 2002 |
Aged, Cognition Disorders, diagnosis, Delirium, diagnosis, Dementia, diagnosis, Depression, diagnosis, Humans, Task Performance and Analysis |
| Dementia and delirium in 4 patients with Machado-Joseph disease. | Ishikawa A, Yamada M, Makino K, Aida I, Idezuka J, Ikeuchi T, Soma Y, Takahashi H, Tsuji S | Archives of neurology | 2002 |
Delirium, complications, Dementia, complications, Female, Humans, Machado-Joseph Disease, complications, Male, Middle Aged |
| Delirium resulting from paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis caused by Hodgkin's disease. | Kung S, Mueller PS, Geda YE, Krahn LE | Psychosomatics | 2002 |
Delirium, etiology, Female, Hodgkin Disease, complications, Humans, Limbic Encephalitis, complications, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales |
| Anticipating and preventing delirium. | Lampley-Dallas VT | The Journal of the Oklahoma State Medical Association | 2002 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Delirium, diagnosis, Female, Humans, Male |
| Confusion assessment method in the diagnostics of delirium among aged hospital patients: would it serve better in screening than as a diagnostic instrument? | Laurila JV, Pitkala KH, Strandberg TE, Tilvis RS | International journal of geriatric psychiatry | 2002 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Algorithms, Confusion, Cross-Sectional Studies, Delirium, diagnosis, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, standards, Sensitivity and Specificity |
| Delirium and dehydration: some fluid for thought? | Lawlor PG | Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer | 2002 |
Analgesics, Opioid, adverse effects, Dehydration, complications, Delirium, chemically induced, Diagnostic Errors, Family, psychology, Fluid Therapy, Humans, Neoplasms, complications, Palliative Care, methods, Water-Electrolyte Balance, physiology |
| Intractable delirium associated with ziconotide successfully treated with electroconvulsive therapy. | Levin T, Petrides G, Weiner J, Saravay S, Multz AS, Bailine S | Psychosomatics | 2002 |
Adult, Analgesics, adverse effects, Calcium Channel Blockers, adverse effects, Delirium, chemically induced, Electroconvulsive Therapy, Humans, Male, Peripheral Nervous System Diseases, drug therapy, omega-Conotoxins, administration & dosage |
| Delirium predicts 12-month mortality. | McCusker J, Cole M, Abrahamowicz M, Primeau F, Belzile E | Archives of internal medicine | 2002 |
Aged, Confounding Factors (Epidemiology), Delirium, complications, Dementia, complications, Hospitalization, Humans, Mortality, Prognosis, Proportional Hazards Models, Prospective Studies, Severity of Illness Index, Survival Analysis |
| Documentation of delirium in elderly patients with hip fracture. | Milisen K, Foreman MD, Wouters B, Driesen R, Godderis J, Abraham IL, Broos PL | Journal of gerontological nursing | 2002 |
Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Delirium, diagnosis, Documentation, standards, Female, Hip Fractures, classification, Humans, Male, Medical Records, statistics & numerical data, Nursing Records, standards, Postoperative Complications, diagnosis, Retrospective Studies |
| Confusion/delirium following cataract surgery: an incidence study of 1-year duration. | Milstein A, Pollack A, Kleinman G, Barak Y | International psychogeriatrics / IPA | 2002 |
Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cataract Extraction, Confusion, diagnosis, Delirium, diagnosis, Female, Humans, Incidence, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Postoperative Complications, Severity of Illness Index |
| Acute postoperative delirium: definitions, incidence, recognition, and interventions. | O'Brien D | Journal of perianesthesia nursing : official journal of the American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses / American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses | 2002 |
Acute Disease, Delirium, epidemiology, Humans, Incidence, Nursing Assessment, Postanesthesia Nursing, methods |
| Delirium: an important (but often unrecognized) clinical syndrome. | Rabinowitz T | Current psychiatry reports | 2002 |
Delirium, psychology, Humans, Risk Factors |
| Delirium. Pragmatic guidance for managing a common, confounding, and sometimes lethal condition. | Samuels SC, Evers MM | Geriatrics | 2002 |
Aged, Anti-Anxiety Agents, therapeutic use, Antipsychotic Agents, therapeutic use, Delirium, drug therapy, Diagnosis, Differential, Geriatric Assessment, Humans |
| Assessing for delirium. | Schofield I | Nursing older people | 2002 |
Age Factors, Aged, Delirium, diagnosis, Humans |
| Agitated delirium and sudden death. | Vilke GM, Chan TC | Prehospital emergency care : official journal of the National Association of EMS Physicians and the National Association of State EMS Directors | 2002 |
Adult, Asphyxia, etiology, Death, Sudden, etiology, Delirium, complications, Emergency Medical Services, Female, Humans, Immobilization, adverse effects, Male, Middle Aged, Restraint, Physical, United States |
| Confusion assessment method (CAM). | Waszynski CM | Insight (American Society of Ophthalmic Registered Nurses) | 2002 |
Delirium, diagnosis, Humans, Psychological Tests, Reproducibility of Results |
| A case study of postoperative delirium. | Wendel I | AORN journal | 2002 |
Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Delirium, diagnosis, Dementia, complications, Geriatric Assessment, Humans, Male, Nursing Assessment, Operating Room Nursing, methods, Pain, Postoperative, complications, Postoperative Complications, diagnosis, Preoperative Care, Risk Factors |
| Delirium severity and psychomotor types: their relationship with outcomes after hip fracture repair. | Marcantonio E, Ta T, Duthie E, Resnick NM | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 2002 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cohort Studies, Delirium, etiology, Female, Hip Fractures, complications, Humans, Length of Stay, Male, Nursing Homes, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Prospective Studies, Psychomotor Disorders, complications, Recovery of Function, physiology, Severity of Illness Index |
| Symptoms of delirium among elderly medical inpatients with or without dementia. | Cole MG, McCusker J, Dendukuri N, Han L | The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences | 2002 |
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cluster Analysis, Delirium, diagnosis, Dementia, complications, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychomotor Disorders, epidemiology, Severity of Illness Index |
| Cortisol response to surgery and postoperative confusion in depressed patients under general anesthesia with fentanyl. | Kudoh A, Takahira Y, Katagai H, Takazawa T | Neuropsychobiology | 2002 |
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, blood, Adult, Anesthesia, General, adverse effects, Anesthetics, Intravenous, administration & dosage, Case-Control Studies, Confusion, blood, Depressive Disorder, blood, Fentanyl, administration & dosage, Humans, Hydrocortisone, blood, Middle Aged, Narcotics, adverse effects, Orthopedic Procedures, Postoperative Complications, blood, Propofol, adverse effects, Time Factors |
| Schizophrenic patients who develop postoperative confusion have an increased norepinephrine and cortisol response to surgery. | Kudoh A, Takahira Y, Katagai H, Takazawa T | Neuropsychobiology | 2002 |
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, blood, Adult, Aged, Case-Control Studies, Confusion, blood, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, blood, Male, Middle Aged, Norepinephrine, blood, Postoperative Complications, blood, Schizophrenia, blood, Time Factors |
| Anesthesia with ketamine, propofol, and fentanyl decreases the frequency of postoperative psychosis emergence and confusion in schizophrenic patients. | Kudoh A, Katagai H, Takazawa T | Journal of clinical anesthesia | 2002 |
Adult, Aged, Anesthesia, General, Anesthesia, Intravenous, Anesthetics, Dissociative, adverse effects, Anesthetics, Intravenous, Confusion, chemically induced, Female, Fentanyl, Fractures, Bone, surgery, Humans, Ketamine, adverse effects, Male, Middle Aged, Postoperative Complications, psychology, Propofol, Prospective Studies, Psychoses, Substance-Induced, etiology, Schizophrenic Psychology |
| Small-dose ketamine improves the postoperative state of depressed patients. | Kudoh A, Takahira Y, Katagai H, Takazawa T | Anesthesia and analgesia | 2002 |
Adult, Anesthesia, General, Anesthetics, Dissociative, Blood Loss, Surgical, Depressive Disorder, psychology, Female, Humans, Ketamine, Male, Middle Aged, Pain Measurement, Pain, Postoperative, psychology, Postoperative Period, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales |
| Antidepressant treatment for chronic depressed patients should not be discontinued prior to anesthesia. | Kudoh A, Katagai H, Takazawa T | Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthésie | 2002 |
Adult, Anesthesia, Antidepressive Agents, adverse effects, Arrhythmias, Cardiac, epidemiology, Chronic Disease, Confusion, etiology, Depression, drug therapy, Hemodynamics, Humans, Hypotension, epidemiology, Intraoperative Complications, etiology, Middle Aged |
| Preoperative factors associated with postoperative change in confusion assessment method score in hip fracture patients. | Zakriya KJ, Christmas C, Wenz JF, Franckowiak S, Anderson R, Sieber FE | Anesthesia and analgesia | 2002 |
Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Analysis of Variance, Confusion, diagnosis, Female, Hip Fractures, surgery, Humans, Leukocyte Count, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Odds Ratio, Orthopedic Procedures, adverse effects, Postoperative Complications, epidemiology, Preoperative Care, Risk Factors, Sodium, blood |
| Patients with hip fracture: subgroups and their outcomes. | Eastwood EA, Magaziner J, Wang J, Silberzweig SB, Hannan EL, Strauss E, Siu AL | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 2002 |
Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cluster Analysis, Decision Trees, Female, Geriatric Assessment, Hip Fractures, physiopathology, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, New York City, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Prospective Studies, Treatment Outcome |
| Improving medication use in newly admitted home healthcare patients: a randomized controlled trial. | Meredith S, Feldman P, Frey D, Giammarco L, Hall K, Arnold K, Brown NJ, Ray WA | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 2002 |
Aged, Drug Therapy, standards, Follow-Up Studies, Home Care Agencies, Home Care Services, standards, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Outcome Assessment (Health Care) |
| A scale for measuring patient perceptions of the quality of end-of-life care and satisfaction with treatment: the reliability and validity of QUEST. | Sulmasy DP, McIlvane JM, Pasley PM, Rahn M | Journal of pain and symptom management | 2002 |
Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Palliative Care, standards, Patient Satisfaction, Quality Assurance, Health Care, methods, Reproducibility of Results |
| Patients' ratings of quality and satisfaction with care at the end of life. | Sulmasy DP, McIlvane JM | Archives of internal medicine | 2002 |
Academic Medical Centers, standards, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Analysis of Variance, Cross-Sectional Studies, District of Columbia, Female, Hospice Care, psychology, Humans, Internship and Residency, standards, Male, Middle Aged, New York, Nurse-Patient Relations, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Palliative Care, psychology, Patient Satisfaction, Physician-Patient Relations, Quality Assurance, Health Care, Quality of Life, Questionnaires, Resuscitation Orders |
| Antipsychotics and dopamine transporter gene polymorphisms in delirium patients. | Kim JY, Jung IK, Han C, Cho SH, Kim L, Kim SH, Lee BH, Lee HJ, Kim YK | Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences | 2005 |
Adult, Antipsychotic Agents, administration & dosage, Delirium, drug therapy, Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins, Female, Haloperidol, administration & dosage, Humans, Korea, Male, Membrane Glycoproteins, genetics, Membrane Transport Proteins, genetics, Nerve Tissue Proteins, genetics, Polymorphism, Genetic, genetics, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Risperidone, administration & dosage |
| Outcomes of older people admitted to postacute facilities with delirium. | Marcantonio ER, Kiely DK, Simon SE, John Orav E, Jones RN, Murphy KM, Bergmann MA | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 2005 |
Accidental Falls, statistics & numerical data, Acute Disease, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cohort Studies, Comorbidity, Dehydration, epidemiology, Delirium, epidemiology, Female, Heart Failure, epidemiology, Homes for the Aged, statistics & numerical data, Humans, Male, Massachusetts, epidemiology, Nursing Homes, statistics & numerical data, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Pneumonia, epidemiology, Proportional Hazards Models, Skin Diseases, epidemiology, Survival Analysis, Urinary Tract Infections, epidemiology |
| Large-scale implementation of sedation and delirium monitoring in the intensive care unit: a report from two medical centers. | Pun BT, Gordon SM, Peterson JF, Shintani AK, Jackson JC, Foss J, Harding SD, Bernard GR, Dittus RS, Ely EW | Critical care medicine | 2005 |
Adult, Aged, Critical Care, standards, Delirium, nursing, Drug Utilization Review, Female, Guideline Adherence, Hospitals, University, Hospitals, Veterans, Humans, Hypnotics and Sedatives, administration & dosage, Intensive Care Units, standards, Male, Middle Aged, Nursing Assessment, Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care), Prospective Studies, Respiration, Artificial, nursing, Tennessee |
| Prevalence, course, and risk factors for executive impairment in patients hospitalized on a general medicine service. | Schillerstrom JE, Horton MS, Schillerstrom TL, Joshi KG, Earthman BS, Velez AM, Royall DR | Psychosomatics | 2005 |
Cognition Disorders, diagnosis, Female, Hospitalization, Hospitals, General, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Texas, epidemiology |
| Delirium: a process improvement approach to changing prescribing practices in a community teaching hospital. | Pierre JS | Journal of nursing care quality | 2005 |
Aged, Attitude of Health Personnel, Delirium, chemically induced, Drug Prescriptions, standards, Drug Utilization Review, Education, Medical, Continuing, organization & administration, Geriatric Assessment, Geriatrics, education, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Health Services Needs and Demand, Hospitals, Community, Hospitals, Teaching, Humans, Incidence, Medical Staff, Hospital, education, Midwestern United States, epidemiology, Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care), organization & administration, Patient Care Team, organization & administration, Physician’s Practice Patterns, standards, Prevalence, Professional Staff Committees, organization & administration, Risk Factors, Total Quality Management, organization & administration |
| Educational disadvantage impairs functional recovery after hospitalization in older persons. | Chaudhry SI, Friedkin RJ, Horwitz RI, Inouye SK | The American journal of medicine | 2004 |
Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cohort Studies, Data Collection, Educational Status, Female, Geriatric Assessment, Hospitalization, statistics & numerical data, Humans, Male, Multivariate Analysis, Prospective Studies, Recovery of Function |
| Translating research into clinical practice: making change happen. | Bradley EH, Schlesinger M, Webster TR, Baker D, Inouye SK | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 2004 |
Aged, Diffusion of Innovation, Evidence-Based Medicine, Health Services Research, Health Services for the Aged, manpower, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Organizational Innovation, Organizational Objectives, Program Development, Program Evaluation, Quality Assurance, Health Care, United States |
| Prevalence and outcomes of low mobility in hospitalized older patients. | Brown CJ, Friedkin RJ, Inouye SK | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 2004 |
Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Bed Rest, Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Iatrogenic Disease, Inpatients, Locomotion, physiology, Male, Prevalence, Prospective Studies |
| Achieving goals in geriatric assessment: role of caregiver agreement and adherence to recommendations. | Bogardus ST, Bradley EH, Williams CS, Maciejewski PK, Gallo WT, Inouye SK | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 2004 |
Aged, Caregivers, Female, Geriatric Assessment, Goals, Guideline Adherence, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Male, Prospective Studies, Regression Analysis |
| Translating research into practice: speeding the adoption of innovative health care programs. | Bradley EH, Webster TR, Baker D, Schlesinger M, Inouye SK, Barth MC, Lapane KL, Lipson D, Stone R, Koren MJ | Issue brief (Commonwealth Fund) | 2004 |
Decision Making, Organizational, Diffusion of Innovation, Health Services Research, utilization, Humans, Information Dissemination, Interdepartmental Relations, Leadership, Organizational Culture, Research, Time Factors |
| [Incidence and risk factors of delirium after hip surgery]. | Bickel H, Gradinger R, Kochs E, Wagner K, Förstl H | Psychiatrische Praxis | 2004 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anesthesia, General, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip, Comorbidity, Delirium, epidemiology, Female, Hip Fractures, surgery, Humans, Incidence, Male, Middle Aged, Postoperative Complications, epidemiology, Risk Factors |
| Current opinions regarding the importance, diagnosis, and management of delirium in the intensive care unit: a survey of 912 healthcare professionals. | Ely EW, Stephens RK, Jackson JC, Thomason JW, Truman B, Gordon S, Dittus RS, Bernard GR | Critical care medicine | 2004 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Attitude of Health Personnel, Critical Care, standards, Delirium, diagnosis, Female, Health Care Surveys, Humans, Intensive Care Units, standards, Male, Prognosis, Quality of Health Care, Questionnaires, Respiration, Artificial, Risk Assessment, Survival Analysis, Treatment Outcome, United States, epidemiology |
| Costs associated with delirium in mechanically ventilated patients. | Milbrandt EB, Deppen S, Harrison PL, Shintani AK, Speroff T, Stiles RA, Truman B, Bernard GR, Dittus RS, Ely EW | Critical care medicine | 2004 |
APACHE, Adult, Aged, Costs and Cost Analysis, Delirium, economics, Female, Glasgow Coma Scale, Hospital Charges, statistics & numerical data, Hospital Costs, statistics & numerical data, Humans, Intensive Care, economics, Male, Middle Aged, Respiration, Artificial, economics, United States |
| How do delirium and dementia increase length of stay of elderly general medical inpatients? | Saravay SM, Kaplowitz M, Kurek J, Zeman D, Pollack S, Novik S, Knowlton S, Brendel M, Hoffman L | Psychosomatics | 2004 |
Aged, Cognition Disorders, diagnosis, Delirium, complications, Dementia, complications, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Length of Stay, statistics & numerical data, Male, Mental Disorders, etiology, Neuropsychological Tests |
| Drug therapy for delirium in terminally ill patients. | Jackson KC, Lipman AG | The Cochrane database of systematic reviews | 2004 |
Antipsychotic Agents, therapeutic use, Chlorpromazine, therapeutic use, Delirium, drug therapy, Haloperidol, therapeutic use, Humans, Lorazepam, therapeutic use, Terminally Ill, psychology |
| The delirium index, a measure of the severity of delirium: new findings on reliability, validity, and responsiveness. | McCusker J, Cole MG, Dendukuri N, Belzile E | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 2004 |
Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Cognition, Comorbidity, Delirium, classification, Dementia, complications, Female, Humans, Male, Prospective Studies, Reproducibility of Results, Severity of Illness Index |
| Effect of postoperative delirium on outcome after hip fracture. | Edelstein DM, Aharonoff GB, Karp A, Capla EL, Zuckerman JD, Koval KJ | Clinical orthopaedics and related research | 2004 |
Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Analysis of Variance, Cohort Studies, Delirium, epidemiology, Female, Fracture Fixation, Internal, adverse effects, Fracture Healing, physiology, Hip Fractures, diagnosis, Humans, Incidence, Male, Multivariate Analysis, Postoperative Complications, diagnosis, Probability, Prognosis, Retrospective Studies, Risk Assessment, Sex Factors, Survival Analysis |
| Admission characteristics of trauma patients in whom delirium develops. | Blondell RD, Powell GE, Dodds HN, Looney SW, Lukan JK | American journal of surgery | 2004 |
Age Distribution, Case-Control Studies, Critical Care, Delirium, diagnosis, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Incidence, Injury Severity Score, Logistic Models, Male, Multiple Trauma, diagnosis, Odds Ratio, Patient Admission, standards, Predictive Value of Tests, Probability, Prognosis, Risk Assessment, Sex Distribution, Survival Rate, Time Factors, Trauma Centers |
| An approach to drug induced delirium in the elderly. | Alagiakrishnan K, Wiens CA | Postgraduate medical journal | 2004 |
Aged, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, adverse effects, Central Nervous System Agents, adverse effects, Complementary Therapies, adverse effects, Delirium, chemically induced, Disease Susceptibility, Humans, Respiratory System Agents, adverse effects |
| Delirium doulas: an innovative approach to enhance care for critically ill older adults. | Balas MC, Gale M, Kagan SH | Critical care nurse | 2004 |
Aged, Critical Care, methods, Critical Illness, Delirium, nursing, Female, Geriatric Nursing, methods, Humans, Nurse’s Role, Obstetric Nursing, education, Pregnancy, Program Development, Volunteers, organization & administration |
| Delirium symptoms and low dietary intake in older inpatients are independent predictors of institutionalization: a 1-year prospective population-based study. | Bourdel-Marchasson I, Vincent S, Germain C, Salles N, Jenn J, Rasoamanarivo E, Emeriau JP, Rainfray M, Richard-Harston S | The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences | 2004 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Delirium, diagnosis, Female, Geriatric Assessment, Humans, Incidence, Institutionalization, statistics & numerical data, Logistic Models, Male, Nutritional Status, Predictive Value of Tests, Prevalence, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Statistics, Nonparametric |
| Delirium in the first days of acute stroke. | Caeiro L, Ferro JM, Albuquerque R, Figueira ML | Journal of neurology | 2004 |
Acute Disease, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Brain Stem Infarctions, complications, Causality, Cerebral Hemorrhage, complications, Cerebral Infarction, complications, Coronary Disease, complications, Delirium, etiology, Female, Humans, Male, Metabolic Diseases, complications, Middle Aged, Perceptual Disorders, complications, Prospective Studies, Stroke, complications |
| Delirium. | Henderson AS | International psychogeriatrics / IPA | 1991 |
Aged, Delirium, diagnosis, Diagnosis, Differential, Hospitalization, Humans, Risk Factors |
| Delirium in acute stroke: a preliminary study of the role of anticholinergic medications. | Caeiro L, Ferro JM, Claro MI, Coelho J, Albuquerque R, Figueira ML | European journal of neurology : the official journal of the European Federation of Neurological Societies | 2004 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Analysis of Variance, Case-Control Studies, Cerebral Hemorrhage, complications, Cholinergic Antagonists, therapeutic use, Delirium, drug therapy, Female, Humans, Male, Regression Analysis, Retrospective Studies, Stroke, complications, Treatment Outcome |
| Delirium in elderly patients. | Cole MG | The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry | 2004 |
Acute Disease, Aged, Consciousness Disorders, diagnosis, Delirium, diagnosis, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Humans, Incidence, Language Disorders, diagnosis, Mood Disorders, diagnosis, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Sleep Disorders, diagnosis, Social Support, Wakefulness |
| Bioelectrical impedance analysis and other hydration parameters as risk factors for delirium in rural nursing home residents. | Culp KR, Wakefield B, Dyck MJ, Cacchione PZ, DeCrane S, Decker S | The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences | 2004 |
Aged, Dehydration, diagnosis, Delirium, diagnosis, Electric Impedance, Female, Humans, Long-Term Care, Male, Nursing Homes, Risk Factors, Rural Health Services |
| Changes in mental status. | Curtin AJ | Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association | 2004 |
Aged, Delirium, diagnosis, Dementia, diagnosis, Diagnosis, Differential, Geriatric Assessment, Hospitalization, Humans, Podiatry, methods |
| Adding rivastigmine to antipsychotics in the treatment of a chronic delirium. | Dautzenberg PL, Mulder LJ, Olde Rikkert MG, Wouters CJ, Loonen AJ | Age and ageing | 2004 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antipsychotic Agents, administration & dosage, Cholinesterase Inhibitors, administration & dosage, Chronic Disease, Delirium, drug therapy, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Phenylcarbamates, administration & dosage, Retrospective Studies |
| Delirium: behavioural changes before and during the prodromal phase. | Duppils GS, Wikblad K | Journal of clinical nursing | 2004 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anxiety, classification, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip, adverse effects, Case-Control Studies, Chi-Square Distribution, Cognition Disorders, classification, Delirium, classification, Disease Progression, Female, Geriatric Assessment, Hip Fractures, complications, Humans, Male, Mental Disorders, classification, Mental Status Schedule, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index, Statistics, Nonparametric, Time Factors |