What is the Delirium Bibliography? The searchable Delirium Bibliography page is one of our most popular features, allowing you to quickly gain access to the literature on delirium and acute care of older persons. It is primarily intended for clinicians and researchers interested in exploring these topics. The NIDUS team keeps it updated for you on a monthly basis!
How to Search for Articles: Search by author, title, year, and/or keywords. Each article is indexed by keywords taken from MEDLINE and other relevant databases. Click on the title of the article to read the abstract, journal, etc.
Reference Information
- Title
- Interventions for preventing intensive care unit delirium in adults.
- Authors
- Herling, S. F. Greve, I. E. Vasilevskis, E. E. Egerod, I. Bekker Mortensen, C. Møller, A. M. Svenningsen, H. Thomsen, T.
- Year
- 2018
- Journal
- Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
- Abstract
Background: Delirium is defined as a disturbance in attention, awareness and cognition with reduced ability to direct, focus, sustain and shift attention, and reduced orientation to the environment. Critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) frequently develop ICU delirium. It can profoundly affect both them and their families because it is associated with increased mortality, longer duration of mechanical ventilation, longer hospital and ICU stay and long-term cognitive impairment. It also results in increased costs for society. Objectives: To assess existing evidence for the effect of preventive interventions on ICU delirium, in-hospital mortality, the number of delirium- and coma-free days, ventilator-free days, length of stay in the ICU and cognitive impairment. Search methods: We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, BIOSIS, International Web of Science, Latin American Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, CINAHL from 1980 to 11 April 2018 without any language limits. We adapted the MEDLINE search for searching the other databases. Furthermore, we checked references, searched citations and contacted study authors to identify additional studies. We also checked the following trial registries: Current Controlled Trials; ClinicalTrials.gov; and CenterWatch.com (all on 24 April 2018). Selection criteria: We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of adult medical or surgical ICU patients receiving any intervention for preventing ICU delirium. The control could be standard ICU care, placebo or both. We assessed the quality of evidence with GRADE. Data collection and analysis: We checked titles and abstracts to exclude obviously irrelevant studies and obtained full reports on potentially relevant ones. Two review authors independently extracted data. If possible we conducted meta-analyses, otherwise we synthesized data narratively. Main results: The electronic search yielded 8746 records. We included 12 RCTs (3885 participants) comparing usual care with the following interventions: commonly used drugs (four studies); sedation regimens (four studies); physical therapy or cognitive therapy, or both (one study); environmental interventions (two studies); and preventive nursing care (one study). We found 15 ongoing studies and five studies awaiting classification. The participants were 48 to 70 years old; 48% to 74% were male; the mean acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE II) score was 14 to 28 (range 0 to 71; higher scores correspond to more severe disease and a higher risk of death). With the exception of one study, all participants were mechanically ventilated in medical or surgical ICUs or mixed. The studies were overall at low risk of bias. Six studies were at high risk of detection bias due to lack of blinding of outcome assessors. We report results for the two most commonly explored approaches to delirium prevention: pharmacologic and a non-pharmacologic intervention. Haloperidol versus placebo (two RCTs, 1580 participants) The event rate of ICU delirium was measured in one study including 1439 participants. No difference was identified between groups, (risk ratio (RR) 1.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.87 to 1.17) (moderate-quality evidence). Haloperidol versus placebo neither reduced or increased in-hospital mortality, (RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.80 to 1.22; 2 studies; 1580 participants (moderate-quality evidence)); the number of delirium- and coma-free days, (mean difference (MD) -0.60, 95% CI -1.37 to 0.17; 2 studies, 1580 participants (moderate-quality of evidence)); number of ventilator-free days (mean 23.8 (MD -0.30, 95% CI -0.93 to 0.33) 1 study; 1439 participants, (high-quality evidence)); length of ICU stay, (MD 0.18, 95% CI -0.60 to 0.97); 2 studies, 1580 participants; high-quality evidence). None of the studies measured cognitive impairment. In one study there were three serious adverse events in the intervention group and five in the placebo group; in the other there were five serious adverse events and three patients died, one in each group. None of the serious adverse eve ts were judged to be related to interventions received (moderate-quality evidence). Physical and cognitive therapy interventions (one study, 65 participants) The study did not measure the event rate of ICU delirium. A physical and cognitive therapy intervention versus standard care neither reduced nor increased in-hospital mortality, (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.40 to 2.20, I2; = 0; 1 study, 65 participants; very low-quality evidence); the number of delirium- and coma-free days, (MD -2.8, 95% CI -10.1 to 4.6, I2; = 0; 1 study, 65 participants; very low-quality evidence); the number of ventilator-free days (within the first 28/30 days) was median 27.4 (IQR 0 to 29.2) and 25 (IQR 0 to 28.9); 1 study, 65 participants; very low-quality evidence, length of ICU stay, (MD 1.23, 95% CI -0.68 to 3.14, I2; = 0; 1 study, 65 participants; very low-quality evidence); cognitive impairment measured by the MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination with higher scores indicating better function, (MD 0.97, 95% CI -0.19 to 2.13, I2; = 0; 1 study, 30 participants; very low-quality evidence); or measured by the Dysexecutive questionnaire (DEX) with lower scores indicating better function (MD -8.76, 95% CI -19.06 to 1.54, I2; = 0; 1 study, 30 participants; very low-quality evidence). One patient experienced acute back pain accompanied by hypotensive urgency during physical therapy. Authors’ conclusions: There is probably little or no difference between haloperidol and placebo for preventing ICU delirium but further studies are needed to increase our confidence in the findings. There is insufficient evidence to determine the effects of physical and cognitive intervention on delirium. The effects of other pharmacological interventions, sedation, environmental, and preventive nursing interventions are unclear and warrant further investigation in large multicentre studies. Five studies are awaiting classification and we identified 15 ongoing studies, evaluating pharmacological interventions, sedation regimens, physical and occupational therapy combined or separately, and environmental interventions, that may alter the conclusions of the review in future.
- PMID
- Keywords
ISRCTN83567338
NCT00095251
NCT00466492
NCT00675363
NCT00824239
NCT01270269
NCT01274819
NCT01739933
NCT01785290
NCT01791296
NCT0196768
NCT01983800
NCT02245256
NCT02548923
NCT02612948
NCT02615340
NCT02932358
NCT03002701
NCT03095443
NCT03125252
NCT03172897
NCT03215745
dexmedetomidine
haloperidol
lorazepam
placebo
adult
APACHE
artificial ventilation
bradycardia
cognitive defect
cognitive therapy
coma
critically ill patient
delirium
environmental intervention
health care cost
hospital mortality
human
intensive care unit
intention to treat analysis
intervention study
length of stay
nursing intervention
outcome assessment
physiotherapy
priority journal
randomized controlled trial (topic)
review
sedation
seizure
sensitivity analysis
treatment duration
ventilator weaning
- Page(s)
- Volume
- 2018
- Issue
- 11
| Title | Authors | Journal | Year | Keywords |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delirium/acute confusional states: evaluation devices in nursing. | Williams MA | International psychogeriatrics / IPA | 1991 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cerebral Cortex, physiopathology, Confusion, diagnosis, Delirium, diagnosis, Hospitalization, Humans, Neuropsychological Tests, statistics & numerical data, Nursing Assessment, Nursing Diagnosis, Psychometrics |
| Cognitive impairment and length of hospital stay in older persons. | Binder EF, Robins LN | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 1990 |
Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cognition Disorders, diagnosis, Educational Status, Female, Hospitalization, statistics & numerical data, Humans, Interview, Psychological, Length of Stay, Male, Mental Status Schedule, standards, Predictive Value of Tests, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, standards, Questionnaires, Risk Factors |
| A prospective study of delirium in hospitalized elderly. | Francis J, Martin D, Kapoor WN | JAMA | 1990 |
Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Delirium, epidemiology, Follow-Up Studies, Hospital Bed Capacity, 500 and over, Hospitalization, statistics & numerical data, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Length of Stay, statistics & numerical data, Logistic Models, Mental Status Schedule, Pennsylvania, epidemiology, Risk Factors |
| Effect of psychiatric liaison nurse specialist consultation on the care of medical-surgical patients with sitters. | Talley S, Davis DS, Goicoechea N, Brown L, Barber LL | Archives of psychiatric nursing | 1990 |
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Consultants, Female, Hospitals, General, Humans, Male, Mental Disorders, nursing, Middle Aged, Nurse Clinicians, Nurses’ Aides, utilization, Nursing Evaluation Research, Psychiatric Nursing |
| Clarifying confusion: the confusion assessment method. A new method for detection of delirium. | Inouye SK, van Dyck CH, Alessi CA, Balkin S, Siegal AP, Horwitz RI | Annals of internal medicine | 1990 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Algorithms, Confusion, diagnosis, Delirium, diagnosis, Female, Humans, Male, Prospective Studies, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Questionnaires, Reproducibility of Results, Sensitivity and Specificity |
| Histological studies on the effects of pineal 5-methoxyindoles on the reproductive organs of the male golden hamster. | Ooi VE, Ng TB | Journal of pineal research | 1989 |
5-Methoxytryptamine, pharmacology, Animals, Cricetinae, Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid, analogs & derivatives, Indoles, pharmacology, Leydig Cells, drug effects, Male, Melatonin, pharmacology, Mesocricetus, Pineal Gland, physiology, Seminal Vesicles, anatomy & histology, Testis, anatomy & histology |
| Cryptococcal pyarthrosis complicating gouty arthritis. | Sinnott JT, Holt DA | Southern medical journal | 1989 |
Acute Disease, Arthritis, Gouty, complications, Arthritis, Infectious, complications, Cryptococcosis, complications, Cryptococcus neoformans, isolation & purification, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Humans, Kidney Transplantation, Knee Joint, Metacarpophalangeal Joint, Middle Aged |
| Confusion in the hospitalized elderly: incidence, onset, and associated factors. | Foreman MD | Research in nursing & health | 1989 |
Adaptation, Psychological, Aged, psychology, Cognition Disorders, etiology, Confusion, etiology, Female, Holistic Health, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Risk Factors |
| Duration of delirium shortened by the correction of electrolyte imbalance. | Koizumi J, Shiraishi H, Ofuku K, Suzuki T | The Japanese journal of psychiatry and neurology | 1988 |
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Delirium, blood, Electrolytes, administration & dosage, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Water-Electrolyte Imbalance, blood |
| Identification of factors associated with the diagnosis of delirium in elderly hospitalized patients. | Levkoff SE, Safran C, Cleary PD, Gallop J, Phillips RS | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 1988 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Delirium, diagnosis, Female, Humans, Length of Stay, Leukocyte Count, Male, Probability, Proteinuria, complications, Risk Factors, Serum Albumin, deficiency, Urinary Tract Infections, complications |
| A prospective study of delirium and prolonged hospital stay. Exploratory study. | Thomas RI, Cameron DJ, Fahs MC | Archives of general psychiatry | 1988 |
Aged, Delirium, diagnosis, Diagnosis-Related Groups, Disease, complications, Economics, Hospital, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Length of Stay, economics, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies |
| Delirium: a test of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual III criteria on medical inpatients. | Cameron DJ, Thomas RI, Mulvihill M, Bronheim H | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 1987 |
Adult, Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Delirium, classification, Diagnostic Tests, Routine, Hospitalization, Humans, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales |
| Acute confusional states in hospitalized elderly: a research dilemma. | Foreman MD | Nursing research | 1986 |
Acute Disease, Aged, Cognition Disorders, classification, Confusion, classification, Hospitalization, Humans, Models, Biological, Research |
| After the fall--confusion. | Campbell EB, Williams MA, Mlynarczyk SM | The American journal of nursing | 1986 |
Aged, Cognition Disorders, etiology, Confusion, etiology, Fear, Hallucinations, nursing, Hip Fractures, nursing, Hospitalization, Humans, Illusions, nursing, Immobilization, Nursing Assessment |
| Bedside cognitive screening instruments. A critical assessment. | Nelson A, Fogel BS, Faust D | The Journal of nervous and mental disease | 1986 |
Adult, Aged, Cognition Disorders, diagnosis, Diagnosis, Differential, False Negative Reactions, False Positive Reactions, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Mental Disorders, complications, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychometrics, Research Design |
| Acute confusional states (delirium) in the hospitalized elderly. | Levkoff SE, Besdine RW, Wetle T | Annual review of gerontology & geriatrics | 1986 |
Aged, Cognition Disorders, etiology, Confusion, etiology, Delirium, etiology, Hospitalization, Humans, Postoperative Complications, etiology |
| Confusion after admission to hospital in elderly patients using benzodiazepines. | Foy A, Drinkwater V, March S, Mearrick P | British medical journal (Clinical research ed.) | 1986 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anti-Anxiety Agents, adverse effects, Benzodiazepines, Cognition Disorders, chemically induced, Confusion, chemically induced, Hospitalization, Humans, Prospective Studies, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome |
| Effect of fasting on hypoxia tolerance of mice in relation to oxygen consumption and heart rate. | Watanabe C, Suzuki T | Aviation, space, and environmental medicine | 1985 |
Animals, Anoxia, physiopathology, Body Weight, Energy Metabolism, Fasting, Heart Rate, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred ICR, Oxygen, blood |
| Acute confusional states in the elderly: an algorithm. | Foreman MD | Dimensions of critical care nursing : DCCN | 1984 |
Aged, Cognition Disorders, Confusion, Geriatric Nursing, Humans, Nursing Assessment, Nursing Process, Patient Care Planning |
| Transient cognitive disorders (delirium, acute confusional states) in the elderly. | Lipowski ZJ | The American journal of psychiatry | 1983 |
Acute Disease, Aged, Cognition Disorders, diagnosis, Confusion, diagnosis, Delirium, diagnosis, Dementia, diagnosis, Diagnosis, Differential, Humans, Stress, Psychological, psychology |
| Adverse consequences of hospitalization in the elderly. | Gillick MR, Serrell NA, Gillick LS | Social science & medicine (1982) | 1982 |
Aged, psychology, Boston, Confusion, psychology, Eating Disorders, psychology, Hospital Bed Capacity, 500 and over, Hospitalization, Humans, Iatrogenic Disease, epidemiology, Prospective Studies, Psychophysiologic Disorders, Social Adjustment, Urinary Incontinence, psychology |
| How to prevent confusion in hospitalized elderly. | Remakus BL, Shelly RM | Geriatrics | 1981 |
Aged, Cognition Disorders, prevention & control, Confusion, prevention & control, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Male |
| The relationship of 'nuclear' and 'atypical' psychoses: some proposals for a classification of disorders in the borderlands of schizophrenia. | Roth M, McClelland H | Psychiatria clinica | 1979 |
Adult, Brain Diseases, diagnosis, Delirium, Dementia, Amnestic, Cognitive Disorders, diagnosis, Diagnosis, Differential, Humans, Male, Prognosis, Psychoses, Substance-Induced, diagnosis, Psychotic Disorders, classification, Schizophrenia, diagnosis, Schizophrenic Psychology, Substance-Related Disorders, diagnosis, Suicide, Attempted, psychology, Time Factors |
| A short portable mental status questionnaire for the assessment of organic brain deficit in elderly patients. | Pfeiffer E | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 1975 |
Aged, Continental Population Groups, Delirium, Dementia, Amnestic, Cognitive Disorders, diagnosis, Educational Status, Humans, Intelligence Tests, Mental Disorders, diagnosis, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychometrics |
| The cause of delirium in patients with hip fracture. | Brauer C, Morrison RS, Silberzweig SB, Siu AL | Archives of internal medicine | 2000 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Confounding Factors (Epidemiology), Delirium, chemically induced, Female, Hip Fractures, complications, Humans, Male, Mental Status Schedule, New York City, epidemiology, Prevalence, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors |
| Large neutral amino acid changes and delirium in febrile elderly medical patients. | Flacker JM, Lipsitz LA | The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences | 2000 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Amino Acids, blood, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Delirium, blood, Female, Fever, blood, Frail Elderly, Humans, Linear Models, Male, Phenylalanine, blood, Prospective Studies, Tryptophan, blood |
| The role of the advanced practice nurse in facilitating a clinical research study. Screening for delirium. | Lacko LA, Dellasega C, Salerno FA, Singer H, DeLucca J, Rothenberger C | Clinical nurse specialist CNS | 2000 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Clinical Nursing Research, Delirium, diagnosis, Education, Nursing, Continuing, Female, Geriatric Assessment, Geriatric Nursing, methods, Hospitals, Community, Humans, Male, Mass Screening, nursing, Nurse Clinicians, Nursing Staff, Hospital, Staff Development |
| A comparison of pain and its treatment in advanced dementia and cognitively intact patients with hip fracture. | Morrison RS, Siu AL | Journal of pain and symptom management | 2000 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cognition Disorders, complications, Cohort Studies, Dementia, complications, Female, Hip Fractures, complications, Humans, Male, Pain, complications |
| Prevalence and detection of delirium in elderly emergency department patients. | Elie M, Rousseau F, Cole M, Primeau F, McCusker J, Bellavance F | CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne | 2000 |
Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Confidence Intervals, Confusion, diagnosis, Delirium, diagnosis, Demography, Emergency Service, Hospital, statistics & numerical data, Female, Hospitals, Teaching, Humans, Lung Diseases, diagnosis, Male, Medical Records, Mental Status Schedule, Nervous System Diseases, diagnosis, Prevalence, Quebec, epidemiology, Sensitivity and Specificity, Severity of Illness Index, Single-Blind Method |
| The bedside confusion scale: development of a portable bedside test for confusion and its application to the palliative medicine population. | Stillman MJ, Rybicki LA | Journal of palliative medicine | 2000 | |
| Development and validation of a brief observer-rated screening scale for depression in elderly medical patients. | Hammond MF, O'Keeffe ST, Barer DH | Age and ageing | 2000 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Depression, diagnosis, Female, Geriatric Assessment, Health Services for the Aged, Humans, Male, Predictive Value of Tests, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, standards, Sensitivity and Specificity |
| Predisposing and precipitating factors for delirium in hospitalized older patients. | Inouye SK | Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders | 1999 |
Aged, Causality, Cohort Studies, Delirium, epidemiology, Disease Susceptibility, Hospitalization, statistics & numerical data, Humans, Models, Neurological, Prospective Studies |
| Goal-setting in clinical medicine. | Bradley EH, Bogardus ST, Tinetti ME, Inouye SK | Social science & medicine (1982) | 1999 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Communication, Dementia, Female, Geriatric Assessment, Goals, Humans, Male, Physician-Patient Relations, Professional-Family Relations, Risk-Taking, Social Values |
| Epidemiology of delirium. | Bucht G, Gustafson Y, Sandberg O | Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders | 1999 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Delirium, epidemiology, Health Services for the Aged, statistics & numerical data, Hospitals, General, statistics & numerical data, Humans, Incidence, Postoperative Complications, Prevalence, World Health |
| Delirium in an acute geriatric unit: clinical aspects. | Feldman J, Yaretzky A, Kaizimov N, Alterman P, Vigder C | Archives of gerontology and geriatrics | 1999 | |
| A multicomponent intervention to prevent delirium in hospitalized older patients. | Inouye SK, Bogardus ST, Charpentier PA, Leo-Summers L, Acampora D, Holford TR, Cooney LM | The New England journal of medicine | 1999 |
Aged, psychology, Aged, 80 and over, psychology, Clinical Protocols, Delirium, classification, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Incidence, Logistic Models, Male, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Treatment Outcome |
| Delirium: a symptom of how hospital care is failing older persons and a window to improve quality of hospital care. | Inouye SK, Schlesinger MJ, Lydon TJ | The American journal of medicine | 1999 |
Aged, Attitude of Health Personnel, Clinical Competence, Delirium, diagnosis, Diagnosis, Differential, Education, Medical, Hospitalization, Humans, Iatrogenic Disease, Nursing Service, Hospital, standards, Organizational Innovation, Quality of Health Care, trends, Total Quality Management, United States |
| Drug-induced cognitive impairment in the elderly. | Moore AR, O'Keeffe ST | Drugs & aging | 1999 |
Aged, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, adverse effects, Cholinergic Antagonists, adverse effects, Delirium, chemically induced, Dementia, chemically induced, Histamine H2 Antagonists, adverse effects, Humans, Psychotropic Drugs, adverse effects |
| Clinical significance of delirium subtypes in older people. | O'Keeffe ST, Lavan JN | Age and ageing | 1999 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antipsychotic Agents, therapeutic use, Delirium, classification, Haloperidol, therapeutic use, Humans, Prospective Studies, Psychomotor Disorders, complications, Thioridazine, therapeutic use |
| Validity of the confusion assessment method in detecting postoperative delirium in the elderly. | Rolfson DB, McElhaney JE, Jhangri GS, Rockwood K | International psychogeriatrics / IPA | 1999 |
Aged, Confusion, diagnosis, Coronary Artery Bypass, adverse effects, Delirium, diagnosis, Female, Humans, Male, Nursing Assessment, standards, Observer Variation, Postoperative Care, Predictive Value of Tests, Prospective Studies, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, standards, ROC Curve, Reproducibility of Results, Sensitivity and Specificity |
| Serum anticholinergic activity changes with acute illness in elderly medical patients. | Flacker JM, Lipsitz LA | The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences | 1999 |
Acute Disease, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Analysis of Variance, Atropine, blood, Attention, physiology, Cholinergic Antagonists, blood, Cognition, physiology, Confusion, blood, Consciousness, physiology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Delirium, blood, Female, Fever, blood, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Muscarinic Antagonists, blood, Quinuclidinyl Benzilate, diagnostic use, Radiopharmaceuticals, diagnostic use, Thinking, physiology, Tritium, diagnostic use |
| Importance of serum anticholinergic activity in the assessment of elderly patients with delirium. | Mussi C, Ferrari R, Ascari S, Salvioli G | Journal of geriatric psychiatry and neurology | 1999 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anti-Bacterial Agents, therapeutic use, Antipsychotic Agents, adverse effects, Benzodiazepines, adverse effects, Body Weight, Cholinergic Antagonists, adverse effects, Cross-Sectional Studies, Delirium, etiology, Female, Humans, Male, Risk Factors |
| Changing clinical practice through research: the case of delirium. | Lacko L, Bryan Y, Dellasega C, Salerno F | Clinical nursing research | 1999 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Clinical Nursing Research, education, Clinical Protocols, standards, Delirium, diagnosis, Diffusion of Innovation, Female, Geriatric Assessment, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Male, Mass Screening, methods, Nursing Assessment, methods, Nursing Staff, Hospital, education, Nursing Theory |
| Delirium in the elderly. Optimal management. | Flacker JM, Marcantonio ER | Drugs & aging | 1998 |
Aged, Antipsychotic Agents, administration & dosage, Behavior Therapy, methods, Combined Modality Therapy, Counseling, Delirium, prevention & control, Guidelines as Topic, Humans, Risk Factors, Syndrome |
| The time and change test: a simple screening test for dementia. | Inouye SK, Robison JT, Froehlich TE, Richardson ED | The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences | 1998 |
Activities of Daily Living, classification, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Ambulatory Care Facilities, statistics & numerical data, Connecticut, epidemiology, Dementia, diagnosis, Female, Geriatric Assessment, statistics & numerical data, Humans, Incidence, Linear Models, Male, Mental Status Schedule, Primary Health Care, Prospective Studies, Psychometrics, Reproducibility of Results, Sensitivity and Specificity |
| Prospective individual matching: covariate balance and power in a comparative study. | Makuch RW, Zhang Z, Charpentier PA, Inouye SK | Statistics in medicine | 1998 |
Analysis of Variance, Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic, statistics & numerical data, Clinical Trials, Phase IV as Topic, statistics & numerical data, Humans, Matched-Pair Analysis, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, statistics & numerical data, Selection Bias |
| Importance of functional measures in predicting mortality among older hospitalized patients. | Inouye SK, Peduzzi PN, Robison JT, Hughes JS, Horwitz RI, Concato J | JAMA | 1998 |
Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Connecticut, Cost of Illness, Female, Hospital Bed Capacity, 500 and over, Hospitalization, statistics & numerical data, Hospitals, University, Humans, Male, Mental Status Schedule, Models, Statistical, Mortality, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), statistics & numerical data, Prognosis, Proportional Hazards Models, Prospective Studies, Risk Assessment, Severity of Illness Index, Survival Analysis |
| Delirium: comparison of four predictive models in hospitalized critically ill elderly patients. | Eden BM, Foreman MD, Sisk R | Applied nursing research : ANR | 1998 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Algorithms, Case-Control Studies, Critical Care, Delirium, diagnosis, Discriminant Analysis, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nursing Diagnosis, methods, Sensitivity and Specificity |
| A case control study of falls in the hospital setting. | Ash KL, MacLeod P, Clark L | Journal of gerontological nursing | 1998 |
Accidental Falls, prevention & control, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Case-Control Studies, Child, Discriminant Analysis, Female, Hospitals, University, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nursing Records, Risk Factors, Risk Management, Saskatchewan, Wounds and Injuries, etiology |
| Delirium risk factors in elderly hospitalized patients. | Elie M, Cole MG, Primeau FJ, Bellavance F | Journal of general internal medicine | 1998 |
Age Factors, Aged, Delirium, epidemiology, Female, Humans, Inpatients, Male, Risk Factors |
| Delirium in hospitalized older patients: recognition and risk factors. | Inouye SK | Journal of geriatric psychiatry and neurology | 1998 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cohort Studies, Delirium, diagnosis, Female, Humans, Inpatients, Nutrition Disorders, physiopathology, Polypharmacy, Predictive Value of Tests, Primary Prevention, methods, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, standards, Restraint, Physical, adverse effects, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Urinary Catheterization, adverse effects |
| Immobility and falls. | Mahoney JE | Clinics in geriatric medicine | 1998 |
Accidental Falls, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Hospitalization, Humans, Immobilization, adverse effects |
| A nonpharmacologic sleep protocol for hospitalized older patients. | McDowell JA, Mion LC, Lydon TJ, Inouye SK | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 1998 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cohort Studies, Connecticut, Female, Geriatric Assessment, Hospitalization, Humans, Hypnotics and Sedatives, administration & dosage, Male, Prospective Studies, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, nursing, Treatment Outcome |
| Detection and diagnosis of delirium in the elderly: psychiatrist diagnosis, confusion assessment method, or consensus diagnosis? | Zou Y, Cole MG, Primeau FJ, McCusker J, Bellavance F, Laplante J | International psychogeriatrics / IPA | 1998 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Confusion, diagnosis, Delirium, diagnosis, Female, Geriatric Assessment, Humans, Male, Mental Status Schedule, standards, Nurse Clinicians, Nursing Assessment, standards, Observer Variation, Psychiatry, Reproducibility of Results, Sensitivity and Specificity |
| Reliability and validity of a new measure of severity of delirium. | McCusker J, Cole M, Bellavance F, Primeau F | International psychogeriatrics / IPA | 1998 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Confidence Intervals, Delirium, diagnosis, Female, Geriatric Assessment, Humans, Male, Observer Variation, Prospective Studies, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, standards, Psychometrics, standards, Reproducibility of Results, Severity of Illness Index |
| Does delirium contribute to poor hospital outcomes? A three-site epidemiologic study. | Inouye SK, Rushing JT, Foreman MD, Palmer RM, Pompei P | Journal of general internal medicine | 1998 |
Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Delirium, Female, Hospital Mortality, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Prognosis, Prospective Studies |
| The impact of postoperative pain on the development of postoperative delirium. | Lynch EP, Lazor MA, Gellis JE, Orav J, Goldman L, Marcantonio ER | Anesthesia and analgesia | 1998 |
Activities of Daily Living, Age Factors, Aged, Alcoholism, complications, Analgesia, Analgesics, Opioid, administration & dosage, Blood Chemical Analysis, Cognition, Confusion, diagnosis, Delirium, diagnosis, Female, Humans, Incidence, Male, Medical Records, Middle Aged, Movement, Nursing Assessment, Odds Ratio, Pain Measurement, Pain, Postoperative, complications, Postoperative Complications, diagnosis, Prospective Studies, Rest, Risk Factors, Surgical Procedures, Operative |
| The association of serum anticholinergic activity with delirium in elderly medical patients. | Flacker JM, Cummings V, Mach JR, Bettin K, Kiely DK, Wei J | The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry | 1998 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Boston, Cholinergic Antagonists, adverse effects, Cross-Sectional Studies, Delirium, blood, Female, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Multivariate Analysis, Odds Ratio |
| The association of intraoperative factors with the development of postoperative delirium. | Marcantonio ER, Goldman L, Orav EJ, Cook EF, Lee TH | The American journal of medicine | 1998 |
Aged, Anesthesia, adverse effects, Blood Loss, Surgical, Delirium, epidemiology, Female, Humans, Incidence, Intraoperative Care, Intraoperative Complications, Male, Middle Aged, Postoperative Complications, epidemiology, Prospective Studies |
| Diagnosing delirium by telephone. | Marcantonio ER, Michaels M, Resnick NM | Journal of general internal medicine | 1998 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Delirium, diagnosis, Diagnostic Errors, Female, Frail Elderly, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Male, Massachusetts, Remote Consultation, Sensitivity and Specificity, Telephone |
| Measuring delirium severity in older general hospital inpatients without dementia. The Delirium Severity Scale. | Bettin KM, Maletta GJ, Dysken MW, Jilk KM, Weldon DT, Kuskowski M, Mach JR | The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry | 1998 |
Age Factors, Aged, Cognition Disorders, diagnosis, Delirium, diagnosis, Dementia, diagnosis, Female, Hospitalization, Hospitals, General, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Severity of Illness Index |
| Screening for dementia in the outpatient setting: the time and change test. | Froehlich TE, Robison JT, Inouye SK | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 1998 |
Activities of Daily Living, classification, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Ambulatory Care Facilities, statistics & numerical data, Cohort Studies, Connecticut, epidemiology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dementia, diagnosis, Female, Geriatric Assessment, statistics & numerical data, Humans, Incidence, Male, Mental Status Schedule, statistics & numerical data, Primary Health Care, statistics & numerical data, Prospective Studies, Psychometrics, Reproducibility of Results |
| Behavioral and pharmacologic treatment of delirium. | Jacobson S, Schreibman B | American family physician | 1997 |
Cognitive Therapy, Delirium, drug therapy, Humans |
| Delirium in geropsychiatric patients: patient characteristics and treatment outcomes. | McGee SB, Orengo CA, Kunik ME, Molinari VA, Workman RH | Journal of geriatric psychiatry and neurology | 1997 |
Activities of Daily Living, psychology, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antipsychotic Agents, administration & dosage, Cohort Studies, Combined Modality Therapy, Delirium, diagnosis, Delirium, Dementia, Amnestic, Cognitive Disorders, diagnosis, Dementia, diagnosis, Depressive Disorder, diagnosis, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Length of Stay, Male, Mental Status Schedule, Neuropsychological Tests, Patient Care Team, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Retrospective Studies, Social Environment |
| Assessing attentiveness in older hospital patients: global assessment versus tests of attention. | O'Keeffe ST, Gosney MA | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 1997 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Attention, Delirium, diagnosis, Dementia, diagnosis, Hospitalization, Humans, Interview, Psychological, Likelihood Functions, Psychological Tests, Sensitivity and Specificity |
| Development and evaluation of evidence based risk assessment tool (STRATIFY) to predict which elderly inpatients will fall: case-control and cohort studies. | Oliver D, Britton M, Seed P, Martin FC, Hopper AH | BMJ (Clinical research ed.) | 1997 |
Accidental Falls, prevention & control, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Case-Control Studies, Cohort Studies, Evidence-Based Medicine, Geriatric Assessment, Hospitals, Urban, Humans, Inpatients, classification, Length of Stay, London, Prospective Studies, Risk Assessment, Sensitivity and Specificity, State Medicine |
| The natural history of delirium in older hospitalized patients: a syndrome of heterogeneity. | Rudberg MA, Pompei P, Foreman MD, Ross RE, Cassel CK | Age and ageing | 1997 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cohort Studies, Delirium, classification, Female, Geriatric Assessment, Humans, Length of Stay, Male, Patient Admission, Prospective Studies, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Risk Factors |
| The informed consent process in older patients who developed delirium: a clinical epidemiologic study. | Auerswald KB, Charpentier PA, Inouye SK | The American journal of medicine | 1997 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cognition, Delirium, psychology, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Informed Consent, Male, Multivariate Analysis, Odds Ratio, Predictive Value of Tests, Severity of Illness Index |
| The incidence of delirium in psychiatric inpatient units. | Patten SB, Williams JV, Haynes L, McCruden J, Arboleda-Flórez J | Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie | 1997 |
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alberta, epidemiology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Delirium, diagnosis, Female, Humans, Incidence, Length of Stay, statistics & numerical data, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Patient Admission, statistics & numerical data, Psychiatric Department, Hospital, statistics & numerical data, Risk Factors, Selection Bias |
| Impact of age on the severity, course, and complications of alcohol withdrawal. | Kraemer KL, Mayo-Smith MF, Calkins DR | Archives of internal medicine | 1997 |
Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium, complications, Anti-Anxiety Agents, therapeutic use, Benzodiazepines, Female, Humans, Length of Stay, Male, Middle Aged, Odds Ratio, Severity of Illness Index |
| Delirium in AIDS patients: recognition and medication factors. | Uldall KK, Berghuis JP | AIDS patient care and STDs | 1997 |
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, complications, Adult, Aged, Delirium, classification, Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions, Female, Humans, Length of Stay, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Biological, Retrospective Studies, Skilled Nursing Facilities |
| Screening for acute confusion in elderly long-term care residents. | Culp K, Tripp-Reimer T, Wadle K, Wakefield B, Akins J, Mobily P, Kundradt M | The Journal of neuroscience nursing : journal of the American Association of Neuroscience Nurses | 1997 |
Acute Disease, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alzheimer Disease, diagnosis, Confusion, diagnosis, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diagnosis, Differential, Female, Humans, Incidence, Iowa, Long-Term Care, statistics & numerical data, Male, Mass Screening, Middle Aged |
| Cognitive impairment in medical inpatients. I: Screening for dementia--is history better than mental state? | Harwood DM, Hope T, Jacoby R | Age and ageing | 1997 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cognition Disorders, diagnosis, Dementia, diagnosis, Female, Geriatric Assessment, Humans, Male, Mass Screening, Medical History Taking, Mental Status Schedule, statistics & numerical data, Neuropsychological Tests, statistics & numerical data, Patient Admission, Psychometrics, Reproducibility of Results |
| Computed tomography scanning and delirium in elder patients. | Naughton BJ, Moran M, Ghaly Y, Michalakes C | Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine | 1997 |
Acute Disease, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cognition Disorders, classification, Delirium, classification, Emergency Medicine, Emergency Service, Hospital, Female, Humans, Male, Neurologic Examination, Physician’s Practice Patterns, Prospective Studies, Retrospective Studies, Tomography, X-Ray Computed |
| Ascertaining dementia by expert panel in epidemiologic studies of nursing home residents. | Magaziner J, Zimmerman SI, German PS, Kuhn K, May C, Hooper F, Cox D, Hebel JR, Kittner S, Burton L, Fishman P, Kaup B, Rosario J, Cody M | Annals of epidemiology | 1996 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Dementia, diagnosis, Epidemiologic Methods, Female, Geriatric Assessment, Homes for the Aged, Humans, Male, Maryland, epidemiology, Nursing Homes, Prevalence |
| Effectiveness of interventions to prevent delirium in hospitalized patients: a systematic review. | Cole MG, Primeau F, McCusker J | CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne | 1996 |
Delirium, prevention & control, Hospitalization, Humans, Postoperative Care, Preoperative Care, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic |
| Precipitating factors for delirium in hospitalized elderly persons. Predictive model and interrelationship with baseline vulnerability. | Inouye SK, Charpentier PA | JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association | 1996 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Algorithms, Cohort Studies, Confusion, diagnosis, Delirium, diagnosis, Female, Geriatric Assessment, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Models, Theoretical, Precipitating Factors, Probability, Prospective Studies, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Reproducibility of Results, Risk |
| A clinical project to reduce confusion in hospitalized, older adults. | Miller J | Medsurg nursing : official journal of the Academy of Medical-Surgical Nurses | 1996 |
Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Clinical Nursing Research, Confusion, nursing, Geriatric Assessment, Health Facility Environment, Hospitalization, Humans, Nursing Assessment, Patient Care Planning, Pilot Projects, Risk Factors |
| Acute cognitive impairment in elderly ED patients: etiologies and outcomes. | Wofford JL, Loehr LR, Schwartz E | The American journal of emergency medicine | 1996 |
Acute Disease, Aged, Cognition Disorders, diagnosis, Emergency Service, Hospital, Female, Geriatric Assessment, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Retrospective Studies, Treatment Outcome |
| Development of postoperative delirium in relation to a room change in the general surgical unit. | Tsutsui S, Kitamura M, Higashi H, Matsuura H, Hirashima S | Surgery today | 1996 |
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anesthesia, General, Confusion, etiology, Delirium, etiology, Female, Hallucinations, etiology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Transfer, Postoperative Complications, etiology, Risk Factors, Social Environment, Social Isolation |
| Functional outcomes of acute medical illness and hospitalization in older persons. | Sager MA, Franke T, Inouye SK, Landefeld CS, Morgan TM, Rudberg MA, Sebens H, Winograd CH | Archives of internal medicine | 1996 |
Activities of Daily Living, Acute Disease, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Motor Activity, Prospective Studies |
| Hospital admission risk profile (HARP): identifying older patients at risk for functional decline following acute medical illness and hospitalization. | Sager MA, Rudberg MA, Jalaluddin M, Franke T, Inouye SK, Landefeld CS, Siebens H, Winograd CH | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 1996 |
Activities of Daily Living, Acute Disease, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Frail Elderly, Geriatric Assessment, Hospitals, utilization, Humans, Length of Stay, Logistic Models, Male, Patient Admission, Patient Discharge, Patient Readmission, Predictive Value of Tests, Prospective Studies, Reproducibility of Results, Risk Factors, United States |
| Delirium in AIDS patients: discrepancy between occurrence and health care provider identification. | Lalonde B, Uldall KK, Berghuis JP | AIDS patient care and STDs | 1996 |
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, complications, Adult, Aged, Algorithms, Delirium, diagnosis, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Health Personnel, education, Humans, Male, Medical Records, Middle Aged, Questionnaires, Referral and Consultation, Retrospective Studies, Skilled Nursing Facilities, Terminal Care |
| Controlled trial of a geriatric case-finding and liaison service in an emergency department. | Miller DK, Lewis LM, Nork MJ, Morley JE | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 1996 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Case Management, Cohort Studies, Emergency Service, Hospital, economics, Female, Geriatric Assessment, Health Services for the Aged, economics, Health Status, Hospitals, Urban, Humans, Male, Missouri |
| Shared risk factors for falls, incontinence, and functional dependence. Unifying the approach to geriatric syndromes. | Tinetti ME, Inouye SK, Gill TM, Doucette JT | JAMA | 1995 |
Accidental Falls, statistics & numerical data, Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anxiety, Causality, Cognition, Cohort Studies, Geriatric Assessment, Hearing, Humans, Logistic Models, Multivariate Analysis, Neuropsychological Tests, Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Physical Fitness, Psychomotor Performance, Risk Factors, Urinary Incontinence, epidemiology, Vision, Ocular |
| Documentation and evaluation of cognitive impairment in elderly primary care patients. | Callahan CM, Hendrie HC, Tierney WM | Annals of internal medicine | 1995 |
Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cognition Disorders, diagnosis, Comorbidity, Documentation, Educational Status, Female, Geriatric Assessment, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nutritional Status, Physician’s Practice Patterns, Prevalence, Primary Health Care, utilization, Prospective Studies, Questionnaires |
| Benzodiazepine use as a cause of cognitive impairment in elderly hospital inpatients. | Foy A, O'Connell D, Henry D, Kelly J, Cocking S, Halliday J | The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences | 1995 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alcoholism, complications, Anoxia, complications, Anti-Anxiety Agents, administration & dosage, Benzodiazepines, Central Nervous System Diseases, complications, Cognition, drug effects, Cognition Disorders, chemically induced, Cohort Studies, Dehydration, complications, Delirium, chemically induced, Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, complications, Patient Admission, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Urinary Retention, complications |
| Delirium in critical care unit patients admitted through an emergency room. | Kishi Y, Iwasaki Y, Takezawa K, Kurosawa H, Endo S | General hospital psychiatry | 1995 |
Adult, Aged, Causality, Comorbidity, Delirium, diagnosis, Emergency Service, Hospital, Female, Humans, Intensive Care Units, Length of Stay, Male, Middle Aged, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Patient Admission, Predictive Value of Tests, Prevalence, Prospective Studies, Time Factors |
| Detecting delirium among hospitalized older patients. | Pompei P, Foreman M, Cassel CK, Alessi C, Cox D | Archives of internal medicine | 1995 |
Aged, Delirium, diagnosis, Diagnosis, Differential, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Prospective Studies, Sensitivity and Specificity |
| Acute hospital care of the elderly: minimizing the risk of functional decline. | Palmer RM | Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine | 1995 |
Acute Disease, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Frail Elderly, Geriatric Assessment, Hospitalization, Humans, Iatrogenic Disease, prevention & control, Nutrition Disorders, Patient Care Team, Physical Therapy Modalities, Risk |
| A randomized trial of comprehensive geriatric assessment in the care of hospitalized patients. | Reuben DB, Borok GM, Wolde-Tsadik G, Ershoff DH, Fishman LK, Ambrosini VL, Liu Y, Rubenstein LZ, Beck JC | The New England journal of medicine | 1995 |
Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, California, Critical Care, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Geriatric Assessment, Health Maintenance Organizations, Health Status, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Patient Care Team, Referral and Consultation, organization & administration, Treatment Outcome |
| Delirium in elderly patients: evaluation and management. | Rummans TA, Evans JM, Krahn LE, Fleming KC | Mayo Clinic proceedings | 1995 |
Aged, Causality, Delirium, diagnosis, Diagnosis, Differential, Humans |
| Confused patients in the acute care setting: prevalence, interventions, and outcomes. | Shedd PP, Kobokovich LJ, Slattery MJ | Journal of gerontological nursing | 1995 |
Acute Disease, Adolescent, Adult, Child, Confusion, epidemiology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Health Facility Environment, Hospitals, Rural, Humans, Middle Aged, Nursing Assessment, Prevalence |
| Serious falls in hospitalized patients: correlates and resource utilization. | Bates DW, Pruess K, Souney P, Platt R | The American journal of medicine | 1995 |
Accidental Falls, economics, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Case-Control Studies, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Length of Stay, Logistic Models, Male, Medical Records, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, Odds Ratio, Predictive Value of Tests, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Single-Blind Method |
| Misdiagnosing delirium as depression in medically ill elderly patients. | Farrell KR, Ganzini L | Archives of internal medicine | 1995 |
Activities of Daily Living, Age Distribution, Aged, Delirium, diagnosis, Depressive Disorder, diagnosis, Diagnosis, Differential, Diagnostic Errors, Female, Geriatric Assessment, Humans, Interview, Psychological, Male, Mental Status Schedule, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Referral and Consultation, Sensitivity and Specificity |
| Delirium and other cognitive impairment in older adults in an emergency department. | Naughton BJ, Moran MB, Kadah H, Heman-Ackah Y, Longano J | Annals of emergency medicine | 1995 |
APACHE, Academic Medical Centers, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Analysis of Variance, Chi-Square Distribution, Cognition Disorders, classification, Cross-Sectional Studies, Delirium, diagnosis, Emergency Service, Hospital, Female, Geriatric Assessment, Humans, Institutionalization, Male, Mental Status Schedule, Prospective Studies |
| A simple model for predicting postoperative delirium in older patients undergoing elective orthopedic surgery. | Fisher BW, Flowerdew G | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 1995 |
Aged, Cohort Studies, Delirium, diagnosis, Female, Geriatric Assessment, Humans, Interview, Psychological, Male, Odds Ratio, Orthopedics, Postoperative Complications, diagnosis, Predictive Value of Tests, Prospective Studies, Psychological Tests, Risk Factors, Sensitivity and Specificity, Surgical Procedures, Elective |
| Unrecognized delirium in ED geriatric patients. | Lewis LM, Miller DK, Morley JE, Nork MJ, Lasater LC | The American journal of emergency medicine | 1995 |
Aged, Cohort Studies, Delirium, classification, Emergency Service, Hospital, Geriatric Assessment, Humans, Neuropsychological Tests, Nursing Assessment, Patient Admission, Patient Discharge, Sensitivity and Specificity |
| Delirium: a major diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for clinicians caring for the elderly. | Levkoff SE, Marcantonio ER | Comprehensive therapy | 1994 |
Aged, Delirium, diagnosis, Humans, Patient Care Planning |
| The dilemma of delirium: clinical and research controversies regarding diagnosis and evaluation of delirium in hospitalized elderly medical patients. | Inouye SK | The American journal of medicine | 1994 |
Aged, psychology, Delirium, diagnosis, Humans, Inpatients, psychology, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales |