What is the Delirium Bibliography? The searchable Delirium Bibliography page is one of our most popular features, allowing you to quickly gain access to the literature on delirium and acute care of older persons. It is primarily intended for clinicians and researchers interested in exploring these topics. The NIDUS team keeps it updated for you on a monthly basis!
How to Search for Articles: Search by author, title, year, and/or keywords. Each article is indexed by keywords taken from MEDLINE and other relevant databases. Click on the title of the article to read the abstract, journal, etc.
Reference Information
- Title
- Incidence and risk factors of post-operative delirium in glioma patients: A prospective cohort study in general wards
- Authors
- Yuan, C. Cheng, Z. Liu, Y. You, Y. Wang, L. Li, D. Zhong, L.
- Year
- 2024
- Journal
- J Clin Nurs
- Abstract
AIMS: Glioma patients are at high risk for postoperative delirium (POD), yet studies focusing on this population in general neurosurgical ward settings are limited. This paper investigates the incidence of POD and related risk factors in glioma patients hospitalized in general wards. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. METHODS: This prospective study included 133 adult glioma patients hospitalized in the general neurosurgery ward. In addition to collecting routine perioperative general clinical data, patients’ psychological status was assessed preoperatively using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). POD was assessed within 3 days postoperatively using the Confusion of Consciousness Assessment method, twice daily. The incidence of POD was calculated, and risk factors were identified using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The incidence of POD in glioma patients admitted to the general ward was 31.6% (40/133). Multivariate regression revealed advanced age (age > 50 years), frontal lobe tumour, presence of preoperative anxiety or depression, retention of a luminal drain, postoperative pain, indwelling catheter these six factors were independent risk factors for the development of delirium in patients after surgery. CONCLUSION: In general ward settings, supratentorial glioma patients exhibit a high risk of POD. Critical risk factors include preoperative psychological conditions, as well as postoperative pain, drainage and catheterization. Rigorous preoperative evaluations, effective pain management strategies and the integration of humanistic care principles are essential in mitigating the risk of POD for glioma patients. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: In general ward settings, this study reveals the high occurrence of POD in glioma patients and identifies preoperative psychological states, age, tumour location and several postoperative factors as significant risk factors for POD, which provides a framework for targeted interventions. By integrating these insights into clinical practice, healthcare teams can better identify glioma patients at risk for POD and implement preventive measures, thereby enhancing recovery and overall care quality for glioma patients in general neurosurgical wards. REPORTING METHOD: This study adheres to the STROBE guidelines, ensuring a transparent and comprehensive reporting of the observational research methodology and results. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: Patients involvement was limited to the provision of data through their participation in the study’s assessments and the collection of clinical information. The study did not involve a direct patient or public contribution in the design, conduct, analysis, or interpretation of the data, nor in the preparation of the manuscript.
- PMID
PMID: 38867617
- Keywords
general ward
glioma
neurosurgery, risk factors
perioperative care
postoperative delirium
preoperative anxiety and depression
- Page(s)
- Volume
- Issue
| Title | Authors | Journal | Year | Keywords |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assessing delirium in cancer patients: the Italian versions of the Delirium Rating Scale and the Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale. | Grassi L, Caraceni A, Beltrami E, Borreani C, Zamorani M, Maltoni M, Monti M, Luzzani M, Mercadante S, De Conno F | Journal of pain and symptom management | 2001 |
Aged, Delirium, diagnosis, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, psychology, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Severity of Illness Index |
| Delirium: a barometer for quality of hospital care. | Inouye SK | Hospital practice (1995) | 2001 |
Aged, Delirium, diagnosis, Geriatric Assessment, Hospitalization, Humans, Quality of Health Care |
| Nurses' recognition of delirium and its symptoms: comparison of nurse and researcher ratings. | Inouye SK, Foreman MD, Mion LC, Katz KH, Cooney LM | Archives of internal medicine | 2001 |
Activities of Daily Living, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Analysis of Variance, Clinical Competence, standards, Delirium, diagnosis, Dementia, complications, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Geriatric Assessment, Humans, Male, Mental Status Schedule, standards, Nursing Assessment, methods, Nursing Evaluation Research, Observer Variation, Prospective Studies, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, standards, Risk Factors, Sensitivity and Specificity, Vision Disorders, complications |
| Delirium after hip fracture: to be or not to be? | Inouye SK | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 2001 |
Age Factors, Bias (Epidemiology), Delirium, etiology, Effect Modifier, Epidemiologic, Geriatrics, methods, Hip Fractures, surgery, Humans, Length of Stay, statistics & numerical data, Postoperative Complications, etiology, Referral and Consultation, Research Design, Risk Factors |
| Multicomponent targeted intervention to prevent delirium in hospitalized older patients: what is the economic value? | Rizzo JA, Bogardus ST, Leo-Summers L, Williams CS, Acampora D, Inouye SK | Medical care | 2001 |
Aged, Connecticut, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Delirium, economics, Female, Geriatric Assessment, Health Care Costs, Health Services for the Aged, economics, Hospital Costs, Humans, Length of Stay, Male, Models, Econometric, Multivariate Analysis, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), economics, Patient Care Planning, economics, Prospective Studies, Regression Analysis |
| Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist: evaluation of a new screening tool. | Bergeron N, Dubois MJ, Dumont M, Dial S, Skrobik Y | Intensive care medicine | 2001 |
APACHE, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Critical Illness, Delirium, diagnosis, Female, Humans, Intensive Care, methods, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Questionnaires, standards, ROC Curve, Sensitivity and Specificity |
| Immunology of delirium: new opportunities for treatment and research. | Broadhurst C, Wilson K | The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science | 2001 |
Aged, Animals, Central Nervous System, immunology, Cytokines, immunology, Delirium, immunology, Exercise, physiology, Humans, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, immunology, Neurodegenerative Diseases, immunology, Research, Somatostatin, physiology, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, immunology |
| Delirium in the terminally-ill cancer patient: aetiology, symptoms and management. | Brown S, Degner LF | International journal of palliative nursing | 2001 |
Delirium, diagnosis, Humans, Hypnotics and Sedatives, therapeutic use, Neoplasms, complications, Neuropsychological Tests, Nursing Assessment, methods, Palliative Care, methods, Social Support |
| Diagnosis and management of delirium near the end of life. | Casarett DJ, Inouye SK, | Annals of internal medicine | 2001 |
Adult, Clinical Laboratory Techniques, Combined Modality Therapy, Delirium, diagnosis, Female, Humans, Ovarian Neoplasms, psychology, Physical Examination, Terminal Care, methods, Terminally Ill, psychology |
| Hypocortisolemia and delirium in an older patient. | Cunha UG, Faria AC, de F Alves VX, Rigueirinho SA | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 2001 |
Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, pharmacology, Delirium, blood, Diarrhea, blood, Geriatric Assessment, Humans, Hydrocortisone, deficiency, Male, Mental Status Schedule, Prednisone, pharmacology, Vomiting, blood |
| Clinical and ethical questions concerning delirium study on patients with advanced cancer. | Davis MP, Walsh D | Archives of internal medicine | 2001 |
Delirium, drug therapy, Ethics, Medical, Humans, Neoplasms, complications, Palliative Care |
| Delirium in an intensive care unit: a study of risk factors. | Dubois MJ, Bergeron N, Dumont M, Dial S, Skrobik Y | Intensive care medicine | 2001 |
Analysis of Variance, Delirium, complications, Female, Humans, Intensive Care Units, Length of Stay, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, Odds Ratio, Prospective Studies, Quebec, epidemiology, Risk Factors |
| Delirium before and after operation for femoral neck fracture. | Edlund A, Lundström M, Brännström B, Bucht G, Gustafson Y | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 2001 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Chi-Square Distribution, Delirium, epidemiology, Female, Femoral Neck Fractures, surgery, Humans, Incidence, Logistic Models, Male, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors |
| Validity and reliability of the Portuguese version of the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) for the detection of delirium in the elderly. | Fabbri RM, Moreira MA, Garrido R, Almeida OP | Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria | 2001 |
Chi-Square Distribution, Confidence Intervals, Confusion, diagnosis, Delirium, diagnosis, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Status Schedule, standards, Odds Ratio, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Questionnaires, Reproducibility of Results, Sensitivity and Specificity |
| Delirium in elderly patients: an overview of the state of the science. | Foreman MD, Wakefield B, Culp K, Milisen K | Journal of gerontological nursing | 2001 |
Aged, Delirium, diagnosis, Humans, Nursing Assessment |
| Clinical signs of ICU syndrome/delirium: an observational study. | Granberg-Axèll A, Bergbom I, Lundberg D | Intensive & critical care nursing : the official journal of the British Association of Critical Care Nurses | 2001 |
Delirium, diagnosis, Humans, Inpatients, psychology, Intensive Care Units, Intubation, Intratracheal, Orientation, Syndrome |
| Depression or hypoactive delirium? A report of ciprofloxacin-induced mental disorder in a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | Grassi L, Biancosino B, Pavanati M, Agostini M, Manfredini R | Psychotherapy and psychosomatics | 2001 |
Anti-Infective Agents, adverse effects, Ciprofloxacin, adverse effects, Delirium, chemically induced, Depression, chemically induced, Diagnosis, Differential, Female, Humans, Lung Diseases, Obstructive, drug therapy, Middle Aged |
| Assessing confused patients. | Johnson MH | Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry | 2001 |
Confusion, diagnosis, Delirium, diagnosis |
| Severity and course of delirium in medically hospitalized nursing facility residents. | Kelly KG, Zisselman M, Cutillo-Schmitter T, Reichard R, Payne D, Denman SJ | The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry | 2001 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Analysis of Variance, Chi-Square Distribution, Delirium, diagnosis, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Frail Elderly, Homes for the Aged, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Nursing Homes, Philadelphia, epidemiology, Prognosis, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index, Treatment Outcome |
| An open pilot trial of olanzapine for delirium in the Korean population. | Kim KS, Pae CU, Chae JH, Bahk WM, Jun T | Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences | 2001 |
Adult, Aged, Benzodiazepines, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Delirium, drug therapy, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Drug Administration Schedule, Female, Humans, Korea, Male, Middle Aged, Pirenzepine, adverse effects, Treatment Outcome |
| Benefits of psychiatric consultation-liaison nurse interventions for older hospitalized patients and their nurses. | Kurlowicz LH | Archives of psychiatric nursing | 2001 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cohort Studies, Delirium, diagnosis, Depressive Disorder, Major, diagnosis, Hospitalization, Hospitals, Psychiatric, Humans, Middle Aged, Nurse-Patient Relations, Psychiatric Nursing, Psychiatry, Questionnaires, Referral and Consultation, Retrospective Studies |
| Detection of delirium using the confusion assessment method. | Laplante J, Cole MG | Journal of gerontological nursing | 2001 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Confusion, Delirium, diagnosis, Disease Progression, Female, Geriatric Nursing, methods, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Monitoring, Physiologic, methods, Neurologic Examination, methods, Nursing Care, Psychological Tests, standards, Sensitivity and Specificity, Severity of Illness Index |
| Preoperative risk factors for postoperative delirium. | Litaker D, Locala J, Franco K, Bronson DL, Tannous Z | General hospital psychiatry | 2001 |
Age Factors, Aged, Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium, epidemiology, Analgesics, Opioid, administration & dosage, Cognition Disorders, Delirium, diagnosis, Female, Humans, Incidence, Male, Middle Aged, Odds Ratio, Ohio, epidemiology, Population Surveillance, Postoperative Complications, Prospective Studies, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Risk Factors, Surgical Procedures, Elective, adverse effects |
| Reducing delirium after hip fracture: a randomized trial. | Marcantonio ER, Flacker JM, Wright RJ, Resnick NM | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 2001 |
Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Algorithms, Delirium, classification, Female, Geriatric Assessment, Geriatrics, methods, Hip Fractures, surgery, Humans, Incidence, Length of Stay, statistics & numerical data, Male, Mental Status Schedule, Postoperative Care, methods, Postoperative Complications, classification, Preoperative Care, methods, Prospective Studies, Questionnaires, Referral and Consultation, Severity of Illness Index, Single-Blind Method |
| Clinical utility and validation of the Japanese version of Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale in a psychogeriatric inpatient setting. | Matsuoka Y, Miyake Y, Arakaki H, Tanaka K, Saeki T, Yamawaki S | General hospital psychiatry | 2001 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alzheimer Disease, diagnosis, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Delirium, diagnosis, Female, Humans, Japan, Language, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, statistics & numerical data, Psychiatric Department, Hospital, Psychometrics, Reproducibility of Results |
| Environmental risk factors for delirium in hospitalized older people. | McCusker J, Cole M, Abrahamowicz M, Han L, Podoba JE, Ramman-Haddad L | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 2001 |
Aged, Analysis of Variance, Delirium, etiology, Environment, Female, Geriatric Assessment, Hospitalization, Hospitals, Community, Humans, Male, Prospective Studies, Regression Analysis, Risk Factors, Sensitivity and Specificity, Severity of Illness Index, Social Isolation |
| Delirium in older medical inpatients and subsequent cognitive and functional status: a prospective study. | McCusker J, Cole M, Dendukuri N, Belzile E, Primeau F | CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne | 2001 |
Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cognition Disorders, epidemiology, Confounding Factors (Epidemiology), Delirium, complications, Dementia, complications, Female, Geriatric Assessment, Hospitalization, Humans, Incidence, Institutionalization, Logistic Models, Male, Prevalence, Prognosis, Prospective Studies, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychomotor Disorders, epidemiology, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index |
| Delirium: optimising management. | Meagher DJ | BMJ (Clinical research ed.) | 2001 |
Acute Disease, Aged, Antipsychotic Agents, therapeutic use, Benzodiazepines, adverse effects, Cholinergic Antagonists, adverse effects, Comorbidity, Delirium, diagnosis, Environment, Humans, Narcotics, adverse effects, Postoperative Complications, Psychological Tests, Risk Factors, Stress, Psychological |
| Delirium episode as a sign of undetected dementia among community dwelling elderly subjects. | Meagher D | Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry | 2001 |
Aged, Aging, physiology, Delirium, physiopathology, Dementia, diagnosis, Finland, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Neuropsychological Tests |
| A nurse-led interdisciplinary intervention program for delirium in elderly hip-fracture patients. | Milisen K, Foreman MD, Abraham IL, De Geest S, Godderis J, Vandermeulen E, Fischler B, Delooz HH, Spiessens B, Broos PL | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 2001 |
Activities of Daily Living, Age Distribution, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Delirium, classification, Female, Geriatric Assessment, Geriatric Nursing, organization & administration, Hip Fractures, surgery, Humans, Incidence, Length of Stay, statistics & numerical data, Male, Nurse Clinicians, organization & administration, Nursing Evaluation Research, Patient Care Team, organization & administration, Postoperative Complications, classification, Program Evaluation, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index |
| Evaluation of the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) as a screening tool for delirium in the emergency room. | Monette J, Galbaud du Fort G, Fung SH, Massoud F, Moride Y, Arsenault L, Afilalo M | General hospital psychiatry | 2001 |
Aged, Alzheimer Disease, diagnosis, Confusion, Delirium, diagnosis, Emergency Service, Hospital, Female, Humans, Interview, Psychological, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, statistics & numerical data, Observer Variation, Prospective Studies, Psychometrics, Quebec, Reproducibility of Results |
| Communication Capacity Scale and Agitation Distress Scale to measure the severity of delirium in terminally ill cancer patients: a validation study. | Morita T, Tsunoda J, Inoue S, Chihara S, Oka K | Palliative medicine | 2001 |
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anxiety, etiology, Communication, Delirium, diagnosis, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, psychology, Observation, Psychometrics, Severity of Illness Index, Terminally Ill, psychology |
| Association of plasma free-3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl (ethylene)glycol, natural killer cell activity and delirium in postoperative patients. | Nakamura J, Yoshimura R, Okuno T, Ueda N, Hachida M, Yasumoto K, Egami H, Maeda H, Nishi M, Aoyagi S | International clinical psychopharmacology | 2001 |
Aged, Cardiovascular Diseases, blood, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Delirium, blood, Female, Humans, Killer Cells, Natural, metabolism, Male, Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol, blood, Middle Aged, Postoperative Period, Prospective Studies, Statistics, Nonparametric |
| Delirium in the non-demented oldest old in the general population: risk factors and prognosis. | Rahkonen T, Eloniemi-Sulkava U, Halonen P, Verkkoniemi A, Niinistö L, Notkola IL, Sulkava R | International journal of geriatric psychiatry | 2001 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cognition Disorders, Delirium, diagnosis, Dementia, diagnosis, Female, Finland, epidemiology, Humans, Hypertension, Incidence, Male, Mental Status Schedule, Odds Ratio, Population Surveillance, Prognosis, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors |
| Prevalence, detection and treatment of anxiety, depression, and delirium in the adult critical care unit. | Rincon HG, Granados M, Unutzer J, Gomez M, Duran R, Badiel M, Salas C, Martinez J, Mejia J, Ordoñez C, Florez N, Rosso F, Echeverri P | Psychosomatics | 2001 |
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alcoholism, diagnosis, Anxiety, diagnosis, Colombia, epidemiology, Critical Care, standards, Delirium, diagnosis, Depression, diagnosis, Drug Utilization, statistics & numerical data, Female, Humans, Intensive Care Units, standards, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Prospective Studies, Psychotropic Drugs, therapeutic use |
| Hyperactivity in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in demented patients with delirium. | Robertsson B, Blennow K, Bråne G, Edman A, Karlsson I, Wallin A, Gottfries CG | International clinical psychopharmacology | 2001 |
Aged, Alzheimer Disease, diagnosis, Arousal, physiology, Delirium, diagnosis, Dementia, diagnosis, Dexamethasone, diagnostic use, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, blood, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, physiopathology, Male, Middle Aged, Pituitary-Adrenal System, physiopathology |
| Assessment of delirium in advanced cancer: the use of the bedside confusion scale. | Sarhill N, Walsh D, Nelson KA, LeGrand S, Davis MP | The American journal of hospice & palliative care | 2001 |
Aged, Case-Control Studies, Causality, Confusion, classification, Delirium, classification, Female, Geriatric Assessment, Humans, Male, Mass Screening, methods, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, complications, Neurologic Examination, methods, Patients’ Rooms, Pilot Projects, Prevalence, Prospective Studies, Severity of Illness Index, Time Factors |
| Early recognition of delirium: review of the literature. | Schuurmans MJ, Duursma SA, Shortridge-Baggett LM | Journal of clinical nursing | 2001 |
Age Distribution, Aged, Delirium, diagnosis, Diagnosis, Differential, Emergencies, Geriatric Assessment, Humans, Incidence, Mass Screening, methods, Nursing Assessment, methods, Risk Factors, Time Factors, Total Quality Management |
| Postoperative delirium and melatonin levels in elderly patients. | Shigeta H, Yasui A, Nimura Y, Machida N, Kageyama M, Miura M, Menjo M, Ikeda K | American journal of surgery | 2001 |
Abdomen, surgery, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Delirium, blood, Female, Humans, Male, Melatonin, blood, Postoperative Complications, blood |
| A survey on the drug therapy for delirium. | Someya T, Endo T, Hara T, Yagi G, Suzuki J | Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences | 2001 |
Antipsychotic Agents, therapeutic use, Delirium, drug therapy, Drug Approval, Drug Utilization Review, Haloperidol, therapeutic use, Humans, Japan, Psychiatric Department, Hospital, standards, Questionnaires |
| Factors associated with sudden death of individuals requiring restraint for excited delirium. | Stratton SJ, Rogers C, Brickett K, Gruzinski G | The American journal of emergency medicine | 2001 |
Adult, Alcoholism, complications, Amphetamine-Related Disorders, complications, Autopsy, Body Mass Index, Cocaine-Related Disorders, complications, Death, Sudden, etiology, Delirium, chemically induced, Emergency Medical Services, Heart Arrest, etiology, Heart Rate, Humans, Marijuana Abuse, complications, Myocardium, pathology, Obesity, complications, Posture, Restraint, Physical, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors |
| Anxiety, delirium, and pain in the intensive care unit. | Szokol JW, Vender JS | Critical care clinics | 2001 |
Analgesics, therapeutic use, Anxiety, drug therapy, Clinical Competence, Critical Illness, psychology, Delirium, drug therapy, Humans, Hypnotics and Sedatives, therapeutic use, Intensive Care Units, standards, Pain, drug therapy, Quality of Health Care, Respiration, Artificial |
| Acute confusion in terminally ill hospitalized patients. | Wakefield B, Johnson JA | Journal of gerontological nursing | 2001 |
Acute Disease, Aged, Confusion, etiology, Delirium, etiology, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Neoplasms, psychology, Terminally Ill, psychology |
| Delirious mania in the elderly. | Weintraub D, Lippmann S | International journal of geriatric psychiatry | 2001 |
Aged, Antipsychotic Agents, administration & dosage, Bipolar Disorder, diagnosis, Confusion, etiology, Delirium, diagnosis, Diagnosis, Differential, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Humans, Male, Psychomotor Agitation, etiology, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, etiology, Syndrome, Treatment Outcome |
| Effectiveness of interventions to prevent delirium in hospitalized patients: a systemic review. | Zeleznik J | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 2001 |
Delirium, etiology, Hospitalization, Humans, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Risk Factors |
| Acute confusional state in the elderly following hip surgery: incidence, risk factors and complications. | Galanakis P, Bickel H, Gradinger R, Von Gumppenberg S, Förstl H | International journal of geriatric psychiatry | 2001 |
Acute Disease, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip, adverse effects, Confusion, epidemiology, Delirium, epidemiology, Female, Germany, epidemiology, Humans, Incidence, Male, Middle Aged, Odds Ratio, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Sampling Studies |
| Use of medications with anticholinergic effect predicts clinical severity of delirium symptoms in older medical inpatients. | Han L, McCusker J, Cole M, Abrahamowicz M, Primeau F, Elie M | Archives of internal medicine | 2001 |
Aged, Analysis of Variance, Cholinergic Antagonists, adverse effects, Dementia, complications, Disease Progression, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Linear Models, Male, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index, Time Factors |
| Establishing a case-finding and referral system for at-risk older individuals in the emergency department setting: the SIGNET model. | Mion LC, Palmer RM, Anetzberger GJ, Meldon SW | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 2001 |
Aged, Case Management, organization & administration, Emergency Service, Hospital, Geriatric Assessment, Health Services for the Aged, organization & administration, Humans, Program Evaluation, Referral and Consultation, organization & administration, Risk Factors |
| Relationship between aggressive behaviors and depression among nursing home residents with dementia. | Menon AS, Gruber-Baldini AL, Hebel JR, Kaup B, Loreck D, Itkin Zimmerman S, Burton L, German P, Magaziner J | International journal of geriatric psychiatry | 2001 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aggression, Dementia, complications, Depression, epidemiology, Female, Homes for the Aged, Humans, Male, Maryland, epidemiology, Nursing Homes, Odds Ratio, Prevalence, Psychotic Disorders, complications, Risk, Severity of Illness Index, Verbal Behavior |
| Functional decline in independent elders after minor traumatic injury. | Shapiro MJ, Partridge RA, Jenouri I, Micalone M, Gifford D | Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine | 2001 |
Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Chi-Square Distribution, Comorbidity, Emergency Service, Hospital, statistics & numerical data, Female, Geriatric Assessment, Humans, Male, Prospective Studies, Sex Distribution, Wounds and Injuries, complications |
| The Hospital Elder Life Program: a model of care to prevent cognitive and functional decline in older hospitalized patients. Hospital Elder Life Program. | Inouye SK, Bogardus ST, Baker DI, Leo-Summers L, Cooney LM | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 2000 |
Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Cognition Disorders, diagnosis, Connecticut, Evidence-Based Medicine, Geriatric Assessment, Geriatric Nursing, organization & administration, Geriatrics, organization & administration, Health Services Research, Hospitals, Teaching, organization & administration, Humans, Job Description, Mass Screening, organization & administration, Mental Status Schedule, Models, Organizational, Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care), Patient Admission, Patient Care Team, organization & administration, Program Evaluation, Quality Assurance, Health Care, organization & administration, Risk Factors |
| Prevention of delirium in hospitalized older patients: risk factors and targeted intervention strategies. | Inouye SK | Annals of medicine | 2000 |
Aged, Cognition Disorders, complications, Confidence Intervals, Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic, Critical Illness, Dehydration, complications, Delirium, etiology, Evidence-Based Medicine, Hospitalization, Humans, Iatrogenic Disease, Incidence, Intervention Studies, Nutrition Disorders, complications, Odds Ratio, Patient Admission, Polypharmacy, Restraint, Physical, Risk Factors, Urinary Catheterization, instrumentation, Vision Disorders, complications |
| Goals in geriatric assessment: are we measuring the right outcomes? | Bradley EH, Bogardus ST, van Doorn C, Williams CS, Cherlin E, Inouye SK | The Gerontologist | 2000 |
Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Caregivers, Case Management, Cross-Sectional Studies, Data Collection, Education, Female, Geriatric Assessment, Goals, Humans, Male, Marital Status, Mental Status Schedule, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Patients, Physicians, Questionnaires |
| Serotonin and amino acids: partners in delirium pathophysiology? | van der Mast RC, Fekkes D | Seminars in clinical neuropsychiatry | 2000 |
Aged, Amino Acids, physiology, Blood-Brain Barrier, physiology, Brain, physiopathology, Delirium, etiology, Humans, Risk Factors, Serotonin, physiology |
| Is there a final common neural pathway in delirium? Focus on acetylcholine and dopamine. | Trzepacz PT | Seminars in clinical neuropsychiatry | 2000 |
Acetylcholine, physiology, Brain, physiopathology, Brain Mapping, Delirium, diagnosis, Dopamine, physiology, Humans, Synaptic Transmission, physiology |
| The mini-cog: a cognitive 'vital signs' measure for dementia screening in multi-lingual elderly. | Borson S, Scanlan J, Brush M, Vitaliano P, Dokmak A | International journal of geriatric psychiatry | 2000 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alzheimer Disease, diagnosis, Ethnic Groups, psychology, Female, Humans, Male, Mass Screening, Mental Recall, Mental Status Schedule, statistics & numerical data, Middle Aged, Multilingualism, Neuropsychological Tests, statistics & numerical data, Psychometrics, Psychomotor Performance, Reproducibility of Results, United States |
| The Clinician Assessment of Fluctuation and the One Day Fluctuation Assessment Scale. Two methods to assess fluctuating confusion in dementia. | Walker MP, Ayre GA, Cummings JL, Wesnes K, McKeith IG, O'Brien JT, Ballard CG | The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science | 2000 |
Aged, Clinical Protocols, Confusion, diagnosis, Dementia, diagnosis, Diagnosis, Differential, Electroencephalography, methods, England, epidemiology, Female, Humans, Male, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Research Design |
| Delirium on hospital admission in aged hip fracture patients: prediction of mortality and 2-year functional outcomes. | Dolan MM, Hawkes WG, Zimmerman SI, Morrison RS, Gruber-Baldini AL, Hebel JR, Magaziner J | The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences | 2000 |
Activities of Daily Living, Affect, physiology, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cognition, physiology, Confounding Factors (Epidemiology), Continental Population Groups, Delirium, etiology, Depression, etiology, Disease, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Forecasting, Hip Fractures, complications, Hospitalization, Humans, Length of Stay, Long-Term Care, Male, Pain, psychology, Patient Admission, Patient Discharge, Prognosis, Recovery of Function, physiology, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Statistics as Topic, Survival Rate |
| Acute confusional states in patients undergoing hip surgery. a prospective observation study. | Duppils GS, Wikblad K | Gerontology | 2000 |
Acute Disease, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, psychology, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip, Cognition Disorders, complications, Confusion, epidemiology, Female, Hip Fractures, surgery, Hospitalization, Humans, Incidence, Male, Prospective Studies, Social Isolation |
| Delirium is independently associated with poor functional recovery after hip fracture. | Marcantonio ER, Flacker JM, Michaels M, Resnick NM | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 2000 |
Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cognition Disorders, complications, Delirium, etiology, Female, Hip Fractures, complications, Humans, Length of Stay, Male, Prognosis, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, United States, epidemiology, Walking |
| Development of delirium: a prospective cohort study in a community hospital. | Martin NJ, Stones MJ, Young JE, Bédard M | International psychogeriatrics / IPA | 2000 |
Aged, Cohort Studies, Delirium, diagnosis, Disease Progression, Female, Hospitals, Community, Humans, Male, Patient Admission, Prospective Studies, Psychological Tests, Risk Factors, Sensitivity and Specificity |
| Do hospital fall prevention programs work? A systematic review. | Oliver D, Hopper A, Seed P | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 2000 |
Accidental Falls, prevention & control, Confidence Intervals, Health Services Research, Hospital Administration, Humans, Program Evaluation, Prospective Studies, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Regression Analysis, Research Design, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Risk Management, organization & administration, Safety Management, organization & administration |
| An epidemiological study of falls on integrated general medical wards. | Vassallo M, Azeem T, Pirwani MF, Sharma JC, Allen SC | International journal of clinical practice | 2000 |
Accidental Falls, prevention & control, Aged, Female, Hospitalization, statistics & numerical data, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Patients’ Rooms, statistics & numerical data, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors |
| Falls on integrated medical wards. | Vassallo M, Amersey RA, Sharma JC, Allen SC | Gerontology | 2000 |
Accidental Falls, statistics & numerical data, Age Distribution, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Data Collection, Female, Great Britain, epidemiology, Hospital Departments, statistics & numerical data, Humans, Incidence, Male, Probability, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Sex Distribution, Wounds and Injuries, epidemiology |
| Survival in end-stage dementia following acute illness. | Morrison RS, Siu AL | JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association | 2000 |
Acute Disease, Advance Directives, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cognition, Cost of Illness, Dementia, complications, Female, Hip Fractures, complications, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Palliative Care, Patient Care, Pneumonia, complications, Prognosis, Proportional Hazards Models, Prospective Studies, Survival Analysis |
| Delirium in terminal cancer: a prospective study using daily screening, early diagnosis, and continuous monitoring. | Gagnon P, Allard P, Mâsse B, DeSerres M | Journal of pain and symptom management | 2000 |
Aged, Canada, Critical Illness, psychology, Delirium, epidemiology, Female, Humans, Incidence, Male, Neoplasms, psychology, Prospective Studies |
| Impact of delirium on the short term prognosis of advanced cancer patients. Italian Multicenter Study Group on Palliative Care. | Caraceni A, Nanni O, Maltoni M, Piva L, Indelli M, Arnoldi E, Monti M, Montanari L, Amadori D, De Conno F | Cancer | 2000 |
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Delirium, etiology, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Multicenter Studies as Topic, Neoplasms, diagnosis, Palliative Care, Prognosis, Prospective Studies, Survival Analysis |
| Outcomes associated with delirium in acutely hospitalized acquired immune deficiency syndrome patients. | Uldall KK, Harris VL, Lalonde B | Comprehensive psychiatry | 2000 |
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, complications, Adult, Delirium, etiology, Female, HIV Infections, complications, Humans, Length of Stay, Male, Prognosis, Prospective Studies, Treatment Outcome, United States, epidemiology |
| Association between delirium and death in AIDS patients. | Uldall KK, Ryan R, Berghuis JP, Harris VL | AIDS patient care and STDs | 2000 |
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, complications, Adult, Delirium, complications, Female, Humans, Length of Stay, Male, Medical Records, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Severity of Illness Index, Survival Analysis, Washington, epidemiology |
| Temporal association between hospitalization and rate of falls after discharge. | Mahoney JE, Palta M, Johnson J, Jalaluddin M, Gray S, Park S, Sager M | Archives of internal medicine | 2000 |
Accidental Falls, statistics & numerical data, Activities of Daily Living, classification, Acute Disease, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Geriatric Assessment, statistics & numerical data, Hospitalization, statistics & numerical data, Humans, Male, Patient Discharge, statistics & numerical data, Risk Factors, Time Factors, Wisconsin, epidemiology, Wounds and Injuries, epidemiology |
| Consequences of not recognizing delirium superimposed on dementia in hospitalized elderly individuals. | Fick D, Foreman M | Journal of gerontological nursing | 2000 |
Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Comorbidity, Delirium, complications, Dementia, complications, Female, Geriatric Assessment, Geriatric Nursing, methods, Hospitalization, Humans, Incidence, Male, Mental Status Schedule, Nursing Assessment, methods, Prevalence |
| The impact of delirium in the intensive care unit on hospital length of stay. | Ely EW, Gautam S, Margolin R, Francis J, May L, Speroff T, Truman B, Dittus R, Bernard R, Inouye SK | Intensive care medicine | 2001 |
Delirium, diagnosis, Female, Humans, Intensive Care Units, Length of Stay, Linear Models, Male, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Survival Rate, Treatment Outcome |
| What does the medical record reveal about functional status? A comparison of medical record and interview data. | Bogardus ST, Towle V, Williams CS, Desai MM, Inouye SK | Journal of general internal medicine | 2001 |
Academic Medical Centers, Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Health Status, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Male, Medical Records, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Predictive Value of Tests, Sensitivity and Specificity |
| An algorithm for prospective individual matching in a non-randomized clinical trial. | Charpentier PA, Bogardus ST, Inouye SK | Journal of clinical epidemiology | 2001 |
Aged, Algorithms, Clinical Trials as Topic, Delirium, prevention & control, Female, Humans, Male, Risk Factors, Selection Bias |
| Dementia and race: are there differences between African Americans and Caucasians? | Froehlich TE, Bogardus ST, Inouye SK | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 2001 |
African Continental Ancestry Group, Alzheimer Disease, epidemiology, Dementia, epidemiology, Dementia, Vascular, epidemiology, European Continental Ancestry Group, Humans, Prevalence, United States, epidemiology |
| Risk adjustment for older hospitalized persons: a comparison of two methods of data collection for the Charlson index. | van Doorn C, Bogardus ST, Williams CS, Concato J, Towle VR, Inouye SK | Journal of clinical epidemiology | 2001 |
Aged, Comorbidity, Data Collection, methods, Female, Hospitalization, statistics & numerical data, Humans, Male, Mortality, Predictive Value of Tests, Prospective Studies, Risk Adjustment |
| Cognitive and other adverse effects of diphenhydramine use in hospitalized older patients. | Agostini JV, Leo-Summers LS, Inouye SK | Archives of internal medicine | 2001 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cohort Studies, Connecticut, Delirium, chemically induced, Diphenhydramine, adverse effects, Female, Geriatric Assessment, Hospitalization, Hospitals, University, Humans, Male, Mental Status Schedule, Prospective Studies, Risk |
| Acute confusional state in elderly orthopaedic patients: factors of importance for detection in nursing care. | Andersson EM, Gustafson L, Hallberg IR | International journal of geriatric psychiatry | 2001 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Confusion, etiology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Emergency Service, Hospital, Female, Geriatric Assessment, Health Status, Hip Fractures, complications, Humans, Male, Nursing Homes, Postoperative Complications, Prognosis, Risk Factors |
| An evidence-based clinical approach to the diagnosis of dementia. | Chong MS, Sahadevan S | Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore | 2003 |
Alzheimer Disease, diagnosis, Brain, pathology, Caregivers, Delirium, diagnosis, Dementia, diagnosis, Dementia, Vascular, diagnosis, Evidence-Based Medicine, Health Status Indicators, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Neuropsychological Tests, Tomography, X-Ray Computed |
| The prognostic significance of subsyndromal delirium in elderly medical inpatients. | Cole M, McCusker J, Dendukuri N, Han L | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 2003 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cohort Studies, Cost of Illness, Delirium, diagnosis, Female, Health Status, Humans, Length of Stay, Male, Prognosis |
| An empirical study of different diagnostic criteria for delirium among elderly medical inpatients. | Cole MG, Dendukuri N, McCusker J, Han L | The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences | 2003 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Confusion, epidemiology, Delirium, diagnosis, Dementia, diagnosis, Diagnosis, Differential, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Empirical Research, Female, Geriatric Assessment, Humans, Inpatients, International Classification of Diseases, standards, Male, Prospective Studies, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, standards, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, statistics & numerical data, Reproducibility of Results, Sensitivity and Specificity |
| Delirium in the course of cancer treatment. | Fann JR, Sullivan AK | Seminars in clinical neuropsychiatry | 2003 |
Analgesics, Opioid, adverse effects, Delirium, diagnosis, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, adverse effects, Humans, Immunotherapy, adverse effects, Neoplasms, complications, Pain, drug therapy, Risk Factors, Terminal Care |
| A model for managing delirious older inpatients. | Flaherty JH, Tariq SH, Raghavan S, Bakshi S, Moinuddin A, Morley JE | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 2003 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Delirium, economics, Geriatric Nursing, economics, Health Facility Environment, economics, Hospital Units, economics, Humans, Intensive Care, economics, Mental Health Services, economics, Models, Nursing, Models, Organizational, Program Development, economics |
| Donepezil for postoperative delirium. | Gleason OC | Psychosomatics | 2003 |
Aged, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip, Delirium, diagnosis, Female, Hip Fractures, surgery, Humans, Indans, therapeutic use, Mental Status Schedule, Nootropic Agents, therapeutic use, Piperidines, therapeutic use, Postoperative Complications, diagnosis, Treatment Outcome |
| Cognitive impairment in hip fracture patients: timing of detection and longitudinal follow-up. | Gruber-Baldini AL, Zimmerman S, Morrison RS, Grattan LM, Hebel JR, Dolan MM, Hawkes W, Magaziner J | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 2003 |
Activities of Daily Living, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cognition Disorders, complications, Cohort Studies, Delirium, complications, Dementia, complications, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Hip Fractures, complications, Hospitalization, Humans, Incidence, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Prevalence, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Regression Analysis, Sex Factors, Time Factors |
| Delirium in older emergency department patients discharged home: effect on survival. | Kakuma R, du Fort GG, Arsenault L, Perrault A, Platt RW, Monette J, Moride Y, Wolfson C | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 2003 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Comorbidity, Delirium, complications, Emergency Service, Hospital, statistics & numerical data, Female, Humans, Male, Mortality, Patient Discharge, Prognosis, Prospective Studies, Quebec |
| Delirium among newly admitted postacute facility patients: prevalence, symptoms, and severity. | Kiely DK, Bergmann MA, Murphy KM, Jones RN, Orav EJ, Marcantonio ER | The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences | 2003 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Boston, epidemiology, Delirium, diagnosis, Female, Humans, Male, Prevalence, Skilled Nursing Facilities |
| Delirium in the critical care patient: what the professional staff needs to know. | Litton KA | Critical care nursing quarterly | 2003 |
Aged, Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium, etiology, Anxiety, etiology, Comorbidity, Confusion, etiology, Critical Care, Delirium, diagnosis, Education, Continuing, Humans, Nurse’s Role, Nursing Assessment, Psychotic Disorders, etiology, Risk Factors |
| Dementia after delirium in patients with femoral neck fractures. | Lundström M, Edlund A, Bucht G, Karlsson S, Gustafson Y | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 2003 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Delirium, complications, Dementia, etiology, Female, Femoral Neck Fractures, complications, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Postoperative Period, Preoperative Care, Prospective Studies, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Risk Assessment, Time Factors |
| Delirium symptoms in post-acute care: prevalent, persistent, and associated with poor functional recovery. | Marcantonio ER, Simon SE, Bergmann MA, Jones RN, Murphy KM, Morris JN | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 2003 |
Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Delirium, complications, Female, Humans, Male, Prevalence, Prospective Studies, Recovery of Function, Skilled Nursing Facilities, United States, epidemiology |
| Delirium in the intensive care unit. | Marshall MC, Soucy MD | Critical care nursing quarterly | 2003 |
Aged, Anxiety, complications, Confusion, complications, Delirium, etiology, Dementia, complications, Humans, Intensive Care, Intensive Care Units, Mental Disorders, complications, Nursing Assessment, Psychomotor Agitation, complications, Risk Factors |
| Detecting acute confusion in older adults: Comparing clinical reasoning of nurses working in acute, long-term, and community health care environments. | McCarthy MC | Research in nursing & health | 2003 |
Acute Disease, Aged, Clinical Competence, Confusion, diagnosis, Delirium, diagnosis, Dementia, diagnosis, Diagnosis, Differential, Health Facility Environment, Home Care Services, Homes for the Aged, Hospitals, Humans, Nursing Assessment, Nursing Homes, Ohio, Qualitative Research |
| Delirium: elders tell their stories and guide nursing practice. | McCurren C, Cronin SN | Medsurg nursing : official journal of the Academy of Medical-Surgical Nurses | 2003 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Delirium, nursing, Female, Humans, Life Change Events, Male, Nursing Assessment, Philosophy, Nursing, Questionnaires |
| Does delirium increase hospital stay? | McCusker J, Cole MG, Dendukuri N, Belzile E | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 2003 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cohort Studies, Delirium, diagnosis, Female, Geriatric Assessment, Humans, Length of Stay, statistics & numerical data, Linear Models, Male, Prospective Studies, Quebec, epidemiology, Severity of Illness Index |
| Delirium, depression, and anxiety. | Misra S, Ganzini L | Critical care clinics | 2003 |
Anxiety, diagnosis, Causality, Delirium, diagnosis, Depression, diagnosis, Humans, Incidence, Intensive Care, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Treatment Outcome |
| Impaired communication capacity and agitated delirium in the final week of terminally ill cancer patients: prevalence and identification of research focus. | Morita T, Tei Y, Inoue S | Journal of pain and symptom management | 2003 |
Aged, Communication, Critical Illness, psychology, Delirium, epidemiology, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Research, Retrospective Studies |
| Relationship between pain and opioid analgesics on the development of delirium following hip fracture. | Morrison RS, Magaziner J, Gilbert M, Koval KJ, McLaughlin MA, Orosz G, Strauss E, Siu AL | The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences | 2003 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Analgesics, Opioid, administration & dosage, Cohort Studies, Confidence Intervals, Delirium, epidemiology, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Hip Fractures, diagnosis, Humans, Incidence, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Multicenter Studies as Topic, Multivariate Analysis, New York City, Pain, diagnosis, Pain Measurement, Postoperative Period, Preoperative Care, Probability, Prospective Studies, Risk Assessment, Severity of Illness Index |
| Identification and management of delirium in the critically ill patient with cancer. | Morrison C | AACN clinical issues | 2003 |
Anti-Anxiety Agents, therapeutic use, Antipsychotic Agents, therapeutic use, Benzodiazepines, Delirium, diagnosis, Diagnosis, Differential, Humans, Mental Disorders, diagnosis, Neoplasms, complications, Risk Factors, Terminology as Topic |
| Delirium, depression often overlooked. | Naylor M | The American journal of nursing | 2003 |
Aged, Delirium, complications, Dementia, complications, Depression, complications, Hospitalization, Humans, Pilot Projects, United States |
| Donepezil for anticholinergic drug intoxication: a case report. | Noyan MA, Elbi H, Aksu H | Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry | 2003 |
Amitriptyline, adverse effects, Cholinergic Antagonists, adverse effects, Delirium, chemically induced, Drug Overdose, Humans, Indans, therapeutic use, Male, Middle Aged, Piperidines, therapeutic use |