What is the Delirium Bibliography? The searchable Delirium Bibliography page is one of our most popular features, allowing you to quickly gain access to the literature on delirium and acute care of older persons. It is primarily intended for clinicians and researchers interested in exploring these topics. The NIDUS team keeps it updated for you on a monthly basis!
How to Search for Articles: Search by author, title, year, and/or keywords. Each article is indexed by keywords taken from MEDLINE and other relevant databases. Click on the title of the article to read the abstract, journal, etc.
Reference Information
- Title
- Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU) for the diagnosis of delirium in adults in critical care settings
- Authors
- Miranda, F. Gonzalez, F. Plana, M. N. Zamora, J. Quinn, T. J. Seron, P.
- Year
- 2023
- Journal
- Cochrane Database Syst Rev
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: Delirium is an underdiagnosed clinical syndrome typified by an acute alteration of mental state. It is an important problem in critical care and intensive care units (ICU) due to its high prevalence and its association with adverse outcomes. Delirium is a very distressing condition for patients, with a huge impact on their well-being. Diagnosis of delirium in the critical care setting is challenging. This is especially true for patients who are mechanically ventilated and are therefore unable to engage in a verbal interview. The Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU) is a tool specifically designed to assess for delirium in the context of ICU patients, including those on mechanical ventilation. CAM-ICU can be administered by non-specialists to give a dichotomous delirium present/absent result. OBJECTIVES: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of the CAM-ICU for the diagnosis of delirium in adult patients in critical care units. SEARCH METHODS: We searched MEDLINE (Ovid SP, 1946 to 8 July 2022), Embase (Ovid SP, 1982 to 8 July 2022), Web of Science Core Collection (ISI Web of Knowledge, 1945 to 8 July 2022), PsycINFO (Ovid SP, 1806 to 8 July 2022), and LILACS (BIREME, 1982 to 8 July 2022). We checked the reference lists of included studies and other resources for additional potentially relevant studies. We also searched the Health Technology Assessment database, the Cochrane Library, Aggressive Research Intelligence Facility database, WHO ICTRP, ClinicalTrials.gov, and websites of scientific associations to access any annual meetings and abstracts of conference proceedings in the field. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included diagnostic studies enrolling adult ICU patients assessed using the CAM-ICU tool, regardless of language or publication status and reporting sufficient data on delirium diagnosis for the construction of 2 x 2 tables. Eligible studies evaluated the diagnostic performance of the CAM-ICU versus a clinical reference standard based on any iteration of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) criteria applied by a clinical expert. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently selected and collated study data. We assessed the methodological quality of studies using the QUADAS-2 tool. We used two univariate fixed-effect or random-effects models to determine summary estimates of sensitivity and specificity. We performed sensitivity analyses that excluded studies considered to be at high risk of bias and high concerns in applicability, due mainly to the target population included (e.g. patients with traumatic brain injury). We also investigated potential sources of heterogeneity, assessing the effect of reference standard diagnosis and proportion of patients ventilated. MAIN RESULTS: We included 25 studies (2817 participants). The mean age of participants ranged from 48 to 69 years; 15 of the studies included critical care units admitting mixed populations (e.g. medical, trauma, surgery patients). The percentage of patients receiving mechanical ventilation ranged from 11.8% to 100%. The prevalence of delirium in the studies included ranged from 12.5% to 83.9%. Presence of delirium was determined by the application of DSM-IV criteria in 13 out of 25 included studies. We assessed 13 studies as at low risk of bias and low applicability concerns for all QUADAS-2 domains. The most common issue of concern was flow and timing of the tests, followed by patient selection. Overall, we estimated a pooled sensitivity of 0.78 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.72 to 0.83) and a pooled specificity of 0.95 (95% CI 0.92 to 0.97). Sensitivity analysis restricted to studies at low risk of bias and without any applicability concerns (n = 13 studies) gave similar summary accuracy indices (sensitivity 0.80 (95% CI 0.72 to 0.86), specificity 0.95 (95% CI 0.93 to 0.97)). Subgroup analyses based on diagnostic assessment found summary estimates of sensitivity and specificity for studies using DSM-IV of 0.79 (95% CI 0.72 to 0.85) and 0.94 (95% CI 0.90 to 0.96). For studies that used DSM-5 criteria, summary estimates of sensitivity and specificity were 0.75 (95% CI 0.67 to 0.82) and 0.98 (95% CI 0.95 to 0.99). DSM criteria had no significant effect on sensitivity (P = 0.421), but the specificity for detection of delirium was higher when DSM-5 criteria were used (P = 0.024). The relative specificity comparing DSM-5 versus DSM-IV criteria was 1.05 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.08). Summary estimates of sensitivity and specificity for studies recruiting < 100% of patients with mechanical ventilation were 0.81 (95% CI 0.75 to 0.85) and 0.95 (95% CI 0.91 to 0.98). For studies that exclusively recruited patients with mechanical ventilation, summary estimates of sensitivity and specificity were 0.91 (95% CI 0.76 to 0.97) and 0.98 (95% CI 0.92 to 0.99). Although there was a suggestion of differential performance of CAM-ICU in ventilated patients, the differences were not significant in sensitivity (P = 0.316) or in specificity (P = 0.493). AUTHORS’ CONCLUSIONS: The CAM-ICU tool may have a role in the early identification of delirium, in adult patients hospitalized in intensive care units, including those on mechanical ventilation, when non-specialized, properly trained clinical personnel apply the CAM-ICU. The test is most useful for exclusion of delirium. The test may miss a proportion of patients with incident delirium, therefore in situations where detection of all delirium cases is desirable, it may be best to repeat the test or combine CAM-ICU with another assessment. Future studies should compare different screening tests proposed for bedside assessment of delirium, as this approach will reveal which tool yields superior accuracy. In addition, future studies should consider and report the flow and timing of the tests and clearly report key characteristics related to patient selection. Finally, future research should focus on the impact of CAM-ICU screening on patient outcomes.
- PMID
PMID: 37987526
- Keywords
Adult
Humans
Middle Aged
Aged
*Intensive Care Units
Sensitivity and Specificity
*Delirium/diagnosis
Critical Care
- Page(s)
- Volume
- Issue
| Title | Authors | Journal | Year | Keywords |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Perioperative Considerations for Patients with a Known Diagnosis of Dementia | McSwain, J. R. Sirianni, J. M. Wilson, S. H. | Adv Anesth | 2021 |
Alzheimer’s dementia |
| The relationship between frailty and delirium: insights from the 2017 Delirium Day study | Mazzola, P. Tassistro, E. Di Santo, S. Rossi, E. Andreano, A. Valsecchi, M. G. Cherubini, A. Marengoni, A. Mossello, E. Bo, M. Inzitari, M. Di Bari, M. Udina, C. Latronico, N. Paolillo, C. Morandi, A. Bellelli, G. | Age Ageing | 2021 |
Aged |
| Absence of Longer Reorientation Times in Patients Undergoing Electroconvulsive Therapy and Concomitant Treatment with Lithium | Martins-Ascencao, R. Rodrigues-Silva, N. Trovão, N. | Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci | 2021 |
Cognitive dysfunction |
| Period-Prevalence and Risk Factors for Delirium in a Tertiary Referral ICU: A prospective cohort study | Martinez, F. E. Ho, V. W. Brogan, G. Pickering, C. Leung, G. Parrey, J. Charlton, A. | Acute Med | 2021 |
Adult |
| Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Italian Version of the Observational Scale of Level of Arousal | Martella, L. A. Carmisciano, L. Giannotti, C. Signori, A. Pontremoli, R. Giusti, M. Gualco, E. Beccati, V. Marengoni, A. Nencioni, A. Monacelli, F. | J Am Med Dir Assoc | 2021 |
Aged |
| Prevalence and management of delirium in community dwelling older people with dementia referred to a memory clinic | Manni, B. Federzoni, L. Zucchi, P. Mussi, C. Inzitari, M. Carda, C. A. Fabbo, A. Morandi, A. | Aging Clin Exp Res | 2021 |
Aged |
| Impact of a Real-Time, Pharmacist-Led, Intensive Care Unit-Based Feedback Intervention on Analgesia and Sedation Quality Among Mechanically Ventilated Patients | Mancheril, B. Kram, B. Schultheis, J. Kram, S. Trammel, M. Liu, B. Jordan, W. Cox, C. E. | J Nurs Care Qual | 2021 |
*Analgesia |
| A New ICU Delirium Prevention Bundle to Reduce the Incidence of Delirium: A Randomized Parallel Group Trial | Malik, A. K. Baidya, D. K. Anand, R. K. Subramaniam, R. | Indian J Crit Care Med | 2021 |
Delirium |
| Risk factors associated with the development of delirium in general ICU patients. A prospective observational study | Lobo-Valbuena, B. Gordo, F. Abella, A. Garcia-Manzanedo, S. Garcia-Arias, M. M. Torrejón, I. Varillas-Delgado, D. Molina, R. | PLoS One | 2021 |
Delirium, ICU Delirium, CAM-ICU, Clinical Frailty Scale, Length of stay, Readmission rate |
| Incidence, Predictors and Outcomes of Delirium in Complicated Type B Aortic Dissection Patients After Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repai | Liu, J. Yang, F. Luo, S. Li, C. Liu, W. Liu, Y. Huang, W. Xie, E. Chen, L. Su, S. Yang, X. Geng, Q. Luo, J. | Clin Interv Aging | 2021 |
*Aneurysm, Dissecting/surgery |
| Dynamic Delirium Severity Trajectories and Their Association With 2-Year Healthcare Utilization and Mortality Outcomes | Lindroth, H. Mohanty, S. Ortiz, D. Gao, S. Perkins, A. J. Khan, S. H. Boustani, M. A. Khan, B. A. | Crit Care Explor | 2021 |
delirium |
| Intraoperative Oxygen Concentration and Postoperative Delirium After Laparoscopic Gastric and Colorectal Malignancies Surgery: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial | Lin, X. Wang, P. Liu, D. W. Guo, Y. W. Xie, C. H. Wang, B. Dong, R. Sun, L. X. Wang, M. S. Bi, Y. L. | Clin Interv Aging | 2021 |
Aged |
| Incidence of delirium following hospitalization of elderly people with fractures: risk factors and mortality | Lima, B. R. Nunes, B. K. G. Guimarães, Lcdc Almeida, L. F. Pagotto, V. | Rev Esc Enferm USP | 2021 |
Aged |
| Regional Nerve Block Decreases the Incidence of Postoperative Delirium in Elderly Hip Fracture | Lim, E. J. Koh, W. U. Kim, H. Kim, H. J. Shon, H. C. Kim, J. W. | J Clin Med | 2021 |
delirium |
| Effects of perioperative interventions for preventing postoperative delirium: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials | Li, X. Wang, Y. Liu, J. Xiong, Y. Chen, S. Han, J. Xie, W. Wu, Q. | Medicine (Baltimore) | 2021 |
Delirium/*prevention & control |
| Developing a machine learning model to identify delirium risk in geriatric internal medicine inpatients | Li, Q. Zhao, Y. Chen, Y. Yue, J. Xiong, Y. | Eur Geriatr Med | 2021 |
Delirium |
| Development and validation of a risk score for predicting postoperative delirium after major abdominal surgery by incorporating preoperative risk factors and surgical Apgar score | Li, G. H. Zhao, L. Lu, Y. Wang, W. Ma, T. Zhang, Y. X. Zhang, H. | J Clin Anesth | 2021 |
Bootstrapping |
| Non-Pharmacological Nursing Interventions for Prevention and Treatment of Delirium in Hospitalized Adult Patients: Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials | Lee, Y. Lee, J. Kim, J. Jung, Y. | Int J Environ Res Public Health | 2021 |
Adult |
| Association of natural light exposure and delirium according to the presence or absence of windows in the intensive care unit | Lee, H. J. Bae, E. Lee, H. Y. Lee, S. M. Lee, J. | Acute Crit Care | 2021 |
delirium |
| Knowledge, barriers, and training needs of nurses working in delirium care | Lee, G. Roh, Y. S | Nurs Crit Care | 2021 |
barrier |
| Causes and Predictors of 30-Day Readmission in Elderly Patients With Delirium | Lau, H. L. Patel, S. D. Garg, N. | Neurol Clin Pract | 2021 |
Readmission rate, Delirium, Hospitalization, Length of stay, Post discharge care |
| Comparison of Antipsychotics for the Treatment of Patients With Delirium and QTc Interval Prolongation: A Clinical Decision Analysis | Kurisu, K. Yoshiuchi, K. | Front Psychiatry | 2021 |
QTc prolongation |
| The Polish Version of the Nursing Delirium Screening Scale (NuDESC PL)-Experience of Using in Nursing Practice in Cardiac Surgery Intensive Care Unit | Krupa, S. Dorota, O. Friganovic, A. Mędrzycka-Dąbrowska, W. Jurek, K. | Int J Environ Res Public Health | 2021 |
Cardiac Surgical Procedures/adverse effects |
| Associations of delirium with urinary tract infections and asymptomatic bacteriuria in adults aged 65 and older: A systematic review and meta-analysis | Krinitski, D. Kasina, R. Klöppel, S. Lenouvel, E. | J Am Geriatr Soc | 2021 |
asymptomatic bacteriuria |
| Prevalence and Factors Affecting Postoperative Delirium in a Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit | Kose, G. Şirin, K. Inel, M. B. Mertoglu, S. Aksakal, R. Kurucu, Ş | J Neurosci Nurs | 2021 |
Cross-Sectional Studies |
| Effect of hypertension and medication use regularity on postoperative delirium after maxillofacial tumors radical surgery | Kong, S. Wang, J. Xu, H. Wang, K. | Oncotarget | 2021 |
hypertension |
| Perioperative Electroencephalogram Spectral Dynamics Related to Postoperative Delirium in Older Patients | Koch, S. Windmann, V. Chakravarty, S. Kruppa, J. Yürek, F. Brown, E. N. Winterer, G. Spies, C. | Anesth Analg | 2021 |
Electroencephalography, Postoperative delirium, Surgery, Spectral edge frequency |
| Is dislocation following total hip arthroplasty caused while suffering from delirium? | Kobayashi, T. Morimoto, T. Sonohata, M. Mawatari, M. | Nagoya J Med Sci | 2021 |
dislocation |
| Availability of preoperative neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio to predict postoperative delirium after head and neck free-flap reconstruction: A retrospective study | Kinoshita, H. Saito, J. Takekawa, D. Ohyama, T. Kushikata, T. Hirota, K. | PLoS One | 2021 |
Postoperative delirium, ICU delirium, Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, Surgery, Length of Stay |
| Delirium risk of histamine-2 receptor antagonists and proton pump inhibitors: A study based on the adverse drug event reporting database in Japan | Kikkawa, N. Sogawa, R. Monji, A. Sumi, S. Murakawa-Hirachi, T. Kubo, T. Eguchi, Y. Miyamoto, Y. Kamo, M. Tobita, S. Yukawa, M. Uchida, R. Egoshi, M. Shimanoe, C. | Gen Hosp Psychiatry | 2021 |
Delirium |
| Delirium in neurosurgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis | Kappen, P. R. Kakar, E. Dirven, C. M. F. van der Jagt, M. Klimek, M. Osse, R. J. Vincent, Apje | Neurosurg Rev | 2021 |
Delirium |
| Risk factors for postoperative delirium and subsyndromal delirium in older patients in the surgical ward: A prospective observational study | Kanno, M. Doi, M. Kubota, K. Kanoya, Y. | PLoS One | 2021 |
Postoperative delirium, Subsyndromal delirium, Surgery, CAM |
| Diagnostic accuracy and clinical applicability of the Swedish version of the 4AT assessment test for delirium detection, in a mixed patient population and setting | Johansson, Y. A. Tsevis, T. Nasic, S. Gillsjö, C. Johansson, L. Bogdanovic, N. Kenne Sarenmalm, E | BMC Geriatr | 2021 |
Aged |
| In-Hospital Delirium as a Prognostic Factor for New Cognitive Disorder in a 1-Year Post-Hip Fracture Follow-Up | Jaatinen, R. Luukkaala, T. Hongisto, M. T. Helminen, H. Nuotio, M. S. | Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord | 2021 |
Cognition |
| Italian version of the short 10/66 dementia diagnostic schedule: a validation study | Ibnidris, A. Piumatti, G. Carlevaro, F. Fadda, M. Magno, F. Magistro, D. Albanese, E. | BMJ Open | 2021 |
Aged |
| A Machine Learning-Based Algorithm for the Prediction of Intensive Care Unit Delirium (PRIDE): Retrospective Study | Hur, S. Ko, R. E. Yoo, J. Ha, J. Cha, W. C. Chung, C. R. | JMIR Med Inform | 2021 |
clinical prediction |
| The effect of evidence-based cluster nursing intervention on the incidences of delirium and the prognoses of ICU patients | Huang, S. Xu, J. Du, Y. Wang, Y. Wei, H. Wei, G. Hu, M. | Am J Transl Res | 2021 |
Evidence-based medicine |
| Impact of dexmedetomidine supplemented analgesia on delirium in patients recovering from orthopedic surgery: A randomized controlled tria | Hong, H. Zhang, D. Z. Li, M. Wang, G. Zhu, S. N. Zhang, Y. Wang, D. X. Sessler, D. I. | BMC Anesthesiol | 2021 |
Delirium |
| Effects of a simulation-based education programme on delirium care for critical care nurses: A randomized controlled trial | Ho, M. H. Yu, L. F. Lin, P. H. Chang, H. R. Traynor, V. Huang, W. C. Montayre, J. Chen, K. H. | J Adv Nurs | 2021 |
Clinical Competence |
| Postoperative Delirium in Older Patients: A Systematic Review of Assessment and Incidence of Postoperative Delirium | Ho, M. H. Nealon, J. Igwe, E. Traynor, V. Chang, H. R. Chen, K. H. Montayre, J. | Worldviews Evid Based Nurs | 2021 |
Aged |
| Harmonization of Four Delirium Instruments: Creating Crosswalks and the Delirium Item-Bank (DEL-IB) | Helfand, B. K. I. Detroyer, E. Milisen, K. Adamis, D. Metzger, E. D. Boudreaux, E. D. Inouye, S. K. Jones, R. N. | Am J Geriatr Psychiatry | 2021 | |
| Association between genetic variants of the cholinergic system and postoperative delirium and cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients | Heinrich, M. Sieg, M. Kruppa, J. Nürnberg, P. Schreier, P. H. Heilmann-Heimbach, S. Hoffmann, P. Nöthen, M. M. Janke, J. Pischon, T. Slooter, A. J. C. Winterer, G. Spies, C. D. | BMC Med Genomics | 2021 |
Chrm2 |
| Risk of delirium and impaired neurological outcome associated with delay in neurorehabilitation after acquired brain injury | Hansen, P. M. Lauridsen, J. T. Frandsen, N. S. | Dan Med J | 2021 |
*Brain Injuries |
| Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Impact of Delirium on Hospitalized Older Adults With Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis | Han, Q. Y. C. Rodrigues, N. G. Klainin-Yobas, P. Haugan, G. Wu, X. | J Am Med Dir Assoc | 2021 |
Dementia |
| Urinary albumin creatinine ratio associated with postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing elective non-cardiac surgery: A prospective observational study | Guan, H. L. Liu, H. Hu, X. Y. Abdul, M. Dai, M. S. Gao, X. Chen, X. F. Zhou, Y. Sun, X. Zhou, J. Li, X. Zhao, Q. Zhang, Q. Q. Wang, J. Han, Y. Cao, J. L. | CNS Neurosci Ther | 2021 |
delirium |
| Cognitive Impairment and Delirium in Older Patients Undergoing Major Head and Neck Surgery | Goldstein, D. P. Blasco, M. de Almeida, J. Su, J. Xu, W. Cohen, M. Sklar, M. Alibhai, S | Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg | 2021 |
clock draw test |
| What prompts patients to present with delirium? | Gibb, K. Krywonos, A. Shah, R. Jha, A. Davis, D. | Eur Geriatr Med | 2021 |
Adult |
| Admission Systolic Blood Pressure Predicts Post-Operative Delirium of Acute Aortic Dissection Patients in the Intensive Care Unit | Fu, Z. Xu, Q. Zhang, C. Bai, H. Chen, X. Zhang, Y. Luo, W. Lin, G. | Int J Gen Med | 2021 |
acute Stanford type A aortic dissection |
| Postoperative Delirium in Patients After Brain Tumor Surgery | French, J. Weber, T. Ge, B. Litofsky, N. S. | World Neurosurg | 2021 |
Confusion assessment method |
| Physical Restraints and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Survivors of Critical Illness. A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis | Franks, Z. M. Alcock, J. A. Lam, T. Haines, K. J. Arora, N. Ramanan, M. | Ann Am Thorac Soc | 2021 |
Adult |
| Long-Term Outcomes in ICU Patients with Delirium: A Population-based Cohort Study | Fiest, K. M. Soo, A. Hee Lee, C. Niven, D. J. Ely, E. W. Doig, C. J. Stelfox, H. T. | Am J Respir Crit Care Med | 2021 |
Adolescent |
| The effect of foot reflexology massage on delirium and sleep quality following cardiac surgery: A randomized clinical trial | Fazlollah, A. Babatabar Darzi, H. Heidaranlu, E. Moradian, S. T. | Complement Ther Med | 2021 |
*Cardiac Surgical Procedures/adverse effects |
| A delirium prevalence audit and a pre and post evaluation of an interprofessional education intervention to increase staff knowledge about delirium in older adults | Ewens, B. Seaman, K. Whitehead, L. Towell-Barnard, A. Young, M. | BMC Nurs | 2021 |
Delirium |
| Anaesthetic depth and delirium after major surgery: a randomised clinical trial | Evered, L. A. Chan, M. T. V. Han, R. Chu, M. H. M. Cheng, B. P. Scott, D. A. Pryor, K. O. Sessler, D. I. Veselis, R. Frampton, C. Sumner, M. Ayeni, A. Myles, P. S. Campbell, D. Leslie, K. Short, T. G. | Br J Anaesth | 2021 |
anaesthesia |
| Association of preoperative frailty with postoperative delirium in elderly orthopedic trauma patients | Esmaeeli, S. Franco-Garcia, E. Akeju, O. Heng, M. Zhou, C. Azocar, R. J. Quraishi, S. A. | Aging Clin Exp Res | 2021 |
Cognition |
| Prevention of postoperative delirium after cardiovascular surgery: A team-based approach | Enomoto, K. Kosaka, S. Kimura, T. Matsubara, M. Kitada, Y. Mieno, M. Okamura, H. | J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg | 2021 |
Delirium Team Approach program |
| Serum Levels of S100β, Neuron-Specific Enolase, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein in Kidney Transplant Recipients and Donors: A Prospective Cohort Study | Dinc, B. Yılmaz, V. T. Aslan, M. Aycan, I. O. Kiraz, N. Kisaoglu, A. Dandin, O. Hadimioglu, N. Ertug, Z. | Transplant Proc | 2021 |
Nephrectomy, Kidney transplant, Neuromarkers, Postoperative delirium |
| Delirium and Its Pharmacological Causes in Older People, Part 1 | DeMaagd, G. A. DeMaagd, D. R. Philip, A. Coalter, C. F. | Sr Care Pharm | 2021 |
Aged |
| Potentially inappropriate prescribing in dementia, multi-morbidity and incidence of adverse health outcomes | Delgado, J. Jones, L. Bradley, M. C. Allan, L. M. Ballard, C. Clare, L. Fortinsky, R. H. Hughes, C. M. Melzer, D. | Age Ageing | 2021 |
Aged |
| The Nexus Between Sleep Disturbance and Delirium Among Intensive Care Patients | Delaney, L. J. Litton, E. Van Haren, F. | Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am | 2021 |
Critical Care |
| Opportunities for quality improvement in the morbidity pattern of older adults undergoing pulmonary lobectomy for cancer | De León, L. E. Rochefort, M. M. Bravo-Iñiguez, C. E. Fox, S. W. Tarascio, J. N. Cardin, K. DuMontier, C. Frain, L. N. Jaklitsch, M. T. | J Geriatr Oncol | 2021 |
Aged |
| Palliative sedation in patients with advanced cancer in a specialized unit in a middle-income country: A retrospective cohort study | de Araujo, C. Z. S. de Araújo, L. Z. S. Nassar Junior, A. P. | Palliat Support Care | 2021 |
Cancer |
| Development and Implementation of a Multicomponent Protocol to Promote Sleep and Reduce Delirium in a Medical Intensive Care Unit | Darby, A. Northam, K. Austin, C. A. Chang, L. Campbell-Bright, S | Ann Pharmacother | 2021 |
critical care |
| Effect of Interventions With a Clinical Decision Support System for Hospitalized Older Patients: Systematic Review Mapping Implementation and Design Factors | Damoiseaux-Volman, B. A. van der Velde, N. Ruige, S. G. Romijn, J. A. Abu-Hanna, A. Medlock, S. | JMIR Med Inform | 2021 |
aged |
| Sevoflurane-Remifentanil Versus Propofol-Remifentanil Anesthesia During Noncardiac Surgery for Patients with Coronary Artery Disease - A Prospective Study Between 2016 and 2017 at a Single Center | Dai, Z. Lin, M. Li, Y. Gao, W. Wang, P. Lin, J. Wan, Z. Jiang, Y. | Med Sci Monit | 2021 |
Acute Coronary Syndrome, Coronary Artery Disease, Propofol |
| Symptom trajectories for palliative care inpatients with and without hyperactive delirium in the last week of life | Dai, Y. Walpole, G. Ding, J. Scanlon, C. Ho, L. Khoo, R. H. Huang, C. Cook, A. William, L. Johnson, C. E. | J Adv Nurs | 2021 |
end of life |
| Subtypes of delirium after ischaemic stroke-predisposing factors and outcomes: a prospective observational study (PROPOLIS) | Czyzycki, M. Klimiec-Moskal, E. Chrobak, A. A. Pera, J. Slowik, A. Dziedzic, T. | Eur J Neurol | 2021 |
delirium |
| Effectiveness of a Delirium Prevention Initiative on an Inpatient Neuroscience Unit | Cyrus, T. Wenthold, R. Hall, B. Tu, L. Hedquist, K. Omodt, J. Kozub, E. Guthrie, P. F. | J Neurosci Nurs | 2021 |
Clinical Competence |
| Association Between Cerebral Desaturation and Postoperative Delirium in Thoracotomy With One-Lung Ventilation: A Prospective Cohort Study | Cui, F. Zhao, W. Mu, D. L. Zhao, X. Li, X. Y. Wang, D. X. Jia, H. Q. Dai, F. Meng, L. | Anesth Analg | 2021 |
Aged |
| Factors for Timely Identification of Possible Occurrence of Delirium in Palliative Care: A Prospective Observational Study | Corli, O. Santucci, C. Uggeri, S. Bosetti, C. Cattaneo, M. Ermolli, D. Varrassi, G. Myrcik, D. Paladini, A. Rekatsina, M. Gerosa, C. Ornaghi, M. Roccasalva, A. Santambrogio, P. Beretta, M. | Adv Ther | 2021 |
*Delirium/chemically induced/diagnosis/epidemiology |
| A Processed Electroencephalogram-Based Brain Anesthetic Resistance Index Is Associated With Postoperative Delirium in Older Adults: A Dual Center Study | Cooter Wright, M. Bunning, T. Eleswarpu, S. S. Heflin, M. T. McDonald, S. R. Lagoo-Deenadalayan, S. Whitson, H. E. Martinez-Camblor, P. Deiner, S. G. Berger, M. | Anesth Analg | 2021 |
age factors, anesthesia, methods, delirium, surgery/prevention & control, Electroencephalography, drug effects |
| Implementation and Routinization of the ABCDE Bundle: A Mixed Methods Evaluation | Collinsworth, A. W. Brown, R. Cole, L. Jungeblut, C. Kouznetsova, M. Qiu, T. Richter, K. M. Smith, S. Masica, A. L. | Dimens Crit Care Nurs | 2021 |
Adult |
| Prediction of delirium using data mining: A systematic review | Chua, S. J. Wrigley, S. Hair, C. Sahathevan, R | J Clin Neurosci | 2021 |
Area Under Curve |
| Determinants of Non-emergency Use of Control Interventions in Older Canadian Psychiatric Inpatients: Analysizing the InterRAI Mental Health Electronic Health Records | Cheung, G. Mah, T. M. Barak, Y. Hirdes, J. P. | Front Psychiatry | 2021 |
aggression |
| Assessment of preoperative frailty and identification of patients at risk for postoperative delirium in cardiac intensive care units: a prospective observational study | Cheng, H. W. Liu, C. Y. Chen, Y. S. Shih, C. C. Chen, W. Y. Chiou, A. F. | Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs | 2021 |
Anxiety |
| Preoperative prognostic nutritional index is useful factor for predicting postoperative delirium after primary total joint arthroplasty | Chen, J. Zheng, C. Zhong, J. Zhao, G. Shi, J. Huang, G. Wei, Y. Wang, S. Yu, J. Xia, J. | BMC Musculoskelet Disord | 2021 |
Aged |
| Case-control study on the interplay between immunoparalysis and delirium after cardiac surgery | CheheiliSobbi, S. Peters van Ton, A. M. Wesselink, E. M. Looije, M. F. Gerretsen, J. Morshuis, W. J. Slooter, A. J. C. Abdo, W. F. Pickkers, P. van den Boogaard, M. | J Cardiothorac Surg | 2021 |
*Cardiac Surgical Procedures/adverse effects |
| Diagnostic accuracy of the "4 A's Test" delirium screening tool for the postoperative cardiac surgery ward | Chang, Y. Ragheb, S. M. Oravec, N. Kent, D. Nugent, K. Cornick, A. Hiebert, B. Rudolph, J. L. MacLullich, A. M. J. Arora, R. C. | J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg | 2021 |
4at |
| Meta-analysis of ICU Delirium Biomarkers and Their Alignment With the NIA-AA Research Framework | Chan, C. K. Song, Y. Greene, R. Lindroth, H. Khan, S. Rios, G. Khan, B. Wang, S | Am J Crit Care | 2021 |
Alzheimer Disease |
| Sedation strategy and ICU delirium: a multicentre, population-based propensity score-matched cohort study | Casault, C. Soo, A. Lee, C. H. Couillard, P. Niven, D. Stelfox, T. Fiest, K. | BMJ Open | 2021 |
Adult |
| Health outcomes after the implementation of multidisciplinary clinical guidelines for the care of hip fractures | Casanova Querol, T. Santiago Bautista, J. M. Lafuente Salinas, M. Güell Farré, E. Girós Torres, J. Martín-Baranera, M. Miralles Basseda, R. | Rev Clin Esp (Barc) | 2021 |
Atención continuada |
| Pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions to prevent delirium in critically ill patients: a systematic review and network meta-analysis | Burry, L. D. Cheng, W. Williamson, D. R. Adhikari, N. K. Egerod, I. Kanji, S. Martin, C. M. Hutton, B. Rose, L. | Intensive Care Med | 2021 |
Adult |
| Dexmedetomidine for Facilitating Mechanical Ventilation Extubation in Difficult-to-Wean ICU Patients: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials | Buckley, M. S. Smithburger, P. L. Wong, A. Fraser, G. L. Reade, M. C. Klein-Fedyshin, M. Ardiles, T. Kane-Gill, S. L. | J Intensive Care Med | 2021 |
Adult |
| Risk factors for postoperative delirium: An umbrella review of systematic reviews | Bramley, P. McArthur, K. Blayney, A. McCullagh, I. | Int J Surg | 2021 |
*Cognitive Dysfunction |
| Inadequate emergence after anesthesia for elective cancer surgery: a single-center cohort study | Braga, A. Abelha, F. | Braz J Anesthesiol | 2021 |
Cancer surgeries |
| Asthma and delirium episodes during hospitalization | Bozek, A. Fiolka, R. Zajac, M. | Aging Med (Milton) | 2021 |
asthma |
| A pragmatic assessment of proton pump inhibitors vs. histamine type 2 receptor antagonists on clinically important gastrointestinal bleeding and mortality when used for stress ulcer prophylaxis in the ICU | Boyd, C. Hassig, T. MacLaren, R. | Pharmacotherapy | 2021 |
critical illness |
| Brain Network Dysfunction in Poststroke Delirium and Spatial Neglect: An fMRI Study | Boukrina, O. Kowalczyk, M. Koush, Y. Kong, Y. Barrett, A. M. | Stroke | 2021 |
MRI, functional |
| Preventing Delirium and Promoting Long-Term Brain Health: A Clinical Trial Design for the Perioperative Cognitive Enhancement (PROTECT) Trial | Atkins, K. J. Scott, D. A. Silbert, B. Pike, K. E. Evered, L. | J Alzheimers Dis | 2021 |
Anesthesia and analgesia |
| Prevalence of Severe Neurocognitive Impairment and Its Association with Socio-Demographics and Functionality Among Ugandan Older Persons: A Hospital-Based Study | Atim, L. M. Kaggwa, M. M. Mamun, M. A. Ashaba, S. Maling, S. | Clin Interv Aging | 2021 |
Aged |
| Clinical Aspects of Palliative Sedation in Prospective Studies. A Systematic Review | Arantzamendi, M. Belar, A. Payne, S. Rijpstra, M. Preston, N. Menten, J. Van der Elst, M. Radbruch, L. Hasselaar, J. Centeno, C. | J Pain Symptom Manage | 2021 |
*Hospice and Palliative Care Nursing |
| Psychometric Properties of Nursing Delirium Screening Scale in Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Units | Amirajam, Z. Asadi-Noran, E. Molaei, B. Adiban, V. Heidarzadeh, M. Hassanpour-Darghah, M. | Indian J Crit Care Med | 2021 |
Delirium |
| Delirium researchers' perspectives of the challenges in delirium biomarker research: A qualitative study | Amgarth-Duff, I. Hosie, A. Caplan, G. A. Agar, M. | PLoS One | 2021 |
Biomarkers/blood |
| Addition of Valerian and Lemon Balm Extract to Quetiapine Reduces Agitation in Critically Ill Patients with Delirium: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial | Alikiaie, B. Shahmoradi, E. Yekdaneh, A. Mousavi, S. | Indian J Crit Care Med | 2021 |
Delirium |
| Spinal block and delirium in oncologic patients after laparoscopic surgery in the Trendelenburg position: A randomized controlled trial | Mitsunaga, J. K. Junior Calsavara, V. F. Onari, E. S. Arantes, V. M. Akamine, C. P. Handa, A. M. Quezada, M. M. C. Ito, F. Y. Porto, A. C. S. Giroud Joaquim, E. H. Nakamura, G. | PLoS One | 2021 | |
| Perioperative Vascular Biomarker Profiling in Elective Surgery Patients Developing Postoperative Delirium: A Prospective Cohort Study | Menzenbach, J. Frede, S. Petras, J. Guttenthaler, V. Kirfel, A. Neumann, C. Mayr, A. Wittmann, M. Coburn, M. Klaschik, S. Hilbert, T. | Biomedicines | 2021 |
Ccl2 |
| Preliminary Study of Serum Biomarkers Associated With Delirium After Major Cardiac Surgery | McKay, T. B. Rhee, J. Colon, K. Adelsberger, K. Turco, I. Mueller, A. Qu, J. Akeju, O. | J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth | 2021 |
Fgf |
| Stratified delirium risk using prescription medication data in a state-wide cohort | McCoy, T. H., Jr. Castro, V. M. Hart, K. L. Perlis, R. H. | Gen Hosp Psychiatry | 2021 |
Cohort study |
| Nutritional Risk at intensive care unit admission and outcomes in survivors of critical illness | Mart, M. F. Girard, T. D. Thompson, J. L. Whitten-Vile, H. Raman, R. Pandharipande, P. P. Heyland, D. K. Ely, E. W. Brummel, N. E. | Clin Nutr | 2021 |
Activities of daily living |
| Risk Factors for Delirium Are Different in the Very Old: A Comparative One-Year Prospective Cohort Study of 5,831 Patients | Marquetand, J. Bode, L. Fuchs, S. Hildenbrand, F. Ernst, J. von Kaenel, R. Boettger, S. | Front Psychiatry | 2021 |
comparison |