Delirium Bibliography

Delirium Bibliography books graphicWhat is the Delirium Bibliography? The searchable Delirium Bibliography page is one of our most popular features, allowing you to quickly gain access to the literature on delirium and acute care of older persons. It is primarily intended for clinicians and researchers interested in exploring these topics. The NIDUS team keeps it updated for you on a monthly basis!

How to Search for Articles: Search by author, title, year, and/or keywords. Each article is indexed by keywords taken from MEDLINE and other relevant databases. Click on the title of the article to read the abstract, journal, etc.

Reference Information

Title
The effects of elective aortic repair, colorectal cancer surgery and subsequent postoperative delirium on long-term quality of life, cognitive functioning and depressive symptoms in older patients
Authors
Janssen, T. L. de Vries, J. Lodder, P. Faes, M. C. Ho, G. H. Gobardhan, P. D. van der Laan, L.
Year
2020
Journal
Aging & mental health
Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to demonstrate the impact of elective major abdominal surgery and subsequent postoperative delirium on quality of life (QOL; primary outcome), cognitive functioning and depressive symptoms (secondary outcomes) in older surgical patients.Method: A single-centre, longitudinal prospective cohort study was conducted between November 2015 and June 2018, including patients ≥70 years old who underwent surgery for colorectal cancer or an abdominal aortic aneurysm. They were followed-up at discharge and at 6 and 12 months postoperatively until June 2019. QOL was assessed with the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF). Cognitive functioning was measured with the Mini-Mental State Examination and depressive symptoms with the CES-D 16.Results: In all patients (n = 265), physical and psychological health were significantly lower at discharge compared to baseline (p < 0.001 for both domains). Physical health restored after 6 months, but psychological health remained decreased for the complete study period. Psychological, social and environmental QOL were significantly worse in patients with delirium compared to patients without (p = 0.001, p = 0.006 and p = 0.001 respectively). The cognitive functioning score was significantly lower at baseline in patients with delirium compared to those without (p = 0.006). Patients with delirium had a significantly higher CES-D 16 score compared to those without after 12 months (p = 0.027).Conclusion: Physical and psychological QOL were decreased in the early postoperative period. While physical health was restored after 6 and 12 months, psychological health remained decreased. After 12 months, postoperative delirium resulted in worse psychological, social and environmental QOL and more depressive symptoms. Decreased cognitive functioning may be a risk factor for delirium.

PMID

32054299

Keywords

abdominal aortic aneurysm
abdominal surgery
adult
aortic reconstruction
article
cancer patient
cancer surgery
cognition
cohort analysis
colorectal cancer
controlled study
depression
elective surgery
female
human
major clinical study
male
Mini Mental State Examination
outcome assessment
postoperative delirium
postoperative period
prospective study
psychological well-being
quality of life
questionnaire
risk factor
surgery
surgical patient
World Health Organization

Page(s)
1-10
Issue

Search:
Total Records Found: 6272, showing 100 per page
TitleAuthorsJournalYearKeywords
Delirium and Behavioral Symptoms in Persons With Dementia at Hospital Admission: Mediating Factors Boltz, M. Kuzmik, A. Resnick, B. BeLue, R. Jao, Y. L. Paudel, A. Behrens, L. Leslie, D. Sinvani, L. Galvin, J. E. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2023

dementia, delirium, behavioral symptoms, delirium severity, hospital admission

The impact of rounds with a psychiatry team in the intensive care unit: A prospective observational pilot study evaluating the effects on delirium incidence and outcomes Choi, K. J. Tan, M. Jones, K. Sheski, D. Cho, S. Garrick, T. Yau, A. Solio, D. Sinclair, K. Cervantes, E. Castillo, R. A. Clark, D. Biswas, S. Alvarez, C. Grunstein, I. Cobb, J. P. Kuza, C. M. J Psychiatr Res 2023

Adult, Humans, *Delirium/epidemiology/prevention & control, Prospective Studies, Pilot Projects, Incidence, Aftercare, Patient Discharge, Intensive Care Units, Length of Stay, Critical care, Delirium prevention, Multidisciplinary care, Postoperative delirium

Brain injury biomarkers do not predict delirium in acutely ill older patients: a prospective cohort study de Alencar, J. C. G. Garcez, F. B. Pinto, A. A. S. Silva, Loje Soler, L. M. Fernandez, S. S. M. Van Vaisberg, V. Gomez Gomez, L. M. Ribeiro, S. M. L. Avelino-Silva, T. J. Souza, H. P. Sci Rep 2023

Humans, Aged, Prospective Studies, Biomarkers, Inflammation/complications, *Brain Injuries/complications, *Delirium/etiology

Standardized pharmacological management of delirium after on-pump cardiac surgery reduces ICU stay and ventilation in a retrospective pre-post study Deininger, M. M. Schnitzler, S. Benstoem, C. Simon, T. P. Marx, G. Panagiotidis, D. Ziles, D. Schnoering, H. Karasimos, E. Breuer, T. Sci Rep 2023

Humans, Retrospective Studies, *Emergence Delirium, Respiration, *Cardiac Surgical Procedures/adverse effects, Postoperative Complications/drug therapy/etiology, Intensive Care Units

Thiamine Administration and the Prevalence of Delirium in the Intensive Care Unit: A Retrospective Before and After Interventional Study Dichtwald, S. Varbarbut, N. Dana, E. Zohar, E. Ifrach, N. Fredman, B. Isr Med Assoc J 2023

Humans, Retrospective Studies, Prospective Studies, Prevalence, Thiamine
*Delirium/epidemiology/etiology/diagnosis, Length of Stay, Intensive Care Units, *Thiamine Deficiency/epidemiology/complications, Critical Illness/therapy

The effects of computerised cognitive training on post-CABG delirium and cognitive change: A prospective randomised controlled trial Greaves, D. Astley, J. Psaltis, P. J. Lampit, A. Davis, D. H. Ghezzi, E. S. Smith, A. E. Bourke, A. Worthington, M. G. Valenzuela, M. J. Keage, H. A. Delirium (Bielef) 2023

Coronary artery bypass grafting, cognition, cognitive training, delirium, post-operative

Risk Factors and 120-Day Functional Outcomes of Delirium After Hip Fracture Surgery: A Prospective Cohort Study Using the UK National Hip Fracture Database (NHFD) Hawley, S. Inman, D. Gregson, C. L. Whitehouse, M. Johansen, A. Judge, A. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2023

4at, Hip fracture, cognitive decline, delirium, epidemiology, recovery

In a secondary analysis from a randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled trial Dexmedetomidine blocks cholinergic dysregulation in delirium pathogenesis in patients with major surgery Jacob, Y. Schneider, B. Spies, C. Heinrich, M. von Haefen, C. Kho, W. Pohrt, A. Müller, A. Sci Rep 2023

Humans, *Dexmedetomidine/pharmacology/therapeutic use, Acetylcholinesterase, Butyrylcholinesterase, *Delirium/drug therapy/etiology, *Emergence Delirium/drug therapy, Double-Blind Method

Relationship between neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and postoperative delirium in elderly patients with proximal femoral nail anti-rotation for intertrochanteric fractures Ji, S. Li, Z. Li, M. Lu, Y. Ma, T. Qi, H. Cui, Y. Du, B. Huang, Q. Zhang, K. Lin, H. Yang, Y. Am J Transl Res 2023

Pfna, Postoperative delirium, intertrochanteric fracture, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, risk factor

Association of drug burden index with delirium in community-dwelling older adults with dementia: a longitudinal observational study Katipoglu, B. Demircan, S. K. Naharci, M. I. Int J Clin Pharm 2023

Adverse effect, Anticholinergic, Delirium, Dementia, Drug burden index, Older adults, Risk factors, Sedatives

The Usefulness of Quantitative Electroencephalography in Diagnosis and Severity Evaluation of Delirium: A Retrospective Study Kim, S. B. Bong, S. H. Lee, J. H. Choi, T. Y. Yoon, S. Y. Kim, J. W. Psychiatry Investig 2023

Biomarker, Delirium, Disease severity, Electroencephalography, Retrospective study

Associations of albumin and nutritional index factors with delirium in patients admitted to the cardiac intensive care unit Kim, T. W. Ko, R. E. Na, S. J. Chung, C. R. Choi, K. H. Park, C. M. Yang, J. H. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023

albumin, cardiac intensive care unit, delirium, malnutrition, nutrition indexes

The Perioperative Frontal Relative Ratio of the Alpha Power of Electroencephalography for Predicting Postoperative Delirium After Highly Invasive Surgery: A Prospective Observational Study Kinoshita, H. Saito, J. Kushikata, T. Oyama, T. Takekawa, D. Hashiba, E. Sawa, T. Hirota, K. Anesth Analg 2023

postoperative delirium, electroencephalography, cancer, inflammatory markers, predictive model

Six-Year Cognitive Trajectory in Older Adults Following Major Surgery and Delirium Kunicki, Z. J. Ngo, L. H. Marcantonio, E. R. Tommet, D. Feng, Y. Fong, T. G. Schmitt, E. M. Travison, T. G. Jones, R. N. Inouye, S. K. JAMA Intern Med 2023

dementia, delirium, older adults, prospective study, Cognitive Trajectory, follow-up, surgical

Risk factors and effect of postoperative delirium on adverse surgical outcomes in older adults after elective abdominal cancer surgery in Taiwan Lai, C. C. Liu, K. H. Tsai, C. Y. Hsu, J. T. Hsueh, S. W. Hung, C. Y. Chou, W. C. Asian J Surg 2023

Humans, Aged, *Emergence Delirium/complications, *Delirium/etiology/complications, Taiwan/epidemiology, Postoperative, Complications/epidemiology/etiology, *Abdominal Neoplasms/surgery, Risk Factors, Treatment Outcome, Cancer surgery, Delirium, Elderly, Oncogeriatric patient, Taiwan

Nurses' knowledge, barriers and practice in the care of patients with delirium in the intensive care unit in Poland-A cross-sectional study Lange, S. Mȩdrzycka-Da Browska, W. Tomaszek, L. Wujtewicz, M. Krupa, S. Front Public Health 2023

Humans, Female, Cross-Sectional Studies, Clinical Competence, Poland, *Delirium/diagnosis, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, *Nursing Staff,, Hospital/psychology, Intensive Care Units, Icu, barriers, delirium, delirium assessment, evidence-based nursing practice, knowledge, nursing practice

Risk factors for delirium among patients with advanced cancer in palliative care: a multicenter, patient-based registry cohort in South Korea Lee, S. W. Jung, E. H. Kim, H. J. Min, C. Yoo, S. H. Kim, Y. J. Rha, S. Y. Yon, D. K. Kang, B. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2023

Humans, Male, Aged, Palliative Care, Analgesics, Opioid, Cohort Studies, Thinness/complications, *Delirium/epidemiology, *Neoplasms/complications/epidemiology, Risk Factors, Republic of Korea/epidemiology, Registries

Prophylactic dexmedetomidine use did not decrease the incidence of delirium in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: A meta-analysis Li, W. Liu, H. Yang, C. Perfusion 2022

Humans, Incidence, Bradycardia/epidemiology/etiology, *Cardiac Surgical, Procedures/adverse effects, Intensive Care Units, *Hypotension/etiology, *Delirium/epidemiology/etiology/prevention & control, Randomized Controlled, Trials as Topic, cardiac surgery, delirium, dexmedetomidine, meta-analysis, randomized controlled trials

Preoperative serum ribose concentrations may be associated with postoperative delirium in older patients with a hip fracture Liu, K. Chen, L. Zou, B. Liu, T. Han, D. Wang, Q. Mi, X. Kang, N. Hong, J. Li, Y. Li, Y. Guo, X. Li, Z. Yang, N. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2023

Humans, Aged, *Emergence Delirium/complications, Ribose, *Delirium/diagnosis/etiology, *Hip Fractures/complications/surgery, Postoperative Complications, Biomarkers, Hip fracture, Molecular biomarker, Older patient, Postoperative delirium

Correlation and influencing factors of preoperative anxiety, postoperative pain, and delirium in elderly patients undergoing gastrointestinal cancer surgery Liu, Q. Li, L. Wei, J. Xie, Y. BMC Anesthesiol 2023

Aged, Humans, *Emergence Delirium/epidemiology, Postoperative, Complications/epidemiology/etiology, *Delirium/etiology/complications, Pain,, Postoperative/epidemiology/complications, Anxiety/epidemiology, Risk Factors, *Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/complications/surgery, Anxiety, Delirium, Elderly, Gastrointestinal cancer, Pain

Postoperative delirium and its influencing factors in elderly patients with lung cancer in the intensive care unit Lu, Y. Liu, X. J Thorac Dis 2023

Lung cancer, elderly patients, factors, intensive care unit (ICU), postoperative delirium (POD)

Dexmedetomidine for the prevention of delirium in adults admitted to the intensive care unit or post-operative care unit: A systematic review of randomised clinical trials with meta-analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis Maagaard, M. Barbateskovic, M. Andersen-Ranberg, N. C. Kronborg, J. R. Chen, Y. X. Xi, H. H. Perner, A. Wetterslev, J. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2023

Adult, Humans, Critical Care, *Delirium/prevention & control, *Dexmedetomidine/therapeutic use, Hospitalization, Intensive Care Units, delirium, dexmedetomidine, intensive care unit, meta-analysis, post-operative, systematic review

Delirium: Prevalence and outcome in the very old in 27 medical departments during a one-year prospective study Marquetand, J. Bode, L. Fuchs, S. Ernst, J. von Känel, R. Boettger, S. Palliat Support Care 2022

Humans, Prospective Studies, Prevalence, *Delirium/diagnosis, Critical Care, Nursing Homes, Intensive Care Units, Risk Factors, Consultation, Death, Loss of independence, Psychiatric, Risk, Services

Pharmacological prevention of postoperative delirium in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a bayesian network meta-analysis Meco, M. Giustiniano, E. Cecconi, M. Albano, G. J Anesth 2023

Humans, *Emergence Delirium/prevention & control/complications, Network, Meta-Analysis, Bayes Theorem, *Delirium/etiology/prevention & control/epidemiology, *Cardiac Surgical Procedures/adverse effects, Postoperative Complications/epidemiology, Cardiac surgery, Pharmacological prevention, Postoperative delirium, Randomized controlled trials meta-analysis

Development and validation of a delirium risk prediction model using a modified version of the Delirium Elderly at Risk (mDEAR) screen in hospitalized patients aged 65 and older: A medical record review Meehan, A. J. Gabra, J. N. Distelhorst, K. S. Whyde, C. Mangira, C. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2023

Delirium, Delirium risk prediction older adults, Nursing delirium admission screen, aged, screening

Evaluating the performance of machine learning methods for risk estimation of delirium in patients hospitalized from the emergency department Mueller, B. Street, W. N. Carnahan, R. M. Lee, S. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2023

delirium, emergency department, risk estimation, health record review, machine learning

Relationship between angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers prescribing and delirium in the ICU-A secondary analysis Mulkey, M. A. Khan, S. Perkins, A. Gao, S. Wang, S. Campbell, N. Khan, B. J Am Geriatr Soc 2023

ACE inhibitor, angiotensin receptor blocker, critical care, delirium, intensive care

Bispectral EEG (BSEEG) Algorithm Captures High Mortality Risk Among 1,077 Patients: Its Relationship to Delirium Motor Subtype Nishizawa, Y. Yamanashi, T. Saito, T. Marra, P. Crutchley, K. J. Wahba, N. E. Malicoat, J. Shibata, K. Nishiguchi, T. Lee, S. Cho, H. R. Kanazawa, T. Shinozaki, G. Am J Geriatra Psychiatry 2023

Bseeg, Bispectral electroencephalogram, delirium, mortality, motor subtype

Computable Phenotypes to Characterize Changing Patient Brain Dysfunction in the Intensive Care Unit Ren, Y. Loftus, T. J. Guan, Z. Uddin, R. Shickel, B. Maciel, C. B. Busl, K. Rashidi, P. Bihorac, A. Ozrazgat-Baslanti, T. ArXiv 2023

Acute brain dysfunction, delirium, Intensive Care Unit, automated computable phenotypes, algorithm

Association between obstructive sleep apnea and atrial fibrillation and delirium after cardiac surgery. Sub-analysis of DECADE trial Rivas, E. Shehata, P. Bravo, M. Almonacid-Cardenas, F. Shah, K. Kopac, O. Ruetzler, K. Troianos, C. A. Turan, A. J Clin Anesth 2023

Atrial fibrillation, Cardiac surgery, Delirium, Obstructive sleep apnea, Intensive Care Unit

Spinal Dexamethasone Effect on Cognitive Disorders After Hip Surgery Sakic, L. Tonkovicc, D. Hrgovic, Z. Klasan, A. Med Arch 2023

Humans, Aged, Levobupivacaine, Hydrocortisone, *Cognition Disorders, *Cognitive Dysfunction, Dexamethasone/therapeutic use, delirium, dexamethasone, proximal femoral fracture, spinal anesthesia

Effects of Melatonin Administration on Post-Stroke Delirium in Patients with Intracerebral Hemorrhage Siokas, V. Roesch, S. Stefanou, M. I. Buesink, R. Wilke, V. Sartor-Pfeiffer, J. Adeyemi, K. Poli, S. Dardiotis, E. Ziemann, U. Feil, K. Mengel, A. J Clin Med 2023

intracerebral hemorrhage, melatonin, post-stroke delirium, prospective study, stroke unit

Clinical Risk Group as a predictor of mortality in delirious older adults in the emergency department Soler-Sanchis, A. Martínez-Arnau, F. M. Sánchez-Frutos, J. Pérez-Ros, P. Exp Gerontol 2023

Male, Humans, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Prospective Studies, *Delirium/diagnosis/complications, Hospitalization, Risk Factors, Emergency Service, Hospital, Chronicity, Delirium, Emergency department, Survival

Plasma biomarkers and delirium in critically ill patients after cardiac surgery: A prospective observational cohort study Su, L. J. Chen, M. J. Yang, R. Zou, H. Chen, T. T. Li, S. L. Guo, Y. Hu, R. F. Heart Lung 2023

Humans, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Interleukin-6, *Delirium/diagnosis/etiology, Critical Illness, Biomarkers, Intensive Care Units, *Cardiac Surgical Procedures/adverse effects, Cardiac surgery, Delirium, Intensive care unit

Safety of baclofen versus tizanidine for older adults with musculoskeletal pain Su Zhang, V. R. Niu, F. Lee, E. A. DiStasio, C. Broder, B. I. Steinberg, S. G. Hui, R. L. J Am Geriatr Soc 2023

baclofen, delirium, injury, safety, tizanidine

Delirium Risk Score in Elderly Patients with Cervical Spinal Cord Injury and/or Cervical Fracture Tanner, M.Tamai, K. Terai, H. Nakamura, H. Yokogawa, N. Sasagawa, T. Nakashima, H. Segi, N. Ito, S. Funayama, T. Eto, F. Yamaji, A. Watanabe, K. Yamane, J. Takeda, K. Furuya, T. Yunde, A. Nakajima, H. Yamada, T. Hasegawa, T. Terashima, Y. Hirota, R. Suzuk J Clin Med 2023

cervical fracture, cervical spinal cord injury, delirium, elderly, prediction

Persistent delirium in older hospital patients: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis Whitby, J. Nitchingham, A. Caplan, G. Davis, D. Tsui, A. PLoS One 2022

Humans, Aged, *Delirium/etiology, Inpatients, *Cognition Disorders/complications, *Cognitive Dysfunction/complications, Risk Factors, Geriatric Assessment

Delirium in older hospitalized patients-A prospective analysis of the detailed course of delirium in geriatric inpatients Wilke, S. Steiger, E. Bärwolff, T. L. Kleine, J. F. Müller-Werdan, U. Rosada, A. PLoS One 2023

Humans, Aged, *Delirium/etiology, Inpatients, *Cognition Disorders/complications, *Cognitive Dysfunction/complications, Risk Factors, Geriatric Assessment

Anti-inflammatory medication use associated with reduced delirium risk and all-cause mortality: A retrospective cohort study Yamanashi, T. Sullivan, E. J. Comp, K. R. Nishizawa, Y. Akers, C. C. Chang, G. Modukuri, M. Tran, T. Anderson, Z. E. M. Marra, P. S. Crutchley, K. J. Wahba, N. E. Iwata, M. Karam, M. D. Noiseux, N. O. Cho, H. R. Shinozaki, G. J Psychosom Res 2023

Anti-inflammatory medication, Delirium, Glucosamine, Mortality, NSAIDs
LLC and has pending patents as follows: “Non-invasive device for predicting, and screening delirium”, PCT application no. PCT/US2016/064937 and US provisional patent no. 62/263,325, “Prediction of patient outcomes with a novel
electroencephalography device”, US provisional patent no. 62/829,411
“Epigenetic, Biomarker of Delirium Risk” in the PCT Application No. PCT/US19/51276, and in U.S. Provisional Patent No. 62/731,599. All other authors have declared that no conflict of interest exists.

Application of a flexible visitation system in critically ill patients: A randomized clinical trial Yang, H. Y. Feng, F. Yang, W. W. Chen, Y. Sci Prog 2023

Humans, Critical Illness/therapy, *Delirium, Intensive Care Units, Length of Stay, *Cross Infection, ChiCTR2200059093, Flexible visitation system, Trial registration: ChiCTR, delirium, high-quality care

Association between preoperative anxiety and postoperative delirium in older patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis Yang, K. L. Detroyer, E. Van Grootven, B. Tuand, K. Zhao, D. N. Rex, S. Milisen, K. BMC Geriatr 2023

Humans, Aged, 80 and over, *Emergence Delirium, *Delirium/diagnosis/epidemiology/etiology, Prospective Studies, Anxiety/diagnosis, Postoperative, Complications/diagnosis/epidemiology/etiology, Risk Factors
Cognitive dysfunction, Meta-analysis, Older patients, Postoperative delirium, Preoperative anxiety

Ramelteon for delirium prevention in hospitalized patients: An updated meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomized controlled trials Yu, C. L. Carvalho, A. F. Thompson, T. Tsai, T. C. Tseng, P. T. Tu, Y. K. Yang, S. N. Yang, F. C. Chang, C. H. Hsu, C. W. Hsu, T. W. Liang, C. S. J Pineal Res 2023

Humans, Middle Aged, *Delirium/prevention & control/drug therapy/epidemiology, *Melatonin/therapeutic use, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Reproducibility of Results, delirium prevention, hospitalized patients, meta-analysis, ramelteon, trial sequential analysis

A large-scale causal analysis of gut microbiota and delirium: A Mendelian randomization study Yu, H. Wan, X. Yang, M. Xie, J. Xu, K. Wang, J. Wang, G. Xu, P. J Affect Disord 2023

Humans, *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/genetics, Mendelian Randomization, Analysis, Causality, *Delirium/epidemiology/genetics, Genome-Wide Association Study, Causal correlation, Delirium, Gut microbiota, Large scale analysis, Mendelian randomization

Effectiveness of dexmedetomidine on postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients with fracture: A systematic review Zeng, T., Lv, J., Cui, Y., Li, X., F. Zhang, Q. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023

Aged, Humans, Cognition, *Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology,, *Delirium/epidemiology/etiology, *Dexmedetomidine/adverse effects, *Postoperative Cognitive Complications, Postoperative, Complications/epidemiology, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

Pharmacologic Interventions to Prevent Delirium in Trauma Patients: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Zitikyte, G. Roy, D. C. Tran, A. Fernando, S. M. Rosenberg, E. Kanji, S. Engels, P. T. Wells, G. A. & Vaillancourt, C. Crit Care Explor 2023

critical care, delirium, dexmedetomidine, propofol, systematic review, trauma, interest

A novel predictive model for postoperative delirium using multiple geriatric screening factors Yajima, S. Nakanishi, Y. Sugimoto, M. Kobayashi, S. Kudo, M. Yasujima, R. Hirose, K. Sekiya, K. Umino, Y. Okubo, N. Kataoka, M. Gotohda, N. Masuda, H. J Surg Oncol 2023

Mini-Cog
elderly patients
postoperative delirium
risk factors
urological surgery

The Effect of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry on Postoperative Delirium in Elderly Hip Fracture Patients in the General Hospital Xie, Q. Liu, X. B. Jing, G. W. Jiang, X. Liu, H. Zhong, B. L. Li, Y. Orthop Surg 2023

Humans
Aged
*Emergence Delirium
Prospective Studies
Hospitals, General
*Psychiatry
*Hip Fractures/complications/surgery
Referral and Consultation
confusion
delirium
hip fracture
psychiatry

Quantitative EEG signatures of delirium and coma in mechanically ventilated ICU patients Williams Roberson, S. Azeez, N. A. Fulton, J. N. Zhang, K. C. Lee, A. X. T. Ye, F. Pandharipande, P. Brummel, N. E. Patel, M. B. Ely, E. W. Clin Neurophysiol 2023

Humans
*Coma/diagnosis
*Delirium/diagnosis
Intensive Care Units
Respiration, Artificial
Electroencephalography
Critical care
Delirium
Encephalopathy
qEEG

Delirium in trauma ICUs: a review of incidence, risk factors, outcomes, and management Williams, E. C. Estime, S. Kuza, C. M. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2023
Cerebrospinal fluid quinolinic acid is strongly associated with delirium and mortality in hip-fracture patients Watne, L. O. Pollmann, C. T. Neerland, B. E. Quist-Paulsen, E. Halaas, N. B. Idland, A. V. Hassel, B. Henjum, K. Knapskog, A. B. Frihagen, F. Raeder, J. Godø, A. Ueland, P. M. McCann, A. Figved, W. Selbæk, G. Zetterberg, H. Fang, E. F. Myrstad, M. Giil, J Clin Invest 2023

Humans
Quinolinic Acid/cerebrospinal fluid
Acute Disease
*Hip Fractures/cerebrospinal fluid/complications/psychology
Kynurenine/metabolism
*Delirium/etiology/cerebrospinal fluid
Inflammation/complications
Dementia
Inflammation
Metabolism
Neurological disorders
Psychiatric diseases

Effect of perioperative benzodiazepine use on intraoperative awareness and postoperative delirium: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and observational studies Wang, E. Belley-Côté, E. P. Young, J. He, H. Saud, H. D'Aragon, F. Um, K. Alhazzani, W. Piticaru, J. Hedden, M. Whitlock, R. Mazer, C. D. Kashani, H. H. Zhang, S. Y. Lucas, A. Timmerman, N. Nishi, C. Jain, D. Kugler, A. Beaver, C. Kloppenburg, S. Schulm Br J Anaesth 2023

benzodiazepines
intraoperative awareness
meta-analysis
perioperative medicine
postoperative delirium
systematic review

Sustained adherence to a delirium guideline five years after implementation in an intensive care setting: A retrospective cohort study van Bochove-Waardenburg, M. van der Jagt, M. de Man-van Ginkel, J. Ista, E. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2023

Adherence
Critical care
Delirium
Guideline
Implementation
Intensive care unit

A survey of current practices in sedation, analgesia, withdrawal, and delirium management in paediatric cardiac ICUs Valentine, K. Cisco, M. J. Lasa, J. J. Achuff, B. J. Kudchadkar, S. R. Staveski, S. L. Cardiol Young 2023

Delirium
ICUs
analgesia
drug withdrawal
paediatric
sedation

Understanding the association between admission source and in-hospital delirium: A cross-sectional study Thomas, M. K. Heincelman, M. E. Zhang, J. Marsden, J. Dulin, J. Robbins, P. Hunt, K. Mauldin, P. Moran, W. P. Kalivas, B. J Investig Med 2023

Adult
Humans
Cross-Sectional Studies
*Hospitalization
Hospitals
Patient Transfer
Emergency Service, Hospital
*Delirium/epidemiology/diagnosis
Length of Stay
Cognition
Inpatients

Sevoflurane dose and postoperative delirium: a prospective cohort analysis Taylor, J. Payne, T. Casey, C. Kunkel, D. Parker, M. Rivera, C. Zetterberg, H. Blennow, K. Pearce, R. A. Lennertz, R. C. McCulloch, T. Gaskell, A. Sanders, R. D. Br J Anaesth 2023

Humans
Sevoflurane/adverse effects
*Emergence Delirium/epidemiology
*Anesthetics, Inhalation/adverse effects
Prospective Studies
Cohort Studies
anaesthesia
biomarker
cognitive dysfunction
delirium
dose dependency
postoperative
sevoflurane
surgery

Efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation on postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing lower limb major arthroplasty: A randomized controlled trial Tao, M. Zhang, S. Han, Y. Li, C. Wei, Q. Chen, D. Zhao, Q. Yang, J. Liu, R. Fang, J. Li, X. Zhang, H. Liu, H. Cao, J. L. Brain Stimul 2023

Lower limb major arthroplasty
Postoperative delirium
Postoperative pain
Total hip arthroplasty
Total knee arthroplasty
Transcranial direct current stimulation

Medical and economic burden of delirium on hospitalization outcomes of acute respiratory failure: A retrospective national cohort Taha, A. Xu, H. Ahmed, R. Karim, A. Meunier, J. Paul, A. Jawad, A. Patel, M. L. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023

Humans
Retrospective Studies
*Financial Stress
Hospitalization
Length of Stay
Intensive Care Units
*Respiratory Insufficiency/therapy

Poor prognostic impact of delirium: especially on mortality and institutionalisation Tachibana, M. Inada, T. Psychogeriatrics 2023

Humans
Aged
*Delirium/diagnosis/etiology
Prognosis
*covid-19
Institutionalization
Covid-19
age
delirium

Processed electroencephalography-guided general anaesthesia to reduce postoperative delirium: a systematic review and meta-analysis Sumner, M. Deng, C. Evered, L. Frampton, C. Leslie, K. Short, T. Campbell, D. Br J Anaesth 2023

Humans
Aged
*Emergence Delirium/epidemiology/prevention & control
Anesthesia, General/adverse effects
Postoperative Complications/prevention & control
Electroencephalography
Eeg
bispectral index
postoperative delirium
postoperative neurocognitive disorders
processed EEG
processed electroencephalography

Expanding options to include language barriers for predicting postoperative delirium in geriatric patients Streetman, D. Hagley, A. Shalom, M. Gendreau, J. L. J Am Geriatr Soc 2023

Humans
Aged
*Emergence Delirium
*Delirium/diagnosis
Length of Stay
Communication Barriers
Postoperative Complications/diagnosis
Geriatric Assessment
Risk Factors

Comparison of logistic regression and machine learning methods for predicting postoperative delirium in elderly patients: A retrospective study Song, Y. X. Yang, X. D. Luo, Y. G. Ouyang, C. L. Yu, Y. Ma, Y. L. Li, H. Lou, J. S. Liu, Y. H. Chen, Y. Q. Cao, J. B. Mi, W. D. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023

Humans
Aged
Retrospective Studies
*Emergence Delirium
Logistic Models
ROC Curve
Machine Learning
delirium
nomograms
risk assessment

Effects of anti-ulcer drugs on delirium in trauma patients Sogawa, R. Matsuoka, A. Murakawa-Hirachi, T. Kikkawa, N. Kamo, M. Tobita, S. Shinada, K. Mizoguchi, Y. Monji, A. Sakamoto, Y. Shimanoe, C. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2023

Humans
*Anti-Ulcer Agents
Histamine H2 Antagonists/adverse effects
Proton Pump Inhibitors/adverse effects
Hospitalization
*Delirium/epidemiology/chemically induced
Delirium
Histamine-2 receptor antagonist
Proton pump inhibitor

Delirium superimposed on dementia in post-acute care: Nurse documentation of symptoms and interventions Sillner, A. Y. Berish, D. Mailhot, T. Sweeder, L. Fick, D. M. Kolanowski, A. M. Geriatr Nurs 2023

Humans
Aged
*Dementia/complications
*Delirium/diagnosis
Subacute Care
*Nursing Care
Documentation
Delirium
Delirium Superimposed on Dementia
Dementia
Nurse Documentation
Nurse Intervention

Postoperative Delirium after Dexmedetomidine versus Propofol Sedation in Healthy Older Adults Undergoing Orthopedic Lower Limb Surgery with Spinal Anesthesia: A Randomized Controlled Trial Shin, H. J. Woo Nam, S. Kim, H. Yim, S. Han, S. H. Hwang, J. W. Do, S. H. Na, H. S. Anesthesiology 2023

Humans
Aged
*Propofol/adverse effects
*Dexmedetomidine/adverse effects
*Emergence Delirium/chemically induced
*Anesthesia, Spinal/adverse effects
*Delirium/chemically induced/epidemiology
Hypnotics and Sedatives/adverse effects
Lower Extremity/surgery

Preoperative characterization of baseline EEG recordings for risk stratification of post-anesthesia care unit delirium Schüßler, J. Ostertag, J. Georgii, M. T. Fleischmann, A. Schneider, G. Pilge, S. Kreuzer, M. J Clin Anesth 2023

Anesthesia
Baseline EEG recording
Cognitive assessment
Neuromonitoring
Pacu-d
Perioperative medicine

Certified Nursing Assistants' Perspectives on Delirium Care Sabbe, K. Aerts, N. van der Mast, R. Van Rompaey, B. J Gerontol Nurs 2023

Humans
Nursing Homes
Emotions
Qualitative Research
*Nursing Assistants/psychology
*Delirium

Neurophysiologic predictors of individual risk for post-operative delirium after elective surgery Ross, J. M. Santarnecchi, E. Lian, S. J. Fong, T. G. Touroutoglou, A. Cavallari, M. Travison, T. G. Marcantonio, E. R. Libermann, T. A. Schmitt, E. M. Inouye, S. K. Shafi, M. M. Pascual-Leone, A. J Am Geriatr Soc 2023

Humans
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
*Emergence Delirium
*Delirium/diagnosis/etiology
Pilot Projects
*Cognitive Dysfunction/diagnosis/etiology
Elective Surgical Procedures/adverse effects
Electroencephalography
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
connectivity
delirium
plasticity
transcranial magnetic stimulation

Nighttime dexmedetomidine for delirium prevention in non-mechanically ventilated patients after cardiac surgery (MINDDS): A single-centre, parallel-arm, randomised, placebo-controlled superiority trial Qu, J. Z. Mueller, A. McKay, T. B. Westover, M. B. Shelton, K. T. Shaefi, S. D'Alessandro, D. A. Berra, L. Brown, E. N. Houle, T. T. Akeju, O. EClinicalMedicine 2023

Cardiac surgery
Delirium
Dexmedetomidine
Neurocognition
Sleep

Effect of seasons on delirium in postoperative critically ill patients: a retrospective analysis Qiu, Y. Rivas, E. Tanios, M. Sreedharan, R. Mao, G. Ince, I. Salih, A. Saab, R. Devarajan, J. Ruetzler, K. Turan, A. Braz J Anesthesiol 2023

Adult
Humans
Retrospective Studies
Seasons
*Delirium/epidemiology/etiology
*Emergence Delirium
Critical Illness
Intensive Care Units
Postoperative delirium
Seasonal
Surgical Intensive care unit

Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation combined with an integrated perioperative nursing program prevents subsyndromal delirium in older patients after joint replacement Qian, J. He, M. Zhan, X. Ren, L. Sun, Q. Geriatr Nurs 2023

Humans
Aged
Acupuncture Points
Perioperative Nursing
*Arthroplasty, Replacement
*Delirium/prevention & control
Delirium
Joint replacement
Nursing
Older patients
Subsyndromal delirium
Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation

Web-Based Delirium Prevention Application for Long-Term Care Facilities Park, M. Moon, K. J. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2023

Delirium
long-term care
machine learning
predictive model
prevention

The effect of all-cause hospitalization on cognitive decline in older adults: a longitudinal study using databases of the National Health Insurance Service and the memory clinics of a self-run hospital Park, D. Kim, H. S. Kim, J. H. BMC Geriatr 2023

Humans
Aged
Longitudinal Studies
Activities of Daily Living
Retrospective Studies
*Cognitive Dysfunction/diagnosis/epidemiology/therapy
National Health Programs
*Delirium
Cognitive dysfunction
Hospitalization

Investigating nurses' knowledge and attitudes about delirium in older persons: a cross-sectional study Papaioannou, M. Papastavrou, E. Kouta, C. Tsangari, H. Merkouris, A. BMC Nurs 2023

Acute confusion
Attitudes
Delirium
Knowledge
Nurse

Risk factors and consequences of post-esophagectomy delirium: a systematic review and meta-analysis Papaconstantinou, D. Frountzas, M. Ruurda, J. P. Mantziari, S. Tsilimigras, D. I. Koliakos, N. Tsivgoulis, G. Schizas, D. Dis Esophagus 2023

anastomotic leakage
complications
esophageal cancer surgery
meta-analysis

Natural Language Processing CAM Algorithm Improves Delirium Detection Compared With Conventional Methods Pagali, S. R. Kumar, R. Fu, S. Sohn, S. Yousufuddin, M. Am J Med Qual 2023

Humans
*Delirium/diagnosis/epidemiology
Retrospective Studies
Artificial Intelligence
Natural Language Processing
*COVID-19/diagnosis
Algorithms

Predisposing and Precipitating Factors Associated With Delirium: A Systematic Review Ormseth, C. H. LaHue, S. C. Oldham, M. A. Josephson, S. A. Whitaker, E. Douglas, V. C. JAMA Netw Open 2023

Adult
Humans
Male
Female
Disease Susceptibility
*Delirium/epidemiology/etiology
Precipitating Factors
Prospective Studies
Case-Control Studies

Prevalence of pre-operative undiagnosed cognitive impairment and its association with handgrip strength, oral hygiene, and nutritional status in older elective surgical patients in Japan Nakatani, S. Ida, M. Uyama, K. Kinugasa, Y. Kawaguchi, M. J Anesth 2023

Humans
Aged
Nutritional Status
Hand Strength
*Frailty
Prevalence
Japan
Oral Hygiene
*Cognitive Dysfunction
Cognitive dysfunction
Delirium
Oral health

Preoperative anxiety as an independent predictor of postoperative delirium in older patients undergoing elective surgery for lumbar disc herniation Mou, Q. Gao, M. Liu, X. Wei, C. Lan, G. Zhao, X. Shan, Y. Wu, C. Aging Clin Exp Res 2023

Humans
Aged
*Intervertebral Disc Displacement/complications/surgery/epidemiology
*Emergence Delirium
Lumbar Vertebrae/surgery
Anxiety
Postoperative Complications/epidemiology/etiology
Risk Factors
Elective surgery
Lumbar disc herniation
Older
Postoperative delirium

Tracheostomy Is Associated With a Decrease in Delirium and Sedation for Intubated COVID-19 Patients Morton, C. Pisani, M. Doyle, M. Puchalski, J J Bronchology Interv Pulmonol 2023

Humans
Retrospective Studies
Tracheostomy
Respiration, Artificial
*Delirium/epidemiology
*covid-19
Hypnotics and Sedatives/therapeutic use
Benzodiazepines/therapeutic use
Intensive Care Units
Analgesics, Opioid

Characterising the prodromal phase in dementia with Lewy bodies Mellergaard, C. Waldemar, G. Vogel, A. Frederiksen, K. S. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2023

Humans
*Lewy Body Disease/complications/diagnosis
Retrospective Studies
*Alzheimer Disease
*Parkinson Disease
*Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology
Prodromal Symptoms
*Delirium

Mobilisation in the EveNing to TreAt deLirium (MENTAL): protocol for a mixed-methods feasibility randomised controlled trial McWilliams, D. King, E. Nydahl, P. Darbyshire, J. L. Gallie, L. Barghouthy, D. Bassford, C. Gustafson, O. BMJ Open 2023

Humans
Feasibility Studies
*Delirium/therapy/etiology
Physical Therapy Modalities
Intensive Care Units
Critical Care/methods
Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Delirium & cognitive disorders
Intensive & critical care
Rehabilitation medicine
Sleep medicine

Could a Tailored Exercise Intervention for Hospitalised Older Adults Have a Role in the Resolution of Delirium? Secondary Analysis of a Randomised Clinical Trial Martinez Velilla, N. Lozano-Vicario, L. Sáez de Asteasu, M. L. Zambom-Ferraresi, F. Galbete, A. Sanchez-Latorre, M. Izquierdo, M. J Frailty Aging 2023

Humans
Aged
*Hospitalization
Exercise
Exercise Therapy
*Delirium/prevention & control
Delirium
geriatric
hospital

Dexmedetomidine for the prevention of delirium in adults admitted to the intensive care unit or postoperative care unit: a systematic review of randomised clinical trials with meta-analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis Maagaard, M. Barbateskovic, M. Andersen-Ranberg, N. C. Kronborg, J. R. Chen, Y. X. Xi, H. H. Perner, A. Wetterslev, J. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2023

Dexmedetomidine
delirium
intensive care unit
meta-analysis
postoperative
systematic review

High ASA Physical Status and Low Serum Uric Acid to Creatinine Ratio are Independent Risk Factors for Postoperative Delirium Among Older Adults Undergoing Urinary Calculi Surgery Liu, J. Li, J. Gao, D. Wang, J. Liu, M. Yu, D. Clin Interv Aging 2023

Humans
Aged
*Emergence Delirium
Uric Acid
*Delirium/epidemiology/etiology/prevention & control
Creatinine
Retrospective Studies
Postoperative Complications/etiology
Risk Factors
*Urinary Calculi/surgery/complications
ASA physical status
older adults
postoperative delirium
risk stratification score
serum uric acid to creatinine ratio
urinary calculi surgery

Dexmedetomidine administration during brain tumour resection for prevention of postoperative delirium: a randomised trial Li, S. Li, R. Li, M. Cui, Q. Zhang, X. Ma, T. Wang, D. Zeng, M. Li, H. Bao, Z. Peng, Y. Sessler, D. I. Br J Anaesth 2023

Humans
*Emergence Delirium
*Dexmedetomidine/therapeutic use
*Delirium/etiology
Pain, Postoperative/prevention & control/drug therapy
*Brain Neoplasms/surgery
Double-Blind Method
brain tumour resection
confusion assessment method
delirium
dexmedetomidine
randomised trial

Effect of a repeated verbal reminder of orientation on emergence agitation after general anaesthesia for minimally invasive abdominal surgery: a randomised controlled trial Lee, S. Sohn, J. Y. Hwang, I. E. Lee, H. J. Yoon, S. Bahk, J. H. Kim, B. R. Br J Anaesth 2023

delirium
emergence agitation
general anaesthesia
recovery from anaesthesia
safety

A pilot study testing the iOS UB-CAM delirium app Kuzmik, A. Hannan, J. Boltz, M. Shrestha, P. Husser, E. K. Fick, D. M. Marcantonio, E. R. J Am Geriatr Soc 2023
Use of a nursing-led geriatrics consult service to deliver age-friendly care Kuntz, A. A. Stumm, E. K. Anderson, T. C. Ibarra, S. J. Markart, M. R. Haske-Palomino, M. Geriatr Nurs 2023

Acute care
Advance care planning
Age friendly care
Delirium
Geriatrics
Quality improvement

Relationship between body mass index and risk of delirium in an intensive care unit Ko, Y. Kim, H. E. Park, J. Y. Kim, J. J. Cho, J. Oh, J. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2023

Body mass index
Delirium
Encephalopathy
Intensive care unit
Obesity
Overweight
Underweight

Occurrence of Postoperative Delirium and the Use of Different Assessment Tools Kirfel, A. Jossen, D. Menzenbach, J. Mayr, A. Wittmann, M. Geriatrics (Basel) 2023

comparison of postoperative delirium assessments
delirium occurrence postoperatively
postoperative delirium

Association of C-reactive protein to albumin ratio with postoperative delirium and mortality in elderly patients undergoing hip fracture surgery: A retrospective cohort study in a single large center Kim, H. J. Lee, S. Kim, S. H. Lee, S. Sim, J. H. Ro, Y. J. Exp Gerontol 2023

Aged
Humans
Albumins
C-Reactive Protein
*Emergence Delirium/complications
*Hip Fractures/complications
Postoperative Complications/epidemiology/etiology
Retrospective Studies
Risk Factors
Albumin
Delirium
Hip fracture
Prognosis
declare.

Relationship Among Clinically Obtained Biomarkers of Inflammation, Hypercoagulability, and Macrophage Activation, and Delirium in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19 Khan, S. H. Perkins, A. J. Chi, R. Seyffert, S. Conrad, P. Lindroth, H. Wang, S. Mulkey, M. Gao, S. Khan, B. Crit Care Explor 2023

Covid-19
biomarkers
coma
critical care
delirium
delirium severity

Lower Preoperative Verbal Memory Performance Is Associated with Delirium after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: A Prospective Cohort Study Kaźmierski, J. Miler, P. Pawlak, A. Woźniak, J. Frankowska, E. Nowakowska, K. Kuchta, K. Pazdrak, M. Woźniak, K. Magierski, R. Krejca, M. Wilczyński, M. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2023

Humans
Female
Middle Aged
Aged
Prospective Studies
*Delirium/diagnosis/etiology/psychology
*Emergence Delirium/complications
Neuropsychological Tests
Postoperative Complications/etiology/diagnosis/psychology
Coronary Artery Bypass/adverse effects
Cognition
Risk Factors
Cardiovascular disease
Cognitive impairment
Coronary artery bypass grafting
Delirium
Verbal memory

Postoperative Delirium After Intracranial Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study Kappen, P. R. Kappen, H. J. Dirven, C. M. F. Klimek, M. Jeekel, J. Andrinopoulou, E. R. Osse, R. J. Vincent, Ajpe World Neurosurg 2023

Health outcomes
Impact
Neurosurgery
Pod
Prediction model
Risk factors

Actigraphy-based sleep and activity measurements in intensive care unit patients randomized to ramelteon or placebo for delirium prevention Jaiswal, S. J. Bagsic, S. R. S. Takata, E. Kamdar, B. B. Ancoli-Israel, S. Owens, R. L. Sci Rep 2023

Humans
*Actigraphy
Sleep
Circadian Rhythm
*Delirium/drug therapy/prevention & control
Intensive Care Units

Visualizing how to use antipsychotics for agitated delirium in the last days of life Imai, K. Morita, T. Mori, M. Kikuchi, D. Yokomichi, N. Miwa, S. Okamoto, S. I. Yamauchi, T. Naito, A. S. D. Matsuda, Y. Maeda, I. Sugano, K. Inanga, M. Inoue, S. Satomi, E. J Pain Symptom Manage 2023

antipsychotics
chlorpromazine
haloperidol
levomepromazine
terminal agitated delirium
treatment algorithm

Is postoperative delirium an independent risk factor for poorer quality of life with long-term cognitive and functional decline after cardiac surgery? Hu, F. H. Chen, H. L. J Clin Anesth 2023
Diagnostic accuracy of the 4AT for delirium: A systematic review and meta-analysis Hou, L. Zhang, Q. Cao, L. Chen, M. Wang, Q. Li, Y. Li, S. Ge, L. Yang, K. Asian J Psychiatr 2023

Humans
Aged
Sensitivity and Specificity
*Delirium/diagnosis
4at
Delirium
Diagnostic
Geriatrics
Meta-analysis

Several reasons why ketamine as a neuroplastic agent may have failed to prevent postoperative delirium: Implications for future protocols Horacek, J. Janda, R. Görnerova, N. Jajcay, L. Andrashko, V. Neurosci Lett 2023

Anesthesia
Benzodiazepines
Ketamine
Neuroplastic
Neuroprotective
Pharmacological interaction
Postoperative delirium

Evaluation of Education and Patient Screening for Delirium Among Patients With Stroke: Knowledge, Confidence, and Patient Outcomes Herrera, E. Rutherford, W. Plume, T. Fields, W. Mollon, D. J Contin Educ Nurs 2023

Humans
Intensive Care Units
*Delirium/diagnosis
Patients
*Stroke/complications/diagnosis
Educational Status
*Cross Infection