What is the Delirium Bibliography? The searchable Delirium Bibliography page is one of our most popular features, allowing you to quickly gain access to the literature on delirium and acute care of older persons. It is primarily intended for clinicians and researchers interested in exploring these topics. The NIDUS team keeps it updated for you on a monthly basis!
How to Search for Articles: Search by author, title, year, and/or keywords. Each article is indexed by keywords taken from MEDLINE and other relevant databases. Click on the title of the article to read the abstract, journal, etc.
Reference Information
- Title
- Exercise for acutely hospitalised older medical patients
- Authors
- Hartley, P. Keating, J. L. Jeffs, K. J. Raymond, M. J. Smith, T. O
- Year
- 2022
- Journal
- Cochrane Database Syst Rev
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: Approximately 30% of hospitalised older adults experience hospital-associated functional decline. Exercise interventions that promote in-hospital activity may prevent deconditioning and thereby maintain physical function during hospitalisation. This is an update of a Cochrane Review first published in 2007. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the benefits and harms of exercise interventions for acutely hospitalised older medical inpatients on functional ability, quality of life (QoL), participant global assessment of success and adverse events compared to usual care or a sham-control intervention. SEARCH METHODS: We used standard, extensive Cochrane search methods. The latest search date was May 2021. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials evaluating an in-hospital exercise intervention in people aged 65 years or older admitted to hospital with a general medical condition. We excluded people admitted for elective reasons or surgery. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We used standard Cochrane methods. Our major outcomes were 1. independence with activities of daily living; 2. functional mobility; 3. new incidence of delirium during hospitalisation; 4. QoL; 5. number of falls during hospitalisation; 6. medical deterioration during hospitalisation and 7. participant global assessment of success. Our minor outcomes were 8. death during hospitalisation; 9. musculoskeletal injuries during hospitalisation; 10. hospital length of stay; 11. new institutionalisation at hospital discharge; 12. hospital readmission and 13. walking performance. We used GRADE to assess certainty of evidence for each major outcome. We categorised exercise interventions as: rehabilitation-related activities (interventions designed to increase physical activity or functional recovery, but did not follow a specified exercise protocol); structured exercise (interventions that included an exercise intervention protocol but did not include progressive resistance training); and progressive resistance exercise (interventions that included an element of progressive resistance training). MAIN RESULTS: We included 24 studies (nine rehabilitation-related activity interventions, six structured exercise interventions and nine progressive resistance exercise interventions) with 7511 participants. All studies compared exercise interventions to usual care; two studies, in addition to usual care, used sham interventions. Mean ages ranged from 73 to 88 years, and 58% of participants were women. Several studies were at high risk of bias. The most common domain assessed at high risk of bias was measurement of the outcome, and five studies (21%) were at high risk of bias arising from the randomisation process. Exercise may have no clinically important effect on independence in activities of daily living at discharge from hospital compared to controls (16 studies, 5174 participants; low-certainty evidence). Five studies used the Barthel Index (scale: 0 to 100, higher scores representing greater independence). Mean scores at discharge in the control groups ranged from 42 to 96 points, and independence in activities of daily living was 1.8 points better (0.43 worse to 4.12 better) with exercise compared to controls. The minimally clinical important difference (MCID) is estimated to be 11 points. We are uncertain regarding the effect of exercise on functional mobility at discharge from the hospital compared to controls (8 studies, 2369 participants; very low-certainty evidence). Three studies used the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) (scale: 0 to 12, higher scores representing better function) to measure functional mobility. Mean scores at discharge in the control groups ranged from 3.7 to 4.9 points on the SPPB, and the estimated effect of the exercise interventions was 0.78 points better (0.02 worse to 1.57 better). A change of 1 point on the SPPB represents an MCID. We are uncertain regarding the effect of exercise on the incidence of delirium during hospitalisation compared to controls (7 trials, 2088 participants; very low-certainty evidence). The incidence of delirium during hospitalisation was 88/1091 (81 per 1000) in the control group compared with 70/997 (73 per 1000; range 47 to 114) in the exercise group (RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.58 to 1.41). Exercise interventions may result in a small clinically unimportant improvement in QoL at discharge from the hospital compared to controls (4 studies, 875 participants; low-certainty evidence). Mean QoL on the EuroQol 5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) visual analogue scale (VAS) (scale: 0 to 100, higher scores representing better QoL) ranged between 48.9 and 64.7 in the control group at discharge from the hospital, and QoL was 6.04 points better (0.9 better to 11.18 better) with exercise. A change of 10 points on the EQ-5D VAS represents an MCID. No studies measured participant global assessment of success. Exercise interventions did not affect the risk of falls during hospitalisation (moderate-certainty evidence). The incidence of falls was 31/899 (34 per 1000) in the control group compared with 31/888 (34 per 1000; range 20 to 57) in the exercise group (RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.59 to 1.65). We are uncertain regarding the effect of exercise on the incidence of medical deterioration during hospitalisation (very low-certainty evidence). The incidence of medical deterioration in the control group was 101/1417 (71 per 1000) compared with 96/1313 (73 per 1000; range 44 to 120) in the exercise group (RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.62 to 1.68). Subgroup analyses by different intervention categories and by the use of a sham intervention were not meaningfully different from the main analyses. AUTHORS’ CONCLUSIONS: Exercise may make little difference to independence in activities of daily living or QoL, but probably does not result in more falls in older medical inpatients. We are uncertain about the effect of exercise on functional mobility, incidence of delirium and medical deterioration. Certainty of evidence was limited by risk of bias and inconsistency. Future primary research on the effect of exercise on acute hospitalisation could focus on more consistent and uniform reporting of participant’s characteristics including their baseline level of functional ability, as well as exercise dose, intensity and adherence that may provide an insight into the reasons for the observed inconsistencies in findings.
- PMID
- Keywords
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Female
Humans
Male
Activities of Daily Living
*Delirium/epidemiology
Exercise
*Quality of Life
- Page(s)
- Volume
- Issue
| Title | Authors | Journal | Year | Keywords |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Incidence of Postoperative Delirium in Cancer Patients After Head and Neck Surgery: A Proportional Meta-analysis | Ho, M. H. Li, P. W. C. Lin, Y. K. Lee, J. J. Lin, C. C. | Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg | 2023 |
cancer, delirium, head and neck cancer, incidence, postoperative, proportional Meta-analysis |
| Triglyceride-glucose index as a valuable predictor for aged 65-years and above in critical delirium patients: evidence from a multi-center study | Huang, X. Cheng, H. Yuan, S. Ling, Y. Tan, S. Tang, Y. Niu, C. Lyu, J. | BMC Geriatr | 2023 |
Humans |
| Reliability and Validity of the Spanish Adaptation of the Stanford Proxy Test for Delirium in 2 Clinical Spanish-Speaking Communities | Infante, S. Behn, A. González, M. Pintor, L. Franco, E. Araya, P. Maldonado, J. R. | J Acad Consult Liaison Psychiatry | 2023 |
Stanford proxy test for delirium, confusion assessment method, delirium, delirium and COVID, factor analysis |
| Association between preoperative neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, uric acid, and postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing degenerative spine surgery | Kato, K. Kinoshita, H. Kumagai, G. Takekawa, D. Nitobe, Y. Asari, T. Wada, K. Kushikata, T. Ishibashi, Y. Hirota, K. | J Anesth | 2023 |
Neuroprotection, Neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio, Postoperative delirium, Spine surgery, Uric acid |
| Preoperative assessment of postoperative delirium: a cross-sectional study of patients and anesthesiologists in Canada | Khaled, M. Youssef, N. Choi, S. Uppal, V. Chui, J. Marcucci, M. Madden, K. Shanthanna, H. | Can J Anaesth | 2023 |
Humans |
| Resting-state prefrontal EEG biomarker in correlation with postoperative delirium in elderly patients | Kim, J. Park, S. Kim, K. N. Ha, Y. Shin, S. J. Cha, W. Lee, K. Y. Choi, J. Koo, B. N. | Front Aging Neurosci | 2023 |
elderly, electroencephalography, median dominant frequency, postoperative complications, postoperative delirium |
| Risk of delirium with antiepileptic drug use: a study based on the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database | Kubo, T. Sogawa, R. Tsuruhashi, S. Murakawa-Hirachi, T. Matsuoka, A. Mizoguchi, Y. Monji, A. Shimanoe, C. | Int J Clin Pharm | 2023 |
Humans |
| Optimizing delirium care in the era of Age-Friendly Health System | Kwak, M. J. Inouye, S. K. Fick, D. M. Bonner, A. Fulmer, T. Carter, E. Tabbush, V. Maya, K. Reed, N. Waszynski, C. Oh, E. S. | J Am Geriatr Soc | 2023 |
Age-Friendly Health System, Hospital Elder Life Program, delirium |
| Risk factors for hyperactive delirium after laparoscopic radical gastrectomy under general anesthesia in patients with gastric cancer | Liu, J. Zhong, Q. Tan, H. Zhuo, M. Zhong, M. Cai, T. | Am J Transl Res | 2023 |
Laparoscopic radical gastrectomy, general anesthesia, hyperactive delirium, risk factors |
| Risk factors associated with postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing hip surgery | Liu, X. H. Zhang, Q. F. Liu, Y. Lu, Q. W. Wu, J. H. Gao, X. H. Chen, Z. Y. | Front Psychiatry | 2023 |
Pacu |
| The influence of delirium on mortality and length of ICU stay and analysis of risk factors for delirium after liver transplantation | Ma, Y. Li, C. Peng, W. Wan, Q. | ATS Sch | 2023 |
ICU stay |
| Hyperactive delirium during emergency department stay: analysis of risk factors and association with short-term outcomes | Miró, Ò Osorio, G. Alquézar-Arbé, A. Aguiló, S. Fernández, C. Burillo, G. Jacob, J. Llorens, P. Llauger, L. Peláez González, Á Figuera Castro, E. R. Juarez González, R. Blanco Hoffman, M. J. Fernandez Salgado, F. Pablos Pizarro, T. Berenguer Dí | Intern Emerg Med | 2023 |
Benzodiazepines, Delirium, Emergency department, Mortality, Neuroleptics, Outcome |
| Delirium and neuropsychological recovery among emergency general surgery survivors (DANE): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial and collaborative care intervention | Mohanty, S. Holler, E. Ortiz, D. Meagher, A. Perkins, A. Bylund, P. Khan, B. Unverzagt, F. Xu, H. Ingraham, A. Boustani, M. Zarzaur, B. | Trials | 2023 |
Humans |
| A randomized, clinical trial investigating the use of a digital intervention to reduce delirium-associated agitation | Nicholas, M. Wittmann, J. Norena, M. Ornowska, M. Reynolds, S. | NPJ Digit Med | 2023 |
delirium, agitation, digital, RASS |
| Cognitive Deficits in Executive and Language Functions Predict Postoperative Delirium | Olotu, C. Lebherz, L. Ascone, L. Scherwath, A. Kühn, S. Härter, M. Kiefmann, R. | J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth | 2023 |
Humans |
| Development of post-anesthesia care unit delirium is associated with differences in aperiodic and periodic alpha parameters of the EEG during emergence from general anesthesia - results from a prospective observational cohort study | Ostertag, J. Engelhard, A. Nuttall, R. Aydin, D. Schneider, G. García, P. S. Hinzmann, D. Sleigh, J. W. Kratzer, S. Kreuzer, M. | Anesthesiology | 2023 |
PACU, delirium, EEG, hypnosis, alpha |
| Subsyndromal Delirium in Critically Ill Patients-Cognitive and Functional Long-Term Outcomes | Paulino, M. C. Conceição, C. Silvestre, J. Lopes, M. I. Gonçalves, H. Dias, C. C. Serafim, R. Salluh, J. I. F. Póvoa, P. | J Clin Med | 2023 |
Icu, cognitive dysfunction delirium, long-term outcome, subsyndromal delirium |
| Prevalence of delirium in gastroenterology/hepatology units: A cross-sectional study | Pazouki, R. Hasselblatt, P. Kugler, C. | Z Gastroenterol | 2023 |
Humans |
| Grip Strength is a Predictor for Subsyndromal Delirium Among Older Adults Following Joint Replacement | Qian, J. Shen, X. Gao, X. Sun, Q. | Clin Interv Aging | 2023 |
Aged |
| Prevalence and Risk Factors of Delirium in Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Units: A Multicentric Cross-Sectional Study | Sadaf, F. Saqib, M. Iftikhar, M. Ahmad, A. | Cureus | 2023 |
critical illness, delirium, intensive care units, pakistan, prevalence |
| Perioperative Factors Associated With Postoperative Delirium in Patients Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery: An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis | Sadeghirad, B. Dodsworth, B. T. Schmutz Gelsomino, N. Goettel, N. Spence, J. Buchan, T. A. Crandon, H. N. Baneshi, M. R. Pol, R. A. Brattinga, B. Park, U. J. Terashima, M. Banning, L. B. D. Van Leeuwen, B. L. Neerland, B. E. Chuan, A. Martinez, F. T. Van | JAMA Netw Open | 2023 |
Adult |
| Thirty-day mortality among patients with acute delirium in the emergency department | Sanguanwit, P. Ninlamal, S. Prachanukool, T. | Heliyon | 2023 |
30-Day mortality, Delirium, Emergency department, Older-patients |
| Role of hypoxia-inducible factor in postoperative delirium of aged patients: A review | Shen, H. Yang, J. Chen, X. Gao, Y. He, B. | Medicine (Baltimore) | 2023 |
Infant, Newborn, Humans, Aged, *Emergence Delirium, Transcription Factors/metabolism, Hypoxia, Ischemia, *Anesthetics, Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit |
| The efficacy of earplugs and eye masks for delirium severity and sleep quality in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting in cardiac intensive care units: A single-blind, randomised controlled trial | Shorofi, S. A. Dadashian, P. Arbon, P. Moosazadeh, M. | Aust Crit Care | 2023 |
Coronary artery bypass grafting, Delirium, Earplugs, Eye masks, ICU psychosis, Sleep quality |
| Efficacy of haloperidol to decrease the burden of delirium in adult critically ill patients: the EuRIDICE randomized clinical trial | Smit, L. Slooter, A. J. C. Devlin, J. W. Trogrlic, Z. Hunfeld, N. G. M. Osse, R. J. Ponssen, H. H. Brouwers, Ajbw Schoonderbeek, J. F. Simons, K. S. van den Boogaard, M. Lens, J. A. Boer, D. P. Gommers, Dampj Rietdijk, W. J. R. van der Jagt, M. | Crit Care | 2023 |
Adult |
| Efficacy of haloperidol to decrease the burden of delirium in adult critically ill patients: the EuRIDICE randomized clinical trial | Smit, L. Slooter, A. J. C. Devlin, J. W. Trogrlic, Z. Hunfeld, N. G. M. Osse, R. J. Ponssen, H. H. Brouwers, Ajbw Schoonderbeek, J. F. Simons, K. S. van den Boogaard, M. Lens, J. A. Boer, D. P. Gommers, Dampj Rietdijk, W. J. R. van der Jagt, M. | Crit Care | 2023 |
Adult |
| Effectiveness of a Multi-component Delirium Prevention Program Implemented on General Medicine Hospital Units: an Interrupted Time Series Analysis | Versloot, J. Minotti, S. C. Amer, S. Ali, A. Ma, J. Peters, M. L. Saab, H. Tang, T. Kerr, J. Reid, R. | J Gen Intern Med | 2023 |
Adult, Humans, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Interrupted Time Series Analysis, Retrospective Studies, *Delirium/diagnosis/epidemiology/prevention & control, Hospitals, Community, Ontario, Hospital Units, delirium prevention, delirium program, inpatients, internal medicine |
| Delirium During Critical Illness and Subsequent Change of Treatment in Patients With Cancer: A Mediation Analysis | Vizzacchi, B. A. Dettino, A. L. A. Besen, Bamp Caruso, P. Nassar, A. P., Jr. | Crit Care Med | 2023 |
IUC, delirium, cohort, cancer, CAM |
| Efficacy and moderators of prevention and treatment of delirium with melatonin receptor agonists: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials | Wada, M. Yasuda, H. Nakajima, S. Etani, T. Miura, A. Asada, S. Yoshida, K. Noda, Y. Takeuchi, H. | Gen Hosp Psychiatry | 2023 |
Delirium |
| Intraoperative body temperature and emergence delirium in elderly patients after non-cardiac surgery: A secondary analysis of a prospective observational study | Wang, G. He, S. Yu, M. Zhang, Y. Mu, D. Wang, D. | Chin Med J (Engl) | 2023 |
Humans |
| Relationship between preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and postoperative delirium: The PNDABLE and the PNDRFAP cohort studies | Wu, X. Chi, F. Wang, B. Liu, S. Wang, F. Wang, J. Tang, X. Bi, Y. Lin, X. Li, J. | Brain Behav | 2023 |
Alzheimer-related biomarkers |
| Risk Factors for Delirium Superimposed on Dementia in Elderly Patients in Comprehensive Ward | Xiao, Q. Zhang, S. Li, C. Zhu, Y. | Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen | 2023 |
Humans |
| Effect of postoperative delirium after cardiovascular surgery on 5-year mortality | Yokoyama, C. Yoshitnai, K. Ogata, S. Fukushima, S. Matsuda, H. | JA Clin Rep | 2023 |
5-year mortality, Cardiopulmonary bypass, Cardiovascular surgery, Postoperative delirium |
| Association Between the Use of Midazolam During Cardiac Anesthesia and the Incidence of Postoperative Delirium: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using a Nationwide Database | Yoshimura, M. Hidaka, Y. Morimoto, Y. | J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth | 2023 |
Humans, *Emergence Delirium/epidemiology, Midazolam/adverse effects, Retrospective Studies, Incidence, Postoperative Nausea and, Vomiting/chemically induced/epidemiology, *Anesthesia, Cardiac Procedures, Postoperative, Complications/chemically induced/epidemiology, Diagnosis Procedure, Combination data, cardiac surgery, midazolam, postoperative delirium, stabilized inverse probability of treatment |
| Associations of Delirium to Posthospital Outcomes After Acute Stroke: A Scoping Review | Young, B. C. Rhoten, B. A. | J Neurosci Nurs | 2023 |
Adult, Humans, Adolescent, *Dexmedetomidine/therapeutic use, Palliative Care, *Pain, Intractable/drug therapy/chemically induced, Hypnotics and, Sedatives/therapeutic use, Retrospective Studies, *Delirium/drug therapy, Intensive Care Units |
| Dexmedetomidine use for patients in palliative care with intractable pain and delirium: A retrospective study | Yu, S. Y. Schellenberg, J. Alleyne, A. | PLoS One | 2023 |
Adult, Humans, Adolescent, *Dexmedetomidine/therapeutic use, Palliative Care, *Pain, Intractable/drug therapy/chemically induced, Hypnotics and, Sedatives/therapeutic use, Retrospective Studies, *Delirium/drug therapy, Intensive Care Units |
| Validity and predictability of the confusion assessment method for the intensive care unit for delirium among critically ill patients in the intensive care unit: A systematic review and meta-analysis | Zhang, Y. Diao, D. Zhang, H. Gao, Y. | Nurs Crit Care | 2023 |
Cam-icu, critical, delirium, intensive care unit |
| Impact of nursing interventions on discharge disposition in patients with postoperative delirium | Zhao, Y. Quon, A. Luke, K. Tivis, L. J. | Nursing | 2023 |
Humans, Aged, Patient Discharge, Retrospective Studies, *Emergence Delirium, *Hypoalbuminemia, Hospitalization |
| Causal relationships between delirium and Alzheimer's disease: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study | Zheng, J. Du, X. Yang, L. Fu, H. | Eur J Med Res | 2023 |
Humans, *Alzheimer Disease/genetics, Genome-Wide Association Study, Mendelian Randomization Analysis, Risk Factors, Nonoxynol, Alzheimer’s disease, Causal relationships, Delirium, European, Mendelian randomization |
| Circadian rhythm disturbance and delirium in ICU patients: a prospective cohort study | Li, J. Cai, S. Liu, X. Mei, J. Pan, W. Zhong, M. Zhang, Y. | Medicine (Baltimore) | 2023 |
United States, Humans, *Hydrocortisone, *Melatonin, Prospective Studies, Circadian Rhythm, Intensive Care Units, Cortisol, Delirium, Melatonin |
| Amantadine-associated delirium in patients with maintenance dialysis: Insomnia-associated recovery and uneven seasonal distribution | Li, J. Si, B. Chao, J. He, J. | Medicine (Baltimore) | 2023 |
Humans, Renal Dialysis, Retrospective Studies, Seasons, *Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/drug therapy, Amantadine/adverse effects, *Delirium/chemically induced/epidemiology |
| Effects of Different Injection Rates of Propofol on Postoperative Cognition in Elderly Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair | Li, T. Han, W. Yang, X. Wang, Y. Peng, L. He, L. Hu, L. Liu, J. Xia, M. Wang, S. | Drug Des Devel Ther | 2023 |
Humans, Aged, *Propofol/adverse effects, Anesthetics, Intravenous/adverse effects, *Hernia, Inguinal/surgery/chemically induced, Postoperative, Complications/epidemiology, Cognition, *Delirium, *Laparoscopy, bispectral index, burst suppression, elderly, injection rate, postoperative cognitive decline, propofol |
| The Effect of Music as a Non-Pharmacological Intervention on the Physiological, Psychological, and Social Response of Patients in an Intensive Care Unit | Lorek, M. Bąk, D. Kwiecień-Jaguś, K. Mędrzycka-Dąbrowska, W. | Healthcare (Basel) | 2023 |
classical music, delirium, intensive care unit, music perception, music therapy, nursing, pain, therapeutic music listening |
| Feasibility of a Modified Otago Exercise Program for Older Adults With Cognitive Vulnerability | Mangione, K. K. Darreff, H. Welsh, M. Ni, W. Wolff, E. Booth, J. T. Glenney, S. S. Fortinsky, R. H. | J Appl Gerontol | 2023 |
Humans, Aged, Exercise Therapy, Feasibility Studies, Postural Balance, *Dementia/therapy, Cognition, *Delirium, Otago exercise program, dementia, depression, exercise, feasibility, older adult |
| Accuracy of Delirium Screening Tools in Older People with Cancer-A Systematic Review | Martínez-Arnau, F. M. Puchades-García, A. Pérez-Ros, P. | Cancers (Basel) | 2023 |
accuracy, aged, assessment, cancer, delirium, incidence, prevalence, psychometric properties |
| Evaluation of the delirium preventive effect of dual orexin receptor antagonist (DORA) in critically ill adult patients requiring ventilation with tracheal intubation at an advanced emergency center: A single-center, retrospective, observational study | Matsuoka, A. Sogawa, R. Murakawa-Hirachi, T. Mizoguchi, Y. Monji, A. Shimanoe, C. Shinada, K. Koami, H. Sakamoto, Y. | J Alzheimers Dis | 2023 |
Humans, Adult, Adolescent, *Orexin Receptor Antagonists/adverse effects, Retrospective Studies, Critical Illness/therapy, *Delirium/prevention & control/epidemiology, Intubation, Intratracheal, Delirium, Intensive care unit, Lemborexant, Sleep disorder, Suvorexant |
| Individualized Summary Assessment of Detailed Neuropsychological Testing for the Etiological Diagnosis of Newly Detected Cognitive Impairment in Hospitalized Geriatric Patients | Mäurer, A. Himmel, G. Lange, C. Mathies, F. Apostolova, I. Peters, O. Buchert, R. | J Alzheimers Dis | 2023 |
Alzheimer’s disease, delirium, dementia, etiological diagnosis, hospitalized, geriatric patients, neuropsychological testing |
| A systematic review of studies reporting on neuropsychological and functional domains used for assessment of recovery from delirium in acute hospital patients | McCartney, H. Noble, E. MacLullich, A. M. J. Davis, D. H. J. Evans, J. Shenkin, S. D. Muniz-Terrera, G. Sandeman, D. Tieges, Z. | Int J Geriatr Psychiatry | 2023 |
Humans, *Activities of Daily Living, *Delirium/diagnosis/drug therapy |
| Implementing a ward-based programme to improve care for older inpatients: process evaluation of the cluster randomised CHERISH trial | Mudge, A. M. McRae, P. Young, A. Blackberry, I. Lee-Steere, K. Barrimore, S. Quirke, T. Harvey, G. | BMC Health Serv Res | 2023 |
Aged, Humans, *Delirium/prevention & control, Hospitals, *Inpatients, Nutritional Status, Prospective Studies, Age-friendly hospitals, Delirium, Evaluation, Facilitation, Implementation |
| Effect of laparoscopic liver resection on postoperative delirium in elderly patients with hepatocellular carcinoma | Nomi, T. Kaibori, M. Hirokawa, F. Ueno, M. Hokuto, D. Noda, T. Nakai, T. Ikoma, H. Iida, H. Kubo, S. | J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci | 2023 |
elderly patients, hepatocellular carcinoma, laparoscopic liver resection, postoperative delirium |
| Development of a scale measuring the difficulties faced by nurses who care for patients with delirium in intensive care units | Owaki, N. Tanaka, M. Kawakami, A. | Aust Crit Care | 2023 |
Humans, Reproducibility of Results, Pilot Projects, Intensive Care Units, Surveys and Questionnaires, *Delirium, *Nurses, Psychometrics/methods, Delirium, Exploratory factor analysis, Nurse, Psychological distress, Scale development |
| Preliminary evaluation of a smartphone application (DelApp) for identification of delirium in sub-Saharan Africa | Paddick, S. M. Gamassa, E. Mwaluwinga, N. Lewis, G. Duinmaijer, A. Urasa, S. Tucker, L. Mukaetova-Ladinska, E. B. Cosker, G. Dekker, M. Kisoli, A. Cletus, J. Lissu, C. Dotchin, C. Gray, W. K. Walker, R. | Acta Neuropsychiatr | 2023 |
Africa, cognitive assessment, delirium, screening |
| Postoperative delirium after cholecystectomy in older patients: A retrospective study | Park, Y. M. Seo, H. I. Noh, B. G. Kim, S. Hong, S. B. Lee, N. K. Kim, D. U. Han, S. Y. | Ann Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg | 2023 |
Body mass index, Cholecystectomy, Delirium, Nutrition, Older patients |
| Exploring the Documentation of Delirium in Patients After Cardiac Surgery: A Retrospective Patient Record Study | Poikajärvi, S. Peltonen, L. M. Siirala, E. Heimonen, J. Moen, H. Salanterä, S. Junttila, K. | Comput Inform Nurs | 2023 |
delirium, cardiac, surgery, EHR, documentation |
| The Efficacy of Low-Dose Risperidone Treatment for Post-Surgical Delirium in Elderly Orthopedic Patients | Raphael, L. Edna, E. Irina, K. Oded, H. | Medicina (Kaunas) | 2023 |
Female, Humans, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Male, Risperidone/adverse effects, Prospective Studies, *Delirium/drug therapy/etiology/diagnosis, *Orthopedics, Postoperative Complications/drug therapy, delirium, elderly, post-surgical, protocol, risperidone |
| Serum Biomarkers of a Pro-Neuroinflammatory State May Define the Pre-Operative Risk for Postoperative Delirium in Spine Surgery | Ruhnau, J. Müller, J. Nowak, S. Strack, S. Sperlich, D. Pohl, A. Dilz, J. Saar, A. Veser, Y. Behr, F. Rehberg, S. Usichenko, T. Hahnenkamp, K. Ehler, J. Flöel, A. Schroeder, H. W. S. Müller, J. U. Fleischmann, R. Vogelgesang, A. | Int J Mol Sci | 2023 |
Humans, Aged, *Emergence Delirium, Interleukin-6/metabolism, *Delirium/diagnosis/etiology, Gasdermins, Postoperative, Complications/etiology, Prospective Studies, Biomarkers/metabolism, Gasdermin D, biomarker, postoperative cognitive dysfunction, postoperative delirium, sTREM2, spine surgery |
| Effects of an interactive handgrip game on surgical patients requiring intensive care: An assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial | Han, P. H. Shih, C. Y. Wang, A. Y. Chen, Y. C. Yang, C. C. Fan, Y. C. Hsiang, H. F. Chiu, H. Y. | Intensive Crit Care Nurs | 2023 |
Critically ill patients, Handgrip strength, Interactive handgrip game, Psychological distress |
| A critical appraisal and recommendation synthesis of delirium clinical practice guidelines relevant to the care of older adults in the emergency department: An umbrella review | Filiatreault, S. Grimshaw, J. M. Kreindler, S. A. Chochinov, A. Linton, J. Chatterjee, R. Azeez, R. Doupe, M. B. | J Eval Clin Pract | 2023 |
Agree, aged, delirium, emergency services (hospital), practice guideline, systematic review |
| Implementation of a novel nursing assessment tool in geriatric trauma patients with proximal femur fractures | Berk, T. Thalmann, M. Jensen, K. O. Schwarzenberg, P. Jukema, G. N. Pape, H. C. Halvachizadeh, S. | PLoS One | 2023 |
Humans, Aged, Retrospective Studies, *Proximal Femoral Fractures, *Delirium/etiology/complications, Risk Factors, Nutritional Status, Geriatric Assessment |
| Enhanced recovery after surgery in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus undergoing ventriculoperitoneal shunting procedures | Ali, A. Gupta, B. Johansen, P. Santiago, R. B. Dabecco, R. Mandel, M. Adada, B. Botero, J. Roy, M. Borghei-Razavi, H. | Clin Neurol Neurosurg | 2023 |
Humans, Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt/adverse effects, *Hydrocephalus, Normal Pressure/surgery/complications, *Enhanced Recovery After Surgery, Postoperative Complications/etiology, *Delirium/complications/surgery, Length of Stay, Retrospective Studies, Delirium, Eras, Neurosurgery, Normal pressure hydrocephalus, Ventriculoperitoneal shunting |
| The use of patient sitters at a Swiss hospital: A retrospective observational study | Kramer, I. Schubert, M. | PLoS One | 2023 |
Aged, Humans, Confusion, *Ethnicity, Hospitals, *Inpatients, Retrospective Studies, Switzerland, Aged, 80 and over |
| The role of inflammatory parameters in the prediction of postoperative delirium in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting | Şaşkin, H. Özcan, K. S. Yildirim, S. | Cardiovasc J Afr | 2023 |
Humans, *Emergence Delirium/etiology, Retrospective Studies, Postoperative Complications/diagnosis/etiology, Coronary Artery Bypass/adverse effects, Risk Factors, coronary artery bypass grafting surgery, delirium, inflammation |
| Opioids increase the risk of delirium in critically ill patients: A propensity score analysis | Shi, H. J. Zhang, X. P. Hai, C. Shi, W. Wang, P. Hu, A. M. | Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther | 2023 |
Humans, *Analgesics, Opioid/adverse effects, Intensive Care Units, Critical, Illness/therapy, Propensity Score, Risk Factors, *Delirium/chemically induced/diagnosis/epidemiology |
| Characteristics of delirium and its association with sedation and in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19 on veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation | Sun, P. Y. Fanning, J. Peeler, A. Shou, B. Lindsley, J. Caturegli, G. Whitman, G. Cha, S. Kim, B. S. Cho, S. M. | Front Med (Lausanne) | 2023 |
analgesia, deep sedation, delirium, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, hospital mortality |
| Delirium as a Risk Factor for Mortality in Critically Ill Patients With Cancer | Tao, J. Seier, K. Marasigan-Stone, C. B. Simondac, J. S. Pascual, A. V. Kostelecky, N. T. SantaTeresa, E. Nwogugu, S. O. Yang, J. J. Schmeltz, J. Tan, K. S. Chawla, S. Voigt, L. P. | JCO Oncol Pract | 2023 |
Humans, Female, Middle Aged, Aged, Male, *Delirium/diagnosis/prevention & control, Critical Illness, Risk Factors, Intensive Care Units, *Neoplasms |
| Effectiveness of sleep interventions to reduce delirium in critically ill patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis | Teng, J. Qin, H. Guo, W. Liu, J. Sun, J. Zhang, Z. | J Crit Care | 2023 |
Critical illness, Delirium, ICUs, Meta-analysis, Sleep |
| Chlorpromazine's Potential Role in Palliating Distressing Symptoms Associated With Hyperactive Delirium in Patients at End of Life | Tiefenthaler, C. M. Hirst, J. M. Edmonds, K. P. Atayee, R. S. | J Palliat Med | 2023 |
Humans, Chlorpromazine/therapeutic use, Psychomotor Agitation/drug therapy/complications/prevention & control, *Delirium/drug therapy, *Neoplasms/complications, Death, Palliative Care, chlorpromazine |
| Delirium and IL-6 added to clinical scores improves their performance: a prospective analysis of CALL, PREDI-CO, MRS score applied to a population of patients admitted to internal medicine ward | Vannucchi, V. Pelagatti, L. Barone, F. Bertini, L. Celli, T. Boccia, N. Veneziani, F. Cimolato, B. Landini, G. | Intern Emerg Med | 2023 |
Call, Covid-19, Delirium,il-6, Mrs, Outcome, Predi-co, Score |
| Electroencephalographic Biomarkers, Cerebral Oximetry, and Postoperative Cognitive Function in Adult Non-Cardiac Surgical Patients: a Prospective Cohort Study | Vlisides, P. E. Li, D. Maywood, M. Zierau, M. Lapointe, A. P. Brooks, J. McKinney, A. M. Leis, A. M. Mentz, G. Mashour, G. A. | Anesthesiology | 2023 |
Adult, Humans, Retrospective Studies, Prospective Studies, *Delirium/diagnosis/epidemiology/etiology, Critical Illness, Intensive Care Units, Critically ill, Delirium, Intensive care unit, Machine learning, Prediction |
| Early prediction of delirium upon intensive care unit admission: Model development, validation, and deployment | Wang, M. L. Kuo, Y. T. Kuo, L. C. Liang, H. P. Cheng, Y. W. Yeh, Y. C. Tsai, M. T. Chan, W. S. Chiu, C. T. Chao, A. Chou, N. K. Yeh, Y. C. Ku, S. C. | J Clin Anesth | 2023 |
Adult, Humans, Retrospective Studies, Prospective Studies, *Delirium/diagnosis/epidemiology/etiology, Critical Illness, Intensive Care Units, Critically ill, Delirium, Intensive care unit, Machine learning, Prediction |
| Perioperative cerebral perfusion in aortic arch surgery: a potential link with neurological outcome | Weijs, R. W. J. Tromp, S. C. Heijmen, R. H. Seeber, A. A. van Belle-van Haaren, Njcw Claassen, Jahr Thijssen, D. H. J. | Eur J Cardiothorac Surg | 2023 |
Humans, Aorta, Thoracic/diagnostic imaging/surgery, *Brain Ischemia/etiology/prevention & control, Retrospective Studies, *Stroke/etiology/prevention & control, Perfusion, *Ischemic Stroke, Cerebrovascular Circulation/physiology, *Delirium, Treatment Outcome, Postoperative Complications/prevention & control, *Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/surgery, Antegrade selective cerebral perfusion, Aortic surgery, Cerebral circulation, Perioperative management, Postoperative complication, Thoracic aorta |
| Preoperative Cognitive Impairment and Postoperative Delirium in Elderly Surgical Patients: A Retrospective Large Cohort Study (The CIPOD Study) | Weiss, Y. Zac, L. Refaeli, E. Ben-Yishai, S. Zegerman, A. Cohen, B. Matot, I. | Ann Surg | 2023 |
Humans, Aged, *Emergence Delirium/complications, *Delirium/diagnosis/epidemiology/etiology, Retrospective Studies, Cohort Studies, Prospective Studies, *Cognitive Dysfunction/diagnosis/epidemiology, Postoperative Complications/etiology, Risk Factors |
| Contribution of Different Brain Disorders and Multimorbidity to Delirium Superimposed Dementia (DSD) | Wetterling, T. Junghanns, K. | Geriatrics (Basel) | 2023 |
brain infarction, deliriumm dementia, multimorbidity, white matter hyperintensities |
| Prevalence and Risk Factors for Intensive Care Unit Delirium After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Retrospective Cohort Study | Wilson, L. D. Maiga, A. W. Lombardo, S. Nordness, M. F. Haddad, D. N. Rakhit, S. Smith, L. F. Rivera, E. L. Cook, M. R. Thompson, J. L. Raman, R. Patel, M. B. | Neurocrit Care | 2023 |
Adult, Humans, Retrospective Studies, Prevalence, *Brain Injuries,, Traumatic/complications/epidemiology, Risk Factors, Intensive Care Units, *Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/complications, *Delirium/epidemiology/etiology, Glasgow Coma Scale,Critical illness, Delirium, Mental status, Predictors, Traumatic brain injury |
| Moderate-to-high risk of obstructive sleep apnea with excessive daytime sleepiness is associated with postoperative neurocognitive disorders: a prospective one-year follow-up cohort study | Wu, W. Pu, L. Hu, X. Chen, Q. Wang, G. Wang, Y. | Front Neurosci | 2023 |
excessive daytime sleepiness, obstructive sleep apnea, older adults, perioperative neurocognitive disorders, surgery |
| Effect of Dexmedetomidine on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Patients Undergoing Emergency Trauma Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial | Yu, Y. Li, Y. Han, D. Gong, C. Wang, L. Li, B. Yao, R. Zhu, Y. | JAMA Netw Open | 2023 |
Male, Humans, Adult, *Dexmedetomidine/therapeutic use/adverse effects, *Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology/prevention & control, Saline Solution, *Emergence Delirium/chemically induced, Administration, Intravenous |
| Regional versus general anesthesia in older patients for hip fracture surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials | Zhou, S. L. Zhang, S. Y. Si, H. B. Shen, B. | J Orthop Surg Res | 2023 |
Humans, Aged, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, *Hip Fractures/surgery, Anesthesia, General/adverse effects, *Plastic Surgery Procedures, *Delirium, Anesthesia, General, Hip fracture, Meta-analysis, Regional |
| Delirium in Medically Hospitalized Patients: Prevalence, Recognition and Risk Factors: A Prospective Cohort Study | Al Farsi, R. S. Al Alawi, A. M. Al Huraizi, A. R. Al-Saadi, T. Al-Hamadani, N. Al Zeedy, K. Al-Maqbali, J. S. | J Clin Med | 2023 |
delirium, elderly, incidence, prevalence, risk factors |
| Delirium detection using wearable sensors and machine learning in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage | Ahmed, A. Garcia-Agundez, A. Petrovic, I. Radaei, F. Fife, J. Zhou, J. Karas, H. Moody, S. Drake, J. Jones, R. N. Eickhoff, C. Reznik, M. E. | Front Neurol | 2023 |
actigraphy, delirium, intracerebral hemorrhage, machine learning, neurocritical care, stroke, wearable electronic devices |
| Associations of postoperative delirium with activities of daily living in older people after major surgery: A prospective cohort study | Aldwikat, R. K. Manias, E. Holmes, A. C. Tomlinson, E. Nicholson, P. | J Clin Nurs | 2023 |
activities of daily living, cognition, older surgical patients, post-anaesthetic care unit, postoperative delirium |
| Association Between Risk of Stroke and Delirium After Cardiac Surgery and a New Electroencephalogram Index of Interhemispheric Similarity | Baron Shahaf, D. Hight, D. Kaiser, H. Shahaf, G. | J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth | 2023 |
Eeg, Lir, delirium, stroke |
| Melatonin and Ramelteon for the treatment of delirium: A systematic review and meta-analysis | Beaucage-Charron, J. Rinfret, J. Coveney, R. Williamson, D. | J Psychosom Res | 2023 |
Humans, Aged, *Melatonin/therapeutic use, *Delirium/drug therapy, *Indenes/therapeutic use, *Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use, Delirium, Melatonergic agonist, Melatonin, Ramelteon, Treatment |
| A Core Outcome Set for Interventions to Prevent and/or Treat Delirium in Palliative Care | Bryans, A. Siddiqi, N. Burry, L. Clarke, M. Koffman, J. Agar, M. R. Rose, L. | J Pain Symptom Manage | 2023 |
Delirium, clinical trials, core outcome set, palliative care |
| Delirium in the Era of COVID-19 | Byrnes, T. Pate, K. Cochran, A. R. Belin, L. | J Nurs Care Qual | 2023 |
delirium, covid-19, older adults, |
| Leveraging the Electronic Health Record to Implement Emergency Department Delirium Screening | Chary, A. N. Brickhouse, E. Torres, B. Santangelo, I. Carpenter, C. R. Liu, S. W. Godwin, K. M. Naik, A. D. Singh, H. Kennedy, M. | Appl Clin Inform | 2023 |
Humans, Aged, *Electronic Health Records, Emergency Service, Hospital, Attitude of Health Personnel, *Delirium/diagnosis |
| Cigarette smoking is linked to an increased risk of delirium following arthroplasty in patients suffering from osteoarthritic pain | Chen, J. R. Chen, J. Q. Hu, J. C. Huang, R. S. Shen, L. Gu, H. Chai, X. Q. Wang, D. | CNS Neurosci Ther | 2023 |
osteoarthritis, postoperative delirium, smoking, total knee arthroplasty |
| Neurological Examination Frequency and Time-to-Delirium After Traumatic Brain Injury | Chotai, S. Chen, J. W. Turer, R. Smith, C. Kelly, P. D. Bhamidipati, A. Davis, P. McCarthy, J. T. Bendfeldt, G. A. Peyton, M. B. Dennis, B. M. Terry, D. P. Guillamondegui, O. Yengo-Kahn, A. M. | Neurosurgery | Neurological Examination Frequency and Time-to-Delirium After Traumatic Brain Injury |
neurological, traumatic brain injury, delirium, time-to-delirium, ICU, CAM-ICU |
| Effect of inhaled anaesthetics on cognitive and psychiatric outcomes in critically ill adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis | Cuninghame, S. Jerath, A. Gorsky, K. Sivajohan, A. Francoeur, C. Withington, D. Burry, L. Cuthbertson, B. H. Orser, B. A. Martin, C. Owen, A. M. Slessarev, M. | Br J Anaesth | 2023 |
cognition, critical care medicine, delirium, post-ICU syndrome, psychiatric, sedation |
| The Delirium Interview as a new reference standard in studies on delirium assessment tools | Ditzel, F. L. Slooter, A. J. C. van den Boogaard, M. Boonstra, M. van Nesselrooij, T. A. Kromkamp, M. Pop-Purceleanu, M. Rood, P. J. T. Osse, R. J. Chan, C. K. MacLullich, A. M. J. Tieges, Z. Neufeld, K. J. Hut, S. C. A. | J Am Geriatr Soc | 2023 |
Humans, Male, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Prospective Studies, *Intensive Care Units, *Delirium/diagnosis, Critical Care, Reference Standards, cognitive assessment, delirium, neuropsychological tests, reference standard |
| Development and validation of an international preoperative risk assessment model for postoperative delirium | Dodsworth, B. T. Reeve, K. Falco, L. Hueting, T. Sadeghirad, B. Mbuagbaw, L. Goettel, N. Schmutz Gelsomino, N. | Age Ageing | 2023 |
Humans, Aged, *Emergence Delirium/complications, *Delirium/diagnosis/etiology/prevention & control, Risk Factors, Postoperative Complications/diagnosis/etiology/prevention & control, Risk Assessment, C-Reactive Protein, algorithm, clinical practice, older people, postoperative delirium, risk prediction |
| Emergency Department Length of Stay Is Associated with Delirium in Older Adults | Elder, N. M. Mumma, B. E. Maeda, M. Y. Tancredi, D. J. Tyler, K. R. | West J Emerg Med | 2023 |
Humans, Female, Aged, Male, Length of Stay, Retrospective Studies, *Delirium/epidemiology, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Emergency Service, Hospital, *Dementia |
| 'It's tough. It is hard': A qualitative interview study of staff and volunteers caring for hospice in-patients with delirium | Featherstone, I. Siddiqi, N. Jones, L. Coppo, E. Sheldon, T. Hosie, A. Wolkowski, A. Bush, S. H. Taylor, J. Teodorczuk, A. Johnson, M. J. | Palliat Med | 2023 |
Humans, *Hospices, Palliative Care/psychology, *Hospice Care, Qualitative Research, Volunteers, *Delirium/therapy, Delirium, hospices, palliative care, psychological distress, qualitative research |
| Metabolic syndrome and the risk of postoperative delirium and postoperative cognitive dysfunction: a multi-centre cohort study | Feinkohl, I. Janke, J. Slooter, A. J. C. Winterer, G. Spies, C. Pischon, T. | Br J Anaesth | 2023 |
cholesterol, epidemiology, metabolic syndrome, obesity, postoperative cognitive dysfunction, postoperative delirium |
| Delirium After Traumatic Brain Injury: Prediction by Location and Size of Brain Lesion | Han, S. J. Suh, J. H. Lee, J. Y. Kim, S. J. | Ann Rehabil Med | 2023 |
Delirium, Intracranial hemorrhages, Traumatic brain injury |
| Meta-analysis of the effect of entropy-assisted general anesthesia on the quality of postoperative recovery | He, B. Zhang, N. Peng, M. | Medicine (Baltimore) | 2023 |
Humans, Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting/epidemiology/prevention & control, *Emergence Delirium, Entropy, *Intraoperative Awareness, Anesthesia, General/adverse effects, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic |
| Sex-specific clinical characteristics and treatment responses in delirium management: findings from a prospective cohort study in elderly patients | Hildenbrand, F. F. Boettger, S. Spiller, T. Schubert, M. Ernst, J. von Känel, R. Zipser, C. M. | Int Clin Psychopharmacol | 2023 |
delirium, incidence, sex differences, observational, elderly |
| A predictive scoring system for postoperative delirium in the elderly patients with intertrochanteric fracture | Hu, Y. Yang, M. | BMC Surg | 2023 |
Humans, Aged, Infant, Retrospective Studies, *Emergence Delirium/etiology, *Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary/adverse effects, Treatment Outcome, *Hip, Fractures/complications/surgery, *Stroke/etiology, Elderly, Intertrochanteric fracture, Postoperative delirium, Prediction, Reduction and internal fixation, Scoring system |
| A single preoperative low-dose dexamethasone may reduce the incidence and severity of postoperative delirium in the geriatric intertrochanteric fracture patients with internal fixation surgery: an exploratory analysis of a randomized, placebo-controlled t | Huang, J. W. Yang, Y. F. Gao, X. S. Xu, Z. H. | J Orthop Surg Res | 2023 |
Humans, Aged, *Emergence Delirium/drug therapy, Postoperative, Complications/epidemiology/etiology/prevention & control, Prospective Studies |
| Incidence of postoperative delirium in older adults undergoing surgical procedures: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis | Igwe, E. O. Nealon, J. O'Shaughnessy, P. Bowden, A. Chang, H. R. Ho, M. H. Montayre, J. Montgomery, A. Rolls, K. Chou, K. R. Chen, K. H. Traynor, V. Smerdely, P. | Worldviews Evid Based Nurs | 2023 |
Humans, Aged, *Emergence Delirium/complications, *Delirium/epidemiology/etiology/diagnosis, Postoperative, Complications/epidemiology/etiology, Incidence, Risk Factors, meta-analysis |
| Music to prevent deliriUm during neuroSurgerY (MUSYC): a single-centre, prospective randomised controlled trial | Kappen, P. R. Mos, M. I. Jeekel, J. Dirven, C. M. F. Kushner, S. A. Osse, R. J. Coesmans, M. Poley, M. J. van Schie, M. S. van der Holt, B. Klimek, M. Vincent, Ajpe | BMJ Open | 2023 |
Adult, Humans, *Music, *Neurosurgery, Prospective Studies, *Delirium/etiology/prevention & control/diagnosis, Neurosurgical, Procedures/adverse effects, clinical trials, complementary medicine, delirium & cognitive disorders, neurosurgery, preventive medicine |