What is the Delirium Bibliography? The searchable Delirium Bibliography page is one of our most popular features, allowing you to quickly gain access to the literature on delirium and acute care of older persons. It is primarily intended for clinicians and researchers interested in exploring these topics. The NIDUS team keeps it updated for you on a monthly basis!
How to Search for Articles: Search by author, title, year, and/or keywords. Each article is indexed by keywords taken from MEDLINE and other relevant databases. Click on the title of the article to read the abstract, journal, etc.
Reference Information
- Title
- The 4 'A's test for detecting delirium in acute medical patients: a diagnostic accuracy study
- Authors
- MacLullich, A. M. Shenkin, S. D. Goodacre, S. Godfrey, M. Hanley, J. Stiobhairt, A. Lavender, E. Boyd, J. Stephen, J. Weir, C. MacRaild, A. Steven, J. Black, P. Diernberger, K. Hall, P. Tieges, Z. Fox, C. Anand, A. Young, J. Siddiqi, N. Gray, A.
- Year
- 2019
- Journal
- Health Technol Assess
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: Delirium is a common and serious neuropsychiatric syndrome, usually triggered by illness or drugs. It remains underdetected. One reason for this is a lack of brief, pragmatic assessment tools. The 4 ‘A’s test (Arousal, Attention, Abbreviated Mental Test – 4, Acute change) (4AT) is a screening tool designed for routine use. This project evaluated its usability, diagnostic accuracy and cost. METHODS: Phase 1 – the usability of the 4AT in routine practice was measured with two surveys and two qualitative studies of health-care professionals, and a review of current clinical use of the 4AT as well as its presence in guidelines and reports. Phase 2 – the 4AT’s diagnostic accuracy was assessed in newly admitted acute medical patients aged >/= 70 years. Its performance was compared with that of the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM; a longer screening tool). The performance of individual 4AT test items was related to cognitive status, length of stay, new institutionalisation, mortality at 12 weeks and outcomes. The method used was a prospective, double-blind diagnostic test accuracy study in emergency departments or in acute general medical wards in three UK sites. Each patient underwent a reference standard delirium assessment and was also randomised to receive an assessment with either the 4AT (n = 421) or the CAM (n = 420). A health economics analysis was also conducted. RESULTS: Phase 1 found evidence that delirium awareness is increasing, but also that there is a need for education on delirium in general and on the 4AT in particular. Most users reported that the 4AT was useful, and it was in widespread use both in the UK and beyond. No changes to the 4AT were considered necessary. Phase 2 involved 785 individuals who had data for analysis; their mean age was 81.4 (standard deviation 6.4) years, 45% were male, 99% were white and 9% had a known dementia diagnosis. The 4AT (n = 392) had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.90. A positive 4AT score (> 3) had a specificity of 95% [95% confidence interval (CI) 92% to 97%] and a sensitivity of 76% (95% CI 61% to 87%) for reference standard delirium. The CAM (n = 382) had a specificity of 100% (95% CI 98% to 100%) and a sensitivity of 40% (95% CI 26% to 57%) in the subset of participants whom it was possible to assess using this. Patients with positive 4AT scores had longer lengths of stay (median 5 days, interquartile range 2.0-14.0 days) than did those with negative 4AT scores (median 2 days, interquartile range 1.0-6.0 days), and they had a higher 12-week mortality rate (16.1% and 9.2%, respectively). The estimated 12-week costs of an initial inpatient stay for patients with delirium were more than double the costs of an inpatient stay for patients without delirium (e.g. in Scotland, pound7559, 95% CI pound7362 to pound7755, vs. pound4215, 95% CI pound4175 to pound4254). The estimated cost of false-positive cases was pound4653, of false-negative cases was pound8956, and of a missed diagnosis was pound2067. LIMITATIONS: Patients were aged >/= 70 years and were assessed soon after they were admitted, limiting generalisability. The treatment of patients in accordance with reference standard diagnosis limited the ability to assess comparative cost-effectiveness. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the use of the 4AT as a rapid delirium assessment instrument. The 4AT has acceptable diagnostic accuracy for acute older patients aged > 70 years. FUTURE WORK: Further research should address the real-world implementation of delirium assessment. The 4AT should be tested in other populations. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN53388093. FUNDING: This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 23, No. 40. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information. The funder specified that any new delirium assessment tool should be compared against the CAM, but had no other role in the study design or conduct of the study.
Delirium is the sudden onset of confusion that can happen when someone is unwell. It is common in older people who go into hospital, and it is upsetting for both the patients and their families. Delirium is important to diagnose, because people with delirium do less well than those without, and it is often treatable. The ideal way to diagnose delirium is with a full assessment by a specialist, but this is expensive and time-consuming. We therefore developed a short test called the 4 ‘A’s Test (4AT). The four ‘A’s stand for Arousal, Attention, Abbreviated Mental Test – 4, and Acute change. First, we interviewed hospital staff about delirium and the 4AT. We found that the 4AT was already widely used and that people found it easy to use. We then tested how the 4AT performed in practice. A total of 785 recently admitted patients aged >/= 70 years participated, of whom around one in eight had delirium. A researcher carried out the full standard delirium assessment on each patient and then a different researcher carried out the 4AT. A normal 4AT score reliably ruled out delirium. An abnormal score was also reasonably effective in detecting delirium, but staff still needed to follow up such patients with a full assessment. People with higher 4AT scores stayed in hospital longer and were more likely to die, and their treatment was more expensive. We conclude that the 4AT is a useful test to rule out delirium or to see if more detailed testing is required. It could help treat patients correctly and quickly. This would save money and improve outcomes.
eng
- PMID
- Keywords
4at
Acute hospitals
Cam
Delirium
Dementia
Diagnostic accuracy
- Page(s)
- 194
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 40
Title | Authors | Journal | Year | Keywords |
---|---|---|---|---|
Testing the functional assessment of mentation: A mobile application based assessment of mental status. | Hamilton DE, Press VG, Twu NM, Yuen TC, Azu CN, Churpek MM, Edelson DP | Journal of hospital medicine | 2016 | |
Delirium frequency among advanced cancer patients presenting to an emergency department: A prospective, randomized, observational study. | Elsayem AF, Bruera E, Valentine AD, Warneke CL, Yeung SC, Page VD, Wood GL, Silvestre J, Holmes HM, Brock PA, Todd KH | Cancer | 2016 | |
Long-Term Effects of Postoperative Delirium in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Operation: A Systematic Review. | Crocker E, Beggs T, Hassan A, Denault A, Lamarche Y, Bagshaw S, Elmi-Sarabi M, Hiebert B, Macdonald K, Giles-Smith L, Tangri N, Arora RC | The Annals of thoracic surgery | 2016 | |
Development of guidelines for family and non-professional helpers on assisting an older person who is developing cognitive impairment or has dementia: a Delphi expert consensus study. | Bond KS, Jorm AF, Kitchener BA, Kelly CM, Chalmers KJ | BMC geriatrics | 2016 | |
Volunteers improving person-centred dementia and delirium care in a rural Australian hospital. | Bateman C, Anderson K, Bird M, Hungerford C | Rural and remote health | 2016 | |
Predictors of Mortality for Delirium in Palliative Care. | Agar MR, Quinn SJ, Crawford GB, Ritchie CS, Phillips JL, Collier A, Currow DC | Journal of palliative medicine | 2016 | |
Validation of the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool in Critically Ill Patients With Delirium: A Prospective Cohort Study. | Kanji S, MacPhee H, Singh A, Johanson C, Fairbairn J, Lloyd T, MacLean R, Rosenberg E | Critical care medicine | 2016 | |
Undiagnosed long-term cognitive impairment in acutely hospitalised older medical patients with delirium: a prospective cohort study. | Jackson TA, MacLullich AM, Gladman JR, Lord JM, Sheehan B | Age and ageing | 2016 | |
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between the apolipoprotein E genotype and delirium. | Adamis D, Meagher D, Williams J, Mulligan O, McCarthy G | Psychiatric genetics | 2016 | |
Stop. Think. Delirium! A quality improvement initiative to explore utilising a validated cognitive assessment tool in the acute inpatient medical setting to detect delirium and prompt early intervention. | Malik A, Harlan T, Cobb J | Journal of clinical nursing | 2016 | |
Slow Gait Speed and Rapid Renal Function Decline Are Risk Factors for Postoperative Delirium after Urological Surgery. | Sato T, Hatakeyama S, Okamoto T, Yamamoto H, Hosogoe S, Tobisawa Y, Yoneyama T, Hashiba E, Yoneyama T, Hashimoto Y, Koie T, Hirota K, Ohyama C | PloS one | 2016 | |
The short-term and long-term relationship between delirium and cognitive trajectory in older surgical patients. | Inouye SK, Marcantonio ER, Kosar CM, Tommet D, Schmitt EM, Travison TG, Saczynski JS, Ngo LH, Alsop DC, Jones RN | Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association | 2016 | |
A Serious Game for Clinical Assessment of Cognitive Status: Validation Study. | Tong T, Chignell M, Tierney MC, Lee J | JMIR serious games | 2016 | |
Review of Postoperative Delirium in Geriatric Patients Undergoing Hip Surgery. | Rizk P, Morris W, Oladeji P, Huo M | Geriatric orthopaedic surgery & rehabilitation | 2016 | |
Regional versus general anaesthesia in elderly patients undergoing surgery for hip fracture: protocol for a systematic review. | Yeung J, Patel V, Champaneria R, Dretzke J | Systematic reviews | 2016 | |
The Prevalence of Undiagnosed Presurgical Cognitive Impairment and Its Postsurgical Clinical Impact in Older Patients Undergoing Lumbar Spine Surgery. | Lee YS, Kim YB, Lee SH, Park YS, Park SW | Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society | 2016 | |
A Preoperative, Nurse-Led Intervention Program Reduces Acute Postoperative Delirium. | Guo Y, Fan Y | The Journal of neuroscience nursing : journal of the American Association of Neuroscience Nurses | 2016 | |
Preliminary Data: An Adapted Hospital Elder Life Program to Prevent Delirium and Reduce Complications of Acute Illness in Long-Term Care Delivered by Certified Nursing Assistants. | Boockvar KS, Teresi JA, Inouye SK | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 2016 | |
Predicting delirium after hip fracture with a 2-min cognitive screen: prospective cohort study. | Fortes-Filho SQ, Apolinario D, Melo JA, Suzuki I, Sitta Mdo C, Garcez Leme LE | Age and ageing | 2016 | |
The PiTSTOP study: a feasibility cluster randomized trial of delirium prevention in care homes for older people. | Siddiqi N, Cheater F, Collinson M, Farrin A, Forster A, George D, Godfrey M, Graham E, Harrison J, Heaven A, Heudtlass P, Hulme C, Meads D, North C, Sturrock A, Young J | Age and ageing | 2016 | |
Pilot study of a preventive multicomponent nurse intervention to reduce the incidence and severity of delirium in hospitalized older adults: MID-Nurse-P. | Avendaño-Céspedes A, García-Cantos N, González-Teruel Mdel M, Martínez-García M, Villarreal-Bocanegra E, Oliver-Carbonell JL, Abizanda P | Maturitas | 2016 | |
Olfactory dysfunction is related to postoperative delirium in Parkinson's disease. | Kim MS, Yoon JH, Kim HJ, Yong SW, Hong JM | Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) | 2016 | |
Mum's absence(s): conceptual insights into absence as loss during a loved one's delirium. | Day J, Higgins I | Journal of clinical nursing | 2016 | |
Mortality Risk of Antipsychotic Dose and Duration in Nursing Home Residents with Chronic or Acute Indications. | Simoni-Wastila L, Wei YJ, Lucas JA, Brandt N, Moyo P, Huang TY, Franey CS, Harris I | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 2016 | |
Mental Capacity Assessments Among Inpatients Referred to the Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry Unit at a University Hospital in Bangkok, Thailand. | Pariwatcharakul P, Singhakant S | The Psychiatric quarterly | 2016 | |
Length of Stay in the Emergency Department and Occurrence of Delirium in Older Medical Patients. | Bo M, Bonetto M, Bottignole G, Porrino P, Coppo E, Tibaldi M, Ceci G, Raspo S, Cappa G, Bellelli G | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 2016 | |
Lack of Association between Pre-Operative Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 and the Risk of Post-Operative Delirium in Elderly Chinese Patients. | Chu CS, Liang CK, Chou MY, Lin YT, Hsu CJ, Chu CL, Chou PH | Psychiatry investigation | 2016 | |
Is longer storage time of red blood cells really not associated with risks of delirium and complications after hip fracture surgery? | Xue FS, Liu GP, Yang GZ, Sun C | Injury | 2016 | |
Inter-professional delirium education and care: a qualitative feasibility study of implementing a delirium Smartphone application. | Zhang M, Bingham K, Kantarovich K, Laidlaw J, Urbach D, Sockalingam S, Ho R | BMC medical informatics and decision making | 2016 |
Adult, Delirium, Education, Continuing, methods, Feasibility Studies, Humans, Interdisciplinary Communication, Mobile Applications, Qualitative Research, Smartphone |
Increasing delirium skills at the front door: results from a repeated survey on delirium knowledge and attitudes. | Jenkin RP, Al-Attar A, Richardson S, Myint PK, MacLullich AM, Davis DH | Age and ageing | 2016 | |
Incidence and risk factors for postoperative delirium after major head and neck cancer surgery. | Booka E, Kamijo T, Matsumoto T, Takeuchi M, Kitani T, Nagaoka M, Imai A, Iida Y, Shimada A, Takebayashi K, Niihara M, Mori K, Onitsuka T, Tsubosa Y, Takeuchi H, Kitagawa Y | Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery : official publication of the European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery | 2016 | |
Impact of non-pharmacological interventions on prevention and treatment of delirium in critically ill patients: protocol for a systematic review of quantitative and qualitative research. | Bannon L, McGaughey J, Clarke M, McAuley DF, Blackwood B | Systematic reviews | 2016 | |
Impact of delirium on weaning from mechanical ventilation in medical patients. | Jeon K, Jeong BH, Ko MG, Nam J, Yoo H, Chung CR, Suh GY | Respirology (Carlton, Vic.) | 2016 | |
I Can Remember Sort of Vivid People…but to Me They Were Plasticine." Delusions on the Intensive Care Unit: What Do Patients Think Is Going On? | Darbyshire JL, Greig PR, Vollam S, Young JD, Hinton L | PloS one | 2016 | |
How do healthcare workers judge pain in older palliative care patients with delirium near the end of life? | Gagliese L, Rodin R, Chan V, Stevens B, Zimmermann C | Palliative & supportive care | 2016 |
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Clinical Competence, standards, Delirium, therapy, Female, Humans, Male, Neoplasms, complications, Nurses, psychology, Pain, diagnosis, Palliative Care, methods, Prevalence, Retrospective Studies |
Genetic and environmental factors associated with delirium severity in older adults with dementia. | Massimo L, Munoz E, Hill N, Mogle J, Mulhall P, McMillan CT, Clare L, Vandenbergh D, Fick D, Kolanowski A | International journal of geriatric psychiatry | 2017 | |
Falls in A Tertiary Care Hospital-Association With Delirium: A Replication Study. | Babine RL, Hyrkäs KE, Bachand DA, Chapman JL, Fuller VJ, Honess CA, Wierman HR | Psychosomatics | 2016 | |
The experiences of caregivers of patients with delirium, and their role in its management in palliative care settings: an integrative literature review. | Finucane AM, Lugton J, Kennedy C, Spiller JA | Psycho-oncology | 2017 | |
Endothelial Activation and Blood-Brain Barrier Injury as Risk Factors for Delirium in Critically Ill Patients. | Hughes CG, Pandharipande PP, Thompson JL, Chandrasekhar R, Ware LB, Ely EW, Girard TD | Critical care medicine | 2016 | |
Effects of Intraoperative Hemodynamics on Incidence of Postoperative Delirium in Elderly Patients: A Retrospective Study. | Yang L, Sun DF, Han J, Liu R, Wang LJ, Zhang ZZ | Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research | 2016 | |
The Effects of Blood Transfusion on Delirium Incidence. | van der Zanden V, Beishuizen SJ, Scholtens RM, de Jonghe A, de Rooij SE, van Munster BC | Journal of the American Medical Directors Association | 2016 | |
Diagnostic test accuracy of informant-based tools to diagnose dementia in older hospital patients with delirium: a prospective cohort study. | Jackson TA, MacLullich AM, Gladman JR, Lord JM, Sheehan B | Age and ageing | 2016 | |
The development of an automated ward independent delirium risk prediction model. | de Wit HA, Winkens B, Mestres Gonzalvo C, Hurkens KP, Mulder WJ, Janknegt R, Verhey FR, van der Kuy PH, Schols JM | International journal of clinical pharmacy | 2016 | |
Detecting delirium in elderly outpatients with cognitive impairment. | Stroomer-van Wijk AJ, Jonker BW, Kok RM, van der Mast RC, Luijendijk HJ | International psychogeriatrics / IPA | 2016 | |
Delirium in the geriatric unit: proton-pump inhibitors and other risk factors. | Otremba I, Wilczyński K, Szewieczek J | Clinical interventions in aging | 2016 | |
Delirium diagnosis defined by cluster analysis of symptoms versus diagnosis by DSM and ICD criteria: diagnostic accuracy study. | Sepulveda E, Franco JG, Trzepacz PT, Gaviria AM, Meagher DJ, Palma J, Viñuelas E, Grau I, Vilella E, de Pablo J | BMC psychiatry | 2016 | |
Delirium as a Predictor of Physical and Cognitive Function in Individuals Aged 80 and Older After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation or Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement. | Eide LS, Ranhoff AH, Fridlund B, Haaverstad R, Hufthammer KO, Kuiper KK, Nordrehaug JE, Norekvål TM, | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 2016 | |
Current approach to diagnosis and treatment of delirium after cardiac surgery. | Evans AS, Weiner MM, Arora RC, Chung I, Deshpande R, Varghese R, Augoustides J, Ramakrishna H | Annals of cardiac anaesthesia | 2016 | |
Comparison of diagnostic classification systems for delirium with new research criteria that incorporate the three core domains. | Trzepacz PT, Meagher DJ, Franco JG | Journal of psychosomatic research | 2016 | |
Cognitive assessment of older adults at the acute care interface: the informant history. | Dyer AH, Nabeel S, Briggs R, O'Neill D, Kennelly SP | Postgraduate medical journal | 2016 | |
Can the critical-care pain observation tool (CPOT) be used to assess pain in delirious ICU patients? | Rijkenberg S, van der Voort PH | Journal of thoracic disease | 2016 | |
Utility of neuropsychological tests in predicting post-operative delirium following elective primary arthroplasty | Cunningham, E. L. | Alzheimer's and Dementia | 2016 |
aged |
Frailty as a predictor for poorer outcomes among older adults admitted to a specialised delirium unit | Chew, J. | Annals of the Academy of Medicine Singapore |
adult |
|
Improved quality of care of older patients experiencing a delirium within the acute hospital setting: A quality improvement project | Chapman, J. | European Geriatric Medicine | 2016 | |
Delirium in an intensive care setting | Becker, A. | Intensiv- und Notfallbehandlung | 2016 | |
Delirium recognition in older people using a validated assessment tool (Confusion Assessment Method, CAM) improves rates of diagnosis, communication and the overall quality of care | Akintade, O. | European Geriatric Medicine | 2016 | |
Influence of a Delirium Education Program on Intensive Care Nurses' Knowledge Regarding Delirium Identification and Mitigation | Shirley Marr | Canadian Journal of Critical Care Nursing | 2016 |
delirium education research change |
Dynamics of Critical Care 2016 in Charlottetown, PE, September 25-27, 2016 | Sharon Hickin, Sandy White | Canadian Journal of Critical Care Nursing | 2016 |
ICU Psychosis — Prevention and Control |
[Role of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in attenuation of endotoxin induced delirium with dexmedetomidine in mice]. | Zhang X, Li Z, Sun X, Jin F, Liu J, Li J | Zhonghua wei zhong bing ji jiu yi xue | 2016 |
Acetylcholinesterase, metabolism, Animals, Bungarotoxins, adverse effects, Choline O-Acetyltransferase, metabolism, Delirium, chemically induced, Dexmedetomidine, therapeutic use, Endotoxemia, chemically induced, Endotoxins, adverse effects, Hippocampus, drug effects, Lipopolysaccharides, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Phosphopyruvate Hydratase, metabolism, Random Allocation, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, metabolism, alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor, metabolism |
Chasing the Mirage: a grounded theory of the clinical reasoning processes that Registered Nurses use to recognize delirium. | El Hussein M, Hirst S | Journal of advanced nursing | 2016 |
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alberta, Clinical Competence, Critical Care Nursing, methods, Delirium, diagnosis, Female, Grounded Theory, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nursing Assessment, Nursing Care, psychology, Nursing Staff, Hospital, psychology, Thinking |
The effect of an interactive delirium e-learning tool on healthcare workers' delirium recognition, knowledge and strain in caring for delirious patients: a pilot pre-test/post-test study. | Detroyer E, Dobbels F, Debonnaire D, Irving K, Teodorczuk A, Fick DM, Joosten E, Milisen K | BMC medical education | 2016 |
Clinical Competence, Computer-Assisted Instruction, methods, Delirium, diagnosis, Education, Professional, methods, Female, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Health Personnel, education, Humans, Internet, Male, Pilot Projects, Sampling Studies |
DEL-FINE: a new tool for assessing the delirogenic properties of drugs of relevance for European pharmacotherapy. | Böhmdorfer B, Rohleder S, Wawruch M, van der Cammen TJ, Frühwald T, Jagsch C, Janowitz SM, Nagano M, Petrovic M, Sommeregger U, Iglseder B | Zeitschrift fur Gerontologie und Geriatrie | 2016 |
Anticholinergic Syndrome, etiology, Delirium, chemically induced, Delphi Technique, Drug Therapy, standards, Europe, Expert Testimony, methods, Humans, Practice Guidelines as Topic |
Consciousness, Functional networks and Delirium screening. | Eeles E, Burianova H, Pandy S, Pinsker D | Current aging science | 2016 | |
Delirium: A Survey of Healthcare Professionals' Knowledge, Beliefs, and Practices. | Sinvani L, Kozikowski A, Pekmezaris R, Akerman M, Wolf-Klein G | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 2016 | |
Low dose dexmedetomidine for the prophylaxis of perioperative ICU delirium-how much evidence is enough? | Reade MC | Journal of thoracic disease | 2016 | |
[Study of prevention and control of delirium in ventilated patients by simulating blockage of circadian rhythm with sedative in intensive care unit]. | Li J, Dong C, Zhang H, Zhang H, Song R, Yang Z, Feng F, Qi Y, Yang J | Zhonghua wei zhong bing ji jiu yi xue | 2016 |
Analgesics, Circadian Rhythm, Critical Care, Delirium, Dexmedetomidine, Fentanyl, Humans, Hypnotics and Sedatives, Intensive Care Units, Pain, Propofol, Prospective Studies, Respiration, Artificial |
Effect of Cognitively Stimulating Activities on Symptom Management of Delirium Superimposed on Dementia: A Randomized Controlled Trial. | Kolanowski A, Fick D, Litaker M, Mulhall P, Clare L, Hill N, Mogle J, Boustani M, Gill D, Yevchak-Sillner A | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 2016 | |
Dexmedetomidine for prevention of delirium in elderly patients after non-cardiac surgery. | Karren EA, King AB, Hughes CG | Journal of thoracic disease | 2016 | |
Decreased Incidence of Postoperative Delirium in Robot-assisted Thoracoscopic Esophagectomy Compared With Open Transthoracic Esophagectomy. | Jeong DM, Kim JA, Ahn HJ, Yang M, Heo BY, Lee SH | Surgical laparoscopy, endoscopy & percutaneous techniques | 2016 | |
Delirium in the Neuro Intensive Care Unit. | Haymore JB, Patel N | Critical care nursing clinics of North America | 2016 |
Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Critical Care, Delirium, physiopathology, Humans, Intensive Care Units, Nursing Assessment, Pain Management |
CE: Assessing and Managing Pain, Agitation, and Delirium in Hospitalized Older Adults. | Hartjes TM, Meece L, Horgas AL | The American journal of nursing | 2016 |
Aged, Delirium, diagnosis, Education, Continuing, Hospitalization, Humans, Pain Management, methods, Pain Measurement, methods, Psychomotor Agitation, diagnosis |
The Search for Effective Delirium Treatment for Persons with Dementia in the Postacute-Care Setting. | Fong TG, Albuquerque A, Inouye SK | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 2016 | |
Postoperative Delirium After Liver Transplantation is Associated With Increased Length of Stay and Lower Survival in a Prospective Cohort. | Beckmann S, Schubert M, Burkhalter H, Dutkowski P, De Geest S | Progress in transplantation (Aliso Viejo, Calif.) | 2016 | |
Predicting Delirium in Older Patients Hospitalized for Community-Acquired Pneumonia. | Viscogliosi G, Chiriac IM, Braucci S, Terracina D, Andreozzi P, Ettorre E | Journal of the American Medical Directors Association | 2016 | |
Preoperative discussion with patients about delirium risk: are we doing enough? | Tomlinson JH, Partridge JS | Perioperative medicine (London, England) | 2016 | |
Development, Implementation, and Outcomes of a Delirium Protocol in the Surgical Trauma Intensive Care Unit. | Sullinger D, Gilmer A, Jurado L, Zimmerman LH, Steelman J, Gallagher A, Dupre T, Acquista E | The Annals of pharmacotherapy | 2016 | |
The role of the NADPH oxidase derived brain oxidative stress in the cocaine-related death associated with excited delirium: A literature review. | Schiavone S, Neri M, Mhillaj E, Pomara C, Trabace L, Turillazzi E | Toxicology letters | 2016 | |
Does this patient have delirium? | Salluh JI, Sharshar T, Kress JP | Intensive care medicine | 2016 | |
[Knowledge and implementation of the S3 guideline on delirium management in Germany]. | Saller T, V Dossow V, Hofmann-Kiefer K | Der Anaesthesist | 2016 | |
Arousal, Attention, and an Abundance of Opportunity to Advance Delirium Care. | Rudolph JL | Journal of the American Medical Directors Association | 2016 | |
Risk factors of post-operative delirium after elective vascular surgery in the elderly: A systematic review. | Raats JW, Steunenberg SL, de Lange DC, van der Laan L | International journal of surgery (London, England) | 2016 | |
Screening for delirium in specialist palliative care inpatient units: perceptions and outcomes. | Porteous A, Dewhurst F, Gray WK, Coulter P, Karandikar U, Kiltie R, Lowery L, MacCormick F, Paxton A, Pickard J, Rowley G, Vidrine J, Walmsley R, Waterfield K, Weiand D, Grogan E | International journal of palliative nursing | 2016 | |
Postoperative delirium: age and low functional reserve as independent risk factors. | Pinho C, Cruz S, Santos A, Abelha FJ | Journal of clinical anesthesia | 2016 | |
Delirium assessment in intensive care units: practices and perceptions of Turkish nurses. | Özsaban A, Acaroglu R | Nursing in critical care | 2016 | |
Nurses' and physicians' perceptions of Confusion Assessment Method for the intensive care unit for delirium detection: focus group study. | Oxenbøll-Collet M, Egerod I, Christensen V, Jensen J, Thomsen T | Nursing in critical care | 2016 | |
Post-anaesthetic emergence delirium in adults: incidence, predictors and consequences. | Munk L, Andersen G, Møller AM | Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica | 2016 | |
The Diagnosis of Delirium Superimposed on Dementia: An Emerging Challenge. | Morandi A, Davis D, Bellelli G, Arora RC, Caplan GA, Kamholz B, Kolanowski A, Fick DM, Kreisel S, MacLullich A, Meagher D, Neufeld K, Pandharipande PP, Richardson S, Slooter AJ, Taylor JP, Thomas C, Tieges Z, Teodorczuk A, Voyer P, Rudolph JL | Journal of the American Medical Directors Association | 2017 | |
Revisiting DLB Diagnosis: A Consideration of Prodromal DLB and of the Diagnostic Overlap With Alzheimer Disease. | McKeith I, Taylor JP, Thomas A, Donaghy P, Kane J | Journal of geriatric psychiatry and neurology | 2016 | |
Underreporting of Delirium in Statewide Claims Data: Implications for Clinical Care and Predictive Modeling. | McCoy TH, Snapper L, Stern TA, Perlis RH | Psychosomatics | 2016 | |
[Delusion versus delirium]. | Martínez-Velilla N, Franco JG, Molina Amaya CM | Medicina clínica | 2016 | |
[The recognition and diagnosis of delirium in elderly people in intensive care unit]. | Li QD, Wan XY | Zhonghua nei ke za zhi | 2016 | |
Cancer patients with delirium in the emergency department: A frequent and distressing problem that calls for better assessment. | Lawlor PG | Cancer | 2016 | |
Routine use of antipsychotics to prevent or treat delirium is not recommended. | Kishi T | Evidence-based mental health | 2016 | |
Preoperative Cognitive Performance Dominates Risk for Delirium Among Older Adults. | Jones RN, Marcantonio ER, Saczynski JS, Tommet D, Gross AL, Travison TG, Alsop DC, Schmitt EM, Fong TG, Cizginer S, Shafi MM, Pascual-Leone A, Inouye SK | Journal of geriatric psychiatry and neurology | 2016 | |
Total intravenous anesthesia with propofol is associated with a lower rate of postoperative delirium in comparison with sevoflurane anesthesia in elderly patients. | Ishii K, Makita T, Yamashita H, Matsunaga S, Akiyama D, Toba K, Hara K, Sumikawa K, Hara T | Journal of clinical anesthesia | 2016 | |
Preclinical Amyloid-β and Axonal Degeneration Pathology in Delirium. | Idland AV, Wyller TB, Støen R, Eri LM, Frihagen F, Ræder J, Chaudhry FA, Hansson O, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Bogdanovic N, Brækhus A, Watne LO | Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD | 2016 | |
The Mystery of Delirium. Could Biomarkers of Endothelial Activation Reveal the Secrets? | Frendl G | Critical care medicine | 2016 | |
A Simple Tool to Predict Development of Delirium After Elective Surgery. | Dworkin A, Lee DS, An AR, Goodlin SJ | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 2016 | |
Cardiovascular surgery nurses' level of knowledge regarding delirium. | Demir Korkmaz F, Gok F, Yavuz Karamanoglu A | Nursing in critical care | 2016 | |
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