What is the Delirium Bibliography? The searchable Delirium Bibliography page is one of our most popular features, allowing you to quickly gain access to the literature on delirium and acute care of older persons. It is primarily intended for clinicians and researchers interested in exploring these topics. The NIDUS team keeps it updated for you on a monthly basis!
How to Search for Articles: Search by author, title, year, and/or keywords. Each article is indexed by keywords taken from MEDLINE and other relevant databases. Click on the title of the article to read the abstract, journal, etc.
Reference Information
- Title
- The 4 'A's test for detecting delirium in acute medical patients: a diagnostic accuracy study
- Authors
- MacLullich, A. M. Shenkin, S. D. Goodacre, S. Godfrey, M. Hanley, J. Stiobhairt, A. Lavender, E. Boyd, J. Stephen, J. Weir, C. MacRaild, A. Steven, J. Black, P. Diernberger, K. Hall, P. Tieges, Z. Fox, C. Anand, A. Young, J. Siddiqi, N. Gray, A.
- Year
- 2019
- Journal
- Health Technol Assess
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: Delirium is a common and serious neuropsychiatric syndrome, usually triggered by illness or drugs. It remains underdetected. One reason for this is a lack of brief, pragmatic assessment tools. The 4 ‘A’s test (Arousal, Attention, Abbreviated Mental Test – 4, Acute change) (4AT) is a screening tool designed for routine use. This project evaluated its usability, diagnostic accuracy and cost. METHODS: Phase 1 – the usability of the 4AT in routine practice was measured with two surveys and two qualitative studies of health-care professionals, and a review of current clinical use of the 4AT as well as its presence in guidelines and reports. Phase 2 – the 4AT’s diagnostic accuracy was assessed in newly admitted acute medical patients aged >/= 70 years. Its performance was compared with that of the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM; a longer screening tool). The performance of individual 4AT test items was related to cognitive status, length of stay, new institutionalisation, mortality at 12 weeks and outcomes. The method used was a prospective, double-blind diagnostic test accuracy study in emergency departments or in acute general medical wards in three UK sites. Each patient underwent a reference standard delirium assessment and was also randomised to receive an assessment with either the 4AT (n = 421) or the CAM (n = 420). A health economics analysis was also conducted. RESULTS: Phase 1 found evidence that delirium awareness is increasing, but also that there is a need for education on delirium in general and on the 4AT in particular. Most users reported that the 4AT was useful, and it was in widespread use both in the UK and beyond. No changes to the 4AT were considered necessary. Phase 2 involved 785 individuals who had data for analysis; their mean age was 81.4 (standard deviation 6.4) years, 45% were male, 99% were white and 9% had a known dementia diagnosis. The 4AT (n = 392) had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.90. A positive 4AT score (> 3) had a specificity of 95% [95% confidence interval (CI) 92% to 97%] and a sensitivity of 76% (95% CI 61% to 87%) for reference standard delirium. The CAM (n = 382) had a specificity of 100% (95% CI 98% to 100%) and a sensitivity of 40% (95% CI 26% to 57%) in the subset of participants whom it was possible to assess using this. Patients with positive 4AT scores had longer lengths of stay (median 5 days, interquartile range 2.0-14.0 days) than did those with negative 4AT scores (median 2 days, interquartile range 1.0-6.0 days), and they had a higher 12-week mortality rate (16.1% and 9.2%, respectively). The estimated 12-week costs of an initial inpatient stay for patients with delirium were more than double the costs of an inpatient stay for patients without delirium (e.g. in Scotland, pound7559, 95% CI pound7362 to pound7755, vs. pound4215, 95% CI pound4175 to pound4254). The estimated cost of false-positive cases was pound4653, of false-negative cases was pound8956, and of a missed diagnosis was pound2067. LIMITATIONS: Patients were aged >/= 70 years and were assessed soon after they were admitted, limiting generalisability. The treatment of patients in accordance with reference standard diagnosis limited the ability to assess comparative cost-effectiveness. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the use of the 4AT as a rapid delirium assessment instrument. The 4AT has acceptable diagnostic accuracy for acute older patients aged > 70 years. FUTURE WORK: Further research should address the real-world implementation of delirium assessment. The 4AT should be tested in other populations. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN53388093. FUNDING: This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 23, No. 40. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information. The funder specified that any new delirium assessment tool should be compared against the CAM, but had no other role in the study design or conduct of the study.
Delirium is the sudden onset of confusion that can happen when someone is unwell. It is common in older people who go into hospital, and it is upsetting for both the patients and their families. Delirium is important to diagnose, because people with delirium do less well than those without, and it is often treatable. The ideal way to diagnose delirium is with a full assessment by a specialist, but this is expensive and time-consuming. We therefore developed a short test called the 4 ‘A’s Test (4AT). The four ‘A’s stand for Arousal, Attention, Abbreviated Mental Test – 4, and Acute change. First, we interviewed hospital staff about delirium and the 4AT. We found that the 4AT was already widely used and that people found it easy to use. We then tested how the 4AT performed in practice. A total of 785 recently admitted patients aged >/= 70 years participated, of whom around one in eight had delirium. A researcher carried out the full standard delirium assessment on each patient and then a different researcher carried out the 4AT. A normal 4AT score reliably ruled out delirium. An abnormal score was also reasonably effective in detecting delirium, but staff still needed to follow up such patients with a full assessment. People with higher 4AT scores stayed in hospital longer and were more likely to die, and their treatment was more expensive. We conclude that the 4AT is a useful test to rule out delirium or to see if more detailed testing is required. It could help treat patients correctly and quickly. This would save money and improve outcomes.
eng
- PMID
- Keywords
4at
Acute hospitals
Cam
Delirium
Dementia
Diagnostic accuracy
- Page(s)
- 194
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 40
Title | Authors | Journal | Year | Keywords |
---|---|---|---|---|
Association between delirium in the intensive care unit and subsequent neuropsychiatric disorders | Brown, K. N. Soo, A. Faris, P. Patten, S. B. Fiest, K. M. Stelfox, H. T. | Crit Care | 2020 |
Aged |
Association of Positive Delirium Screening with Incident Dementia in Skilled Nursing Facilities | Briesacher, B. A. Koethe, B. Olivieri-Mui, B. Saczynski, J. S. Fick, D. M. Devlin, J. W. Marcantonio, E. R. | J Am Geriatr Soc | 2020 |
delirium |
Economic Burden of Postoperative Neurocognitive Disorders Among US Medicare Patients | Boone, M. D. Sites, B. von Recklinghausen, F. M. Mueller, A. Taenzer, A. H. Shaefi, S. | JAMA Netw Open | 2020 |
Aged |
Hospital Elder Life Program in Long-Term Care (HELP-LTC): A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial | Boockvar, K. S. Judon, K. M. Eimicke, J. P. Teresi, J. A. Inouye, S. K. | J Am Geriatr Soc | 2020 |
delirium |
Pain Incidence, Treatment, and Associated Symptoms in Hospitalized Persons with Dementia | Boltz, M. Resnick, B. Kuzmik, A. Mogle, J. Jones, J. R. Arendacs, R. BeLue, R. Cacchione, P. Galvin, J. E. | Pain Manag Nurs | 2020 | |
Disparities in Physical and Psychological Symptoms in Hospitalized African American and White Persons with Dementia | Boltz, M. BeLue, R. Resnick, B. Kuzmik, A. Galik, E. Jones, J. R. Arendacs, R. Sinvani, L. Mogle, J. Galvin, J. E. | J Aging Health | 2020 |
African Americans |
The prevalence rates and adversities of delirium: Too common and disadvantageous | Boettger, S. Zipser, C. M. Bode, L. Spiller, T. Deuel, J. Osterhoff, G. Ernst, J. Petry, H. Volbracht, J. von Känel, R. | Palliat Support Care | 2020 |
Delirium |
Assessing delirium with nursing care instruments: Evaluation of the cognitive and associated domains | Bode, L. Fuchs, S. Gehrke, S. Ernst, J. Schubert, M. Nuñez, D. G. von Känel, R. Boettger, S. | Palliat Support Care | 2020 |
Assessment |
Iranian Nurses Perception and Practices for Delirium Assessment in Intensive Care Units | Biyabanaki, F. Arab, M. Dehghan, M. | Indian J Crit Care Med | 2020 |
Assessment |
How to fight against overtreatment? Example of neuroleptic prescriptions for acute delirium | Bianchi, C. Blondet, F. Aebischer, O. Méan, M. | Revue Medicale Suisse | 2020 |
neuroleptic agent |
Clinical Presentation of COVID19 in Dementia Patients | Bianchetti, A. Rozzini, R. Guerini, F. Boffelli, S. Ranieri, P. Minelli, G. Bianchetti, L. Trabucchi, M. | Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging | 2020 |
aged |
Validation of two nurse-based screening tools for delirium in elderly patients in general medical wards | Bergjan, M. Zilezinski, M. Schwalbach, T. Franke, C. Erdur, H. Audebert, H. J. Hauß, A. | BMC Nurs | 2020 |
Confusion |
Prevalence and management of delirium in intensive care units in the Netherlands: An observational multicentre study | Berger, E. Wils, E. J. Vos, P. van Santen, S. Koets, J. Slooter, A. J. C. van der Woude, M. Koopmans, M. Rinket, M. A. Hoiting, O. Hoogendoorn, E. E. Streefkerk, J. O. de Vreede, E. W. Riekerk, B. Simons, K. S. Toscano, E. Schoonderbeek, F. J. Hofstra, L. | Intensive Crit Care Nurs | 2020 |
Critically ill |
Effect of Exogenous Melatonin Administration in Critically Ill Patients on Delirium and Sleep: A Randomized Controlled Trial | Bellapart, J. Appadurai, V. Lassig-Smith, M. Stuart, J. Zappala, C. Boots, R. | Crit Care Res Pract | 2020 | |
Delirium, functional decline and quality of life after transcatheter aortic valve implantation: An explorative study | Beishuizen, S. J. Festen, S. Loonstra, Y. E. van der Werf, H. W. de Rooij, S. E. van Munster, B. C. | Geriatr Gerontol Int | 2020 |
activities of daily living |
Clinical outcomes in patients admitted to hospital with cervical spine fractures or with hip fractures | Baxter, J. Lisk, R. Osmani, A. Yeong, K. Robin, J. Fluck, D. Fry, C. H. Han, T. S. | Intern Emerg Med | 2020 |
Discharge destination |
Frequency and Implications of Complications in the ICU After Status Epilepticus: No Calm After the Storm | Baumann, S. M. Semmlack, S. De Marchis, G. M. Hunziker, S. Rüegg, S. Marsch, S. Sutter, R. | Critical care medicine | 2020 |
adult |
Neurological Complications and Noninvasive Multimodal Neuromonitoring in Critically Ill Mechanically Ventilated COVID-19 Patients | Battaglini, D. Santori, G. Chandraptham, K. Iannuzzi, F. Bastianello, M. Tarantino, F. Ball, L. Giacobbe, D. R. Vena, A. Bassetti, M. Inglese, M. Uccelli, A. Rocco, P. R. M. Patroniti, N. Brunetti, I. Pelosi, P. Robba, C. | Front Neurol | 2020 |
Covid-19 |
Association between plasma tau and postoperative delirium incidence and severity: a prospective observational study | Ballweg, T. White, M. Parker, M. Casey, C. Bo, A. Farahbakhsh, Z. Kayser, A. Blair, A. Lindroth, H. Pearce, R. A. Blennow, K. Zetterberg, H. Lennertz, R. Sanders, R. D. | Br J Anaesth | 2020 |
biomarker |
Neurocovid: Pharmacological Recommendations for Delirium Associated With COVID-19 | Baller, E. B. Hogan, C. S. Fusunyan, M. A. Ivkovic, A. Luccarelli, J. W. Madva, E. Nisavic, M. Praschan, N. Quijije, N. V. Beach, S. R. Smith, F. A. | Psychosomatics | 2020 |
Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists/ therapeutic use |
An Implementation Assessment of the Virtual Acute Care for Elders Program From the Perspective of Key Stakeholders | Balentine, C. J. Morris, M. Knight, S. J. Turan, J. M. Flood, K. L. Gutierrez-Meza, D. Macdonald, C. L. Bhatia, S. Brown, C. J. | Ann Surg | 2020 | |
The 'third wave': impending cognitive and functional decline in COVID-19 survivors | Baker, H. A. Safavynia, S. A. Evered, L. A. | Br J Anaesth | 2020 |
Covid-19 |
Presence of urinary symptoms in bacteremic urinary tract infection: a retrospective cohort study of Escherichia coli bacteremia | Bai, A. D. Bonares, M. J. Thrall, S. Bell, C. M. Morris, A. M. | BMC Infect Dis | 2020 |
Aged |
Risk Factors of Postoperative Delirium in Older Adult Spine Surgery Patients: A Meta-Analysis | Baek, W. Kim, Y. M. Lee, H. | AORN J | 2020 |
delirium |
Psychosocial volunteer support for older adults with cognitive impairment: development of MyCare Ageing using a codesign approach via action research | Ayton, D. O'Donnell, R. Vicary, D. Bateman, C. Moran, C. Srikanth, V. K. Lustig, J. Banaszak-Holl, J. Hunter, P. Pritchard, E. Morris, H. Savaglio, M. Parikh, S. Skouteris, H. | BMJ Open | 2020 |
dementia |
The Volunteer Dementia and Delirium Care (VDDC)©: A pre-implementation study exploring perceived acceptability to implementing the program in an acute and subacute metropolitan hospital | Ayton, D. Moran, C. Berkovic, D. Bateman, C. Anderson, K. Blair, A. Soh, S. E. Morello, R. Lim, Y. Y. Liew, D. | Australas J Ageing | 2020 |
delirium |
A call to action for delirium research: Meta-analysis and regression of delirium associated mortality | Aung Thein, M. Z. Pereira, J. V. Nitchingham, A. Caplan, G. A. | BMC Geriatr | 2020 |
Aged |
Accuracy and Feasibility of Clinically Applied Frailty Instruments before Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis | Aucoin, S. D. Hao, M. Sohi, R. Shaw, J. Bentov, I. Walker, D. McIsaac, D. I. | Anesthesiology | 2020 |
Aged |
Could COVID delirium bring on dementia? | Arnold, C. | Nature | 2020 |
COVID-19/ complications/epidemiology/ psychology |
Neighborhood-Level Social Disadvantage and Risk of Delirium Following Major Surgery | Arias, F. Chen, F. Fong, T. G. Shiff, H. Alegria, M. Marcantonio, E. R. Gou, Y. Jones, R. N. Travison, T. G. Schmitt, E. M. Kind, A. J. H. Inouye, S. K. | J Am Geriatr Soc | 2020 |
Area Deprivation Index |
Delirium is independently associated with early mortality in elderly patients starting hemodialysis | Arai, Y. Shioji, S. Tanaka, H. Kondo, I. Sakamoto, E. Suzuki, M. Katagiri, D. Tada, M. Hinoshita, F. | Clin Exp Nephrol | 2020 |
Chronic kidney disease |
COVID-19 inpatients with psychiatric disorders: Real-world clinical recommendations from an expert team in consultation-liaison psychiatry | Anmella, G. Arbelo, N. Fico, G. Murru, A. Llach, C. D. Madero, S. Gomes-da-Costa, S. Imaz, M. L. López-Pelayo, H. Vieta, E. Pintor, L. | J Affect Disord | 2020 |
Aged |
Relationship Between Intensive Care Unit Delirium Severity and 2-Year Mortality and Health Care Utilization | Andrews, P. S. Wang, S. Perkins, A. J. Gao, S. Khan, S. Lindroth, H. Boustani, M. Khan, B. | American journal of critical care : an official publication, American Association of Critical-Care Nurses | 2020 |
adult |
Impact of a Pharmacist-Led Intensive Care Unit Sleep Improvement Protocol on Sleep Duration and Quality | Andrews, J. L. Louzon, P. R. Torres, X. Pyles, E. Ali, M. H. Du, Y. Devlin, J. W. | Ann Pharmacother | 2020 |
activity tracker |
A Case of Concurrent Delirium and Catatonia in a Woman With Coronavirus Disease 2019 | Amouri, J. Andrews, P. S. Heckers, S. Ely, E. W. Wilson, J. E. | Psychosomatics | 2020 | |
Delirium pathway: a North Hampshire experience | Al-Rawi, Y. A. | Progress in Neurology and Psychiatry | 2020 |
aged |
Incidence and risk factors for acute delirium in older patients with a hip fracture: A retrospective cohort study | Aldwikat, R. K. Manias, E. Nicholson, P. | Nurs Health Sci | 2020 |
hip fracture |
Delirium, insulin-like growth factor I, growth hormone in older inpatients | Adamis, D. Coada, I. Eikelenboom, P. Chu, C. S. Finn, K. Melvin, V. Williams, J. Meagher, D. J. McCarthy, G. | World J Psychiatry | 2020 |
Cognition |
Critical Review and Meta-Analysis of Postoperative Sedation after Adult Cardiac Surgery: Dexmedetomidine Versus Propofol | Abowali, H. A. Paganini, M. Enten, G. Elbadawi, A. Camporesi, E. M. | J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth | 2020 |
adult open cardiac surgery |
Polypharmacy at admission prolongs length of hospitalization in gastrointestinal surgery patients | Abe, N. Kakamu, T. Kumagai, T. Hidaka, T. Masuishi, Y. Endo, S. Kasuga, H. Fukushima, T. | Geriatr Gerontol Int | 2020 |
Adult |
Stroke-related delirium | Al-Khaled, M. | Journal of the Neurological Sciences | 2021 |
article |
Practice Variability in Screening and Treating Pediatric Critical Illness Delirium: Survey | Aljabari, S. Carter, C. Waheed, S. Anderson, J. E. | Journal of Pediatric Intensive Care | 2020 |
child |
Perioperative complications of pediatric otorhinolaryngological operations | Aleksandrovich, Y. Rybianov, V. Pshenisnov, K. V. Razumov, S. | Saudi Journal of Anaesthesia | 2020 |
Complications ENT Heart rate variability Pediatric Perioperative |
Prevention as Intervention: Reducing Incident Delirium in Heart Failure | Albert, B. L. | Journal of doctoral nursing practice | 2019 |
acute heart failure |
The prevalence of prescribing medications associated with geriatric syndromes among discharged elderly patients | Akkawi, M. E. Taufek, N. H. M. Hadi, A. D. A. Nik Lah, N. N. N. F. | Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences | 2020 |
Elderly patients Geriatric Syndromes Medication prescribing |
Incidence and predictors of delirium after cardiac arrest – A retrospective registry | Aicher, N. Jäckel, M. Faye, C. Wengenmayer, T. Bode, C. Staudacher, D. L. | Resuscitation | 2020 |
noradrenalin |
Is ketamine safe for the pre-hospital sedation of patients with excited delirium secondary to sympathomimetic toxicity? | Adams, Y. | Australasian Journal of Paramedicine | 2019 |
adrenergic receptor stimulating agent |
Prospective, multi-centric benchmark study assessing delirium: prevalence, incidence and its correlates in hospitalized elderly Lebanese patients | Zrour, C. Haddad, R. Zoghbi, M. Kharsa, Z. Hijazi, M. Naja, W. | Aging Clin Exp Res | 2020 |
Correlated factors |
Knowledge and attitudes of adolescents with psychiatric disorders and their caregivers towards electroconvulsive therapy in China | Zong, Q. Q. Qi, H. Wang, Y. Y. Zhang, C. Balbuena, L. Ungvari, G. S. An, F. R. Xiang, Y. T. | Asian Journal of Psychiatry | 2020 |
adolescent |
Does postoperative delirium following elective noncardiac surgery predict long-term mortality? | Ziman, N. Sands, L. P. Tang, C. Zhu, J. Leung, J. M. | Age Ageing | 2020 |
long-term mortality |
Anxiety administrated by dexmedetomidine to prevent new-onset of postoperative atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass graft | Zi, J. Fan, Y. Dong, C. Zhao, Y. Li, D. Tan, Q. | International Heart Journal | 2020 |
1800014314 |
Assessment of Melatonergics in Prevention of Delirium: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis | Zhu, Y. Jiang, Z. Huang, H. Li, W. Ren, C. Yao, R. Wang, Y. Yao, Y. Li, W. Du, B. Xi, X. | Front Neurol | 2020 |
critical care medicine |
Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index can predict postoperative delirium and hospital length of stay in elderly patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery | Zhao, Y. Xia, X. Xie, D. Liao, Y. Wang, Y. Chen, L. Ge, N. Yue, J. | Geriatr Gerontol Int | 2020 |
Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index |
The geriatric nutrition risk index versus the mini-nutritional assessment short form in predicting postoperative delirium and hospital length of stay among older non-cardiac surgical patients: a prospective cohort study | Zhao, Y. Ge, N. Xie, D. Gao, L. Wang, Y. Liao, Y. Yue, J. | BMC Geriatr | 2020 |
Geriatric nutritional risk index |
Perioperative Multicomponent Interdisciplinary Program Reduces Delirium Incidence in Elderly Patients With Hip Fracture | Zhao, X. Yuan, W. | J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc | 2020 |
delirium |
Emergence delirium is associated with increased postoperative delirium in elderly: a prospective observational study | Zhang, Y. He, S. T. Nie, B. Li, X. Y. Wang, D. X. | J Anesth | 2020 |
Elderly |
S100β as a potential biomarker of incident delirium: a systematic review and meta-analysis | Zhang, X. Lyu, Y. Wang, D. | Minerva Anestesiol | 2020 | |
Effects of Dexmedetomidine on Postoperative Delirium and Expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in Elderly Patients After Hip Fracture Operation | Zhang, W. Wang, T. Wang, G. Yang, M. Zhou, Y. Yuan, Y. | Front Pharmacol | 2020 |
dexmedetomidine |
Nomogram Model for Predicting Risk of Postoperative Delirium After Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery in Patients Older Than 50 Years with Parkinson Disease | Zhan, L. Wang, X. Q. Zhang, L. X. | World Neurosurg | 2020 |
Advanced age |
Combining Ultrafast Anaesthesia and Minimal Invasive Implantation in HeartMate 3: A Pilot Study | Zayat, R. Ahmad, U. Twarie, L. Moza, A. Schaelte, G. Allham, O. Haneya, A. Khattab, M. Schnoering, H. Autschbach, R. | The Journal of heart and lung transplantation | 2020 |
adult |
Exosome α-Synuclein Release in Plasma May be Associated With Postoperative Delirium in Hip Fracture Patients | Yuan, Y. Li, Z. Yang, N. Han, Y. Ji, X. Han, D. Wang, X. Li, Y. Liu, T. Yuan, F. He, J. Liu, Y. Ni, C. Zou, P. Wang, G. Guo, X. Zhou, Y. | Front Aging Neurosci | 2020 |
exosome |
A multicentre, pragmatic, cluster randomised, controlled feasibility trial of the POD system of care | Young, J. Green, J. Farrin, A. Collinson, M. Hartley, S. Smith, J. Teale, E. Siddiqi, N. Inouye, S. K. | Age Ageing | 2020 |
delirium |
Association of Reversal of Anticoagulation Preoperatively on 30-Day Mortality and Outcomes for Hip Fracture Surgery | Yoo, M. S. Zhu, S. Jiang, S. F. Hammer, H. L. McBride, W. J. McCarthy, C. M. Green, C. E. Ananias, M. P. | American Journal of Medicine | 2020 |
adult |
Perioperative Complications and Prognosis of Curative Surgical Resection for Spinal Metastases in Elderly Patients | Yonezawa, N. Murakami, H. Demura, S. Kato, S. Yoshioka, K. Shinmura, K. Yokogawa, N. Shimizu, T. Oku, N. Kitagawa, R. Handa, M. Annen, R. Kurokawa, Y. Tsuchiya, H. | World Neurosurgery | 2020 |
titanium cage |
Risk factors for delirium in intensive care unit and its duration | Yanyan, L. Dajiang, Y. Xiaoya, L. Shao, W. | Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue | 2020 |
sedative agent |
Melatonergic agents in the prevention of delirium: A network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials | Yang, C. P. Tseng, P. T. Pei-Chen Chang, J. Su, H. Satyanarayanan, S. K. Su, K. P. | Sleep Med Rev | 2020 |
Delirium |
Oxycodone preemptive analgesia after endoscopic plasma total adenotonsillectomy in children a randomized controlled trial | Wu, J. Gui, Q. Wang, J. Ye, J. Xia, Z. Wang, S. Liu, F. Kong, F. Zhong, L. | Medicine (United States) | 2020 |
ChiCTR-INR-16009116 |
Delirium screening practice in specialist palliative care units: a survey | Woodhouse, R. Siddiqi, N. Boland, J. W. Featherstone, I. Johnson, M. J. | BMJ Support Palliat Care | 2020 |
delirium |
Movements and trends in intensive care pain treatment and sedation: What matters to the patient? | Wøien, H. | J Clin Nurs | 2020 |
Adult |
Quetiapine therapy in critically injured trauma patients is associated with an increased risk of pulmonary complications | Wessels, L. E. Wallace, J. D. Calvo, R. Y. Levko, T. Bowie, J. M. Butler, W. J. Bansal, V. Sise, C. B. Martin, M. J. Sise, M. J. | Am J Surg | 2020 |
Antipsychotic Agents/ adverse effects |
Combined non-intubated anaesthesia and paravertebral nerve block in comparison with intubated anaesthesia in children undergoing video-assisted thoracic surgery | Wei, W. Fan, Y. Liu, W. Zhao, T. Tian, H. Xu, Y. Tan, Y. Song, X. Ma, D. | Acta Anaesthesiol Scand | 2020 | |
The occurrence and timing of delirium in acute care hospitalizations in the last year of life: A population-based retrospective cohort study | Webber, C. Watt, C. L. Bush, S. H. Lawlor, P. G. Talarico, R. Tanuseputro, P. | Palliat Med | 2020 |
Delirium |
Frailty screening in hospitalised older adults: How does the brief Dutch National Safety Management Program perform compared to a more extensive approach? | Warnier, R. M. J. van Rossum, E. van Kuijk, S. M. J. Magdelijns, F. Schols, Jmga Kempen, Gijm | J Clin Nurs | 2020 |
Aged |
Predicting postoperative delirium after microvascular decompression surgery with machine learning | Wang, Y. Lei, L. Ji, M. Tong, J. Zhou, C. M. Yang, J. J. | J Clin Anesth | 2020 |
Machine learning |
Propensity score-adjusted three-component mixture model for drug-drug interaction data mining in FDA Adverse Event Reporting System | Wang, X. Li, L. Wang, L. Feng, W. Zhang, P. | Statistics in Medicine | 2020 |
amfebutamone |
Comparison between Dexmedetomidine and Midazolam for Sedation in Patients with Intubation after Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery | Wang, L. Zhang, T. Huang, L. Peng, W. | Biomed Res Int | 2020 | |
Comparison of Intranasal Dexmedetomidine and Oral Midazolam for Premedication in Pediatric Dental Patients under General Anesthesia: A Randomised Clinical Trial | Wang, L. Huang, L. Zhang, T. Peng, W. | Biomed Res Int | 2020 | |
Accelerated magnetic seizure therapy (aMST) for treatment of major depressive disorder: A pilot study | Wang, J. Vila-Rodriguez, F. Ge, R. Gao, S. Gregory, E. Jiang, W. Yang, C. Wang, G. | J Affect Disord | 2020 |
Cognition |
Development and validation of the delirium risk assessment score (DRAS) | Vreeswijk, R. Kalisvaart, I. Maier, A. B. Kalisvaart, K. J. | Eur Geriatr Med | 2020 |
Delirium |
Development and validation of the delirium risk assessment score (DRAS) | Vreeswijk, R. Kalisvaart, I. Maier, A. B. Kalisvaart, K. J. | Eur Geriatr Med | 2020 |
Delirium |
Hospital readmission following transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: A 14-year single-center experience | Vozzo, C. F. Singh, T. Bullen, J. Sarvepalli, S. McCullough, A. Kapoor, B. | Gastroenterology Report | 2020 |
politef implant |
Anticholinergic drug exposure at intensive care unit admission affects the occurrence of delirium. A prospective cohort study | Vondeling, A. M. Knol, W. Egberts, T. C. G. Slooter, A. J. C. | Eur J Intern Med | 2020 |
Anticholinergics |
Delirium Screening in Neurocritical Care and Stroke Unit Patients: A Pilot Study on the Influence of Neurological Deficits on CAM-ICU and ICDSC Outcome | von Hofen-Hohloch, J. Awissus, C. Fischer, M. M. Michalski, D. Rumpf, J. J. Classen, J. | Neurocrit Care | 2020 |
Cam-icu |
Intensive Care Unit Delirium in Surgical Patients Is Associated with Upregulation in Tryptophan Metabolism | Voils, S. A. Shoulders, B. R. Singh, S. Solberg, L. M. Garrett, T. J. Frye, R. F. | Pharmacotherapy | 2020 |
critical care |
Vitamin D and Postoperative Delirium After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Prospective Cohort Study | Velayati, A. Vahdat Shariatpanahi, M. Dehghan, S. Zayeri, F. Vahdat Shariatpanahi, Z. | Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia | 2020 |
adult |
New Delirium Severity Indicators: Generation and Internal Validation in the Better Assessment of Illness (BASIL) Study | Vasunilashorn, S. M. Schulman-Green, D. Tommet, D. Fong, T. G. Hshieh, T. T. Marcantonio, E. R. Metzger, E. D. Schmitt, E. M. Tabloski, P. A. Travison, T. G. Gou, Y. Helfand, B. Inouye, S. K. Jones, R. N. | Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord | 2020 |
Delirium |
A New Severity Scoring Scale for the 3-Minute Confusion Assessment Method (3D-CAM) | Vasunilashorn, S. M. Devinney, M. J. Acker, L. Jung, Y. Ngo, L. Cooter, M. Huang, R. Marcantonio, E. R. Berger, M. | J Am Geriatr Soc | 2020 | |
Use of a digital delirium pathway and quality improvement to improve delirium detection in the emergency department and outcomes in an acute hospital | Vardy, E. Collins, N. Grover, U. Thompson, R. Bagnall, A. Clarke, G. Heywood, S. Thompson, B. Wintle, L. Nutt, L. Hulme, S. | Age Ageing | 2020 |
acute |
Registration of attentional function as a predictor of incident delirium (the RAPID study) | van Zuylen, M. L. Hermanides, J. Ten Hoope, W. Preckel, B. van de Beek, D. van Gool, W. A. Schoenmaker, N. | Alzheimers Dement (N Y) | 2020 |
attentional function |
Predisposition for delirium and EEG characteristics | van Montfort, S. J. T. van Dellen, E. Wattel, L. L. Kant, I. M. J. Numan, T. Stam, C. J. Slooter, A. J. C. | Clin Neurophysiol | 2020 |
Delirium |
Geriatric assessment in the prediction of delirium and long-term survival after transcatheter aortic valve implantation | van der Wulp, K. van Wely, M. H. Schoon, Y. Vart, P. Olde Rikkert, M. G. M. Morshuis, W. J. van Royen, N. Verkroost, M. W. A. Gehlmann, H. R. Van Garsse, L. A. F. M. Kievit, P. C. | Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery | 2020 |
aged |
Complications with focus on delirium during hospital stay related to femoral nerve block compared to conventional pain management among patients with hip fracture – A randomised controlled trial | Unneby, A. Svensson, P. O. Gustafson, P. Y. Lindgren, A. P. B. M. Bergström, U. Olofsson, P. B. | Injury | 2020 |
aged |
Preoperative Vitamin D Level is Associated with Postoperative Delirium After Cardiac Surgery in Patients Over 65 Years of Age | Tumer, N. B. Tekeli Kunt, A. Gunaydin, S. Ozisik, K. | Heart Surg Forum | 2020 | |
Epileptic seizure discharges in patients after open chamber cardiac surgery—a prospective prevalence pilot study using continuous electroencephalography | Tschernatsch, M. Juenemann, M. Alhaidar, F. El Shazly, J. Butz, M. Meyer, M. Gerriets, T. Schönburg, M. Schramm, P. | Intensive Care Medicine | 2020 |
adult |
Pharmacogenomic response of low dose haloperidol in critically ill adults with delirium | Trogrlić, Z. van der Jagt, M. Osse, R. J. Devlin, J. W. Nieboer, D. Koch, B. C. P. van Schaik, R. H. N. Hunfeld, N. G. M. | J Crit Care | 2020 |
Delirium |
The Impact of Music and Noise-Cancellation on Sedation Requirements During Total Knee Replacement: A Randomized Controlled Trial | Tran, B. W. Nowrouz, M. Y. Dhillon, S. K. Xie, K. K. Breslin, K. M. Golladay, G. J. | Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil | 2020 |
acute pain medicine |
The Prevalence and Impact of Undiagnosed Mild Cognitive Impairment in Elderly Patients Undergoing Thoracic Surgery: A Prospective Cohort Study | Tong, C. Huang, C. Wu, J. Xu, M. Cao, H. | J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth | 2020 |
Mild cognitive impairment |
Development of a Palliative Care Toolkit for the COVID-19 Pandemic | Thomas, J. D. Leiter, R. E. Abrahm, J. L. Shameklis, J. C. Kiser, S. B. Gelfand, S. L. Sciacca, K. R. Reville, B. Siegert, C. A. Zhang, H. Lai, L. Sato, R. Smith, L. N. Kamdar, M. M. Greco, L. Lee, K. A. Tulsky, J. A. Lawton, A. J. | Journal of pain and symptom management | 2020 |
adult |
Interventions to Improve Clinical Outcomes in Older Adults Admitted to a Surgical Service: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis | Thillainadesan, J. Yumol, M. F. Hilmer, S. Aitken, S. J. Naganathan, V. | J Am Med Dir Assoc | 2020 |
Aging |
Timeliness of care and adverse event profile in children undergoing general anesthesia or sedation for MRI: An observational prospective cohort study | Thampi, S. Jose, R. Kothandan, P. Jiwanmall, M. Rai, E. | Saudi Journal of Anaesthesia | 2020 |
laryngeal mask |