What is the Delirium Bibliography? The searchable Delirium Bibliography page is one of our most popular features, allowing you to quickly gain access to the literature on delirium and acute care of older persons. It is primarily intended for clinicians and researchers interested in exploring these topics. The NIDUS team keeps it updated for you on a monthly basis!
How to Search for Articles: Search by author, title, year, and/or keywords. Each article is indexed by keywords taken from MEDLINE and other relevant databases. Click on the title of the article to read the abstract, journal, etc.
Reference Information
- Title
- The 4 'A's test for detecting delirium in acute medical patients: a diagnostic accuracy study
- Authors
- MacLullich, A. M. Shenkin, S. D. Goodacre, S. Godfrey, M. Hanley, J. Stiobhairt, A. Lavender, E. Boyd, J. Stephen, J. Weir, C. MacRaild, A. Steven, J. Black, P. Diernberger, K. Hall, P. Tieges, Z. Fox, C. Anand, A. Young, J. Siddiqi, N. Gray, A.
- Year
- 2019
- Journal
- Health Technol Assess
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: Delirium is a common and serious neuropsychiatric syndrome, usually triggered by illness or drugs. It remains underdetected. One reason for this is a lack of brief, pragmatic assessment tools. The 4 ‘A’s test (Arousal, Attention, Abbreviated Mental Test – 4, Acute change) (4AT) is a screening tool designed for routine use. This project evaluated its usability, diagnostic accuracy and cost. METHODS: Phase 1 – the usability of the 4AT in routine practice was measured with two surveys and two qualitative studies of health-care professionals, and a review of current clinical use of the 4AT as well as its presence in guidelines and reports. Phase 2 – the 4AT’s diagnostic accuracy was assessed in newly admitted acute medical patients aged >/= 70 years. Its performance was compared with that of the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM; a longer screening tool). The performance of individual 4AT test items was related to cognitive status, length of stay, new institutionalisation, mortality at 12 weeks and outcomes. The method used was a prospective, double-blind diagnostic test accuracy study in emergency departments or in acute general medical wards in three UK sites. Each patient underwent a reference standard delirium assessment and was also randomised to receive an assessment with either the 4AT (n = 421) or the CAM (n = 420). A health economics analysis was also conducted. RESULTS: Phase 1 found evidence that delirium awareness is increasing, but also that there is a need for education on delirium in general and on the 4AT in particular. Most users reported that the 4AT was useful, and it was in widespread use both in the UK and beyond. No changes to the 4AT were considered necessary. Phase 2 involved 785 individuals who had data for analysis; their mean age was 81.4 (standard deviation 6.4) years, 45% were male, 99% were white and 9% had a known dementia diagnosis. The 4AT (n = 392) had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.90. A positive 4AT score (> 3) had a specificity of 95% [95% confidence interval (CI) 92% to 97%] and a sensitivity of 76% (95% CI 61% to 87%) for reference standard delirium. The CAM (n = 382) had a specificity of 100% (95% CI 98% to 100%) and a sensitivity of 40% (95% CI 26% to 57%) in the subset of participants whom it was possible to assess using this. Patients with positive 4AT scores had longer lengths of stay (median 5 days, interquartile range 2.0-14.0 days) than did those with negative 4AT scores (median 2 days, interquartile range 1.0-6.0 days), and they had a higher 12-week mortality rate (16.1% and 9.2%, respectively). The estimated 12-week costs of an initial inpatient stay for patients with delirium were more than double the costs of an inpatient stay for patients without delirium (e.g. in Scotland, pound7559, 95% CI pound7362 to pound7755, vs. pound4215, 95% CI pound4175 to pound4254). The estimated cost of false-positive cases was pound4653, of false-negative cases was pound8956, and of a missed diagnosis was pound2067. LIMITATIONS: Patients were aged >/= 70 years and were assessed soon after they were admitted, limiting generalisability. The treatment of patients in accordance with reference standard diagnosis limited the ability to assess comparative cost-effectiveness. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the use of the 4AT as a rapid delirium assessment instrument. The 4AT has acceptable diagnostic accuracy for acute older patients aged > 70 years. FUTURE WORK: Further research should address the real-world implementation of delirium assessment. The 4AT should be tested in other populations. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN53388093. FUNDING: This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 23, No. 40. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information. The funder specified that any new delirium assessment tool should be compared against the CAM, but had no other role in the study design or conduct of the study.
Delirium is the sudden onset of confusion that can happen when someone is unwell. It is common in older people who go into hospital, and it is upsetting for both the patients and their families. Delirium is important to diagnose, because people with delirium do less well than those without, and it is often treatable. The ideal way to diagnose delirium is with a full assessment by a specialist, but this is expensive and time-consuming. We therefore developed a short test called the 4 ‘A’s Test (4AT). The four ‘A’s stand for Arousal, Attention, Abbreviated Mental Test – 4, and Acute change. First, we interviewed hospital staff about delirium and the 4AT. We found that the 4AT was already widely used and that people found it easy to use. We then tested how the 4AT performed in practice. A total of 785 recently admitted patients aged >/= 70 years participated, of whom around one in eight had delirium. A researcher carried out the full standard delirium assessment on each patient and then a different researcher carried out the 4AT. A normal 4AT score reliably ruled out delirium. An abnormal score was also reasonably effective in detecting delirium, but staff still needed to follow up such patients with a full assessment. People with higher 4AT scores stayed in hospital longer and were more likely to die, and their treatment was more expensive. We conclude that the 4AT is a useful test to rule out delirium or to see if more detailed testing is required. It could help treat patients correctly and quickly. This would save money and improve outcomes.
eng
- PMID
- Keywords
4at
Acute hospitals
Cam
Delirium
Dementia
Diagnostic accuracy
- Page(s)
- 194
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 40
Title | Authors | Journal | Year | Keywords |
---|---|---|---|---|
Analysis of the Incidence and Risk Factors of Postoperative Delirium in Patients With Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy | Kim, N. Kim, T. H. Oh, J. K. Lim, J. Lee, K. U. Kim, S. W. | Neurospine | 2022 |
Cervical myelopathy |
Intraoperative low tidal volume ventilation and the risk of ICD-10 coded delirium and the use for antipsychotic medications | Karalapillai, D. Weinberg, L. Neto, A. S. Peyton, P. J. Ellard, L. Hu, R. Pearce, B. Tan, C. Story, D. O'Donnell, M. Hamilton, P. Oughton, C. Galtieri, J. Appu, S. Wilson, A. Eastwood, G. Bellomo, R. Jones, D. A. | BMC Anesthesiol | 2022 |
Adult |
Falling for It: Of Falls, Families, and Delirium | Jiménez, J. V. Hyzy, R. C. | Crit Care Med | 2022 |
*Accidental Falls |
Safety and Effectiveness of Perospirone in Comparison to Risperidone for Treatment of Delirium in Patients with Advanced Cancer: A Multicenter Prospective Observational Study in Real-World Psycho-Oncology Settings | Inoue, S. Maeda, I. Ogawa, A. Yoshiuchi, K. Terada, S. Yamada, N. | Acta Med Okayama | 2022 |
Aged |
Higher Grade Glioma Increases the Risk of Postoperative Delirium: Deficient Brain Compensation Might Be a Potential Mechanism of Postoperative Delirium | Huang, H. W. Zhang, X. K. Li, H. Y. Wang, Y. G. Jing, B. Chen, Y. Patel, M. B. Ely, E. W. Liu, Y. O. Zhou, J. X. Lin, S. Zhang, G. B. | Front Aging Neurosci | 2022 |
brain cognitive compensation |
Fluconazole-induced delirium in an older patient with schizophrenia | Hu, T. M. Wu, C. L. | Psychogeriatrics | 2022 | |
Knowledge assessment is key to identifying the training needs of delirium care | Ho, M. H. | Intensive Crit Care Nurs | 2022 |
*Delirium/nursing/therapy |
Anticholinergic Drug Exposure Increases the Risk of Delirium in Older Patients Undergoing Elective Surgery | Herrmann, M. L. Boden, C. Maurer, C. Kentischer, F. Mennig, E. Wagner, S. Conzelmann, L. O. Förstner, B. R. Rapp, M. A. von Arnim, C. A. F. Denkinger, M. Eschweiler, G. W. Thomas, C. | Front Med (Lausanne) | 2022 |
acute encephalopathy |
A prediction model for delirium after cardiac surgery: Another step towards prevention? | Herman, J. A. Urman, R. D. Urits, I. Kaye, A. D. Viswanath, O. | J Clin Anesth | 2022 |
*Cardiac Surgical Procedures/adverse effects |
The effect of a dexmedetomidine infusion on delirium in the ICU | Herman, J. A. Urman, R. D. Urits, I. Kaye, A. D. Viswanath, O. | J Clin Anesth | 2022 |
*Delirium/chemically induced/drug therapy |
Which interventions can reduce post-operative delirium in the elderly? Synthesis of multidisciplinary and pharmacological intervention data | Herman, J. Urman, R. D. Urits, I. Kaye, A. D. Viswanath, O. | J Clin Anesth | 2022 |
Aged |
What is the impact of perioperative cerebral oxygen desaturation on postoperative delirium in old population: a systemic review and meta-analysis | He, K. Q. Wang, S. Zhang, W. Liu, Q. Chai, X. Q. | Aging Clin Exp Res | 2022 |
Cerebral oxygen saturation |
Midazolam and delirium: can you have it both ways? | Greengrass, R. A. | Reg Anesth Pain Med | 2022 |
*Delirium/chemically induced/diagnosis |
Music Interventions and Delirium in Adults: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis | Golubovic, J. Neerland, B. E. Aune, D. Baker, F. A. | Brain Sci | 2022 |
acute confusion |
In older adults having hip fracture surgery, regional vs. general anesthesia did not reduce postoperative delirium | Gill, S. S. | Ann Intern Med | 2022 |
Aged |
Relationship between preoperative anxiety and onset of delirium after cardiovascular surgery in elderly patients: focus on personality and coping process | Fukunaga, H. Sugawara, H. Koyama, A. Okamoto, K. Fukui, T. Ishikawa, T. Takebayashi, M. Sekiyama, K. Hashimoto, M. | Psychogeriatrics | 2022 |
agreeableness |
Identifying Delirium in Persons With Moderate or Severe Dementia: Review of Challenges and an Illustrative Approach | Fong, T. G. Hshieh, T. T. Tabloski, P. A. Metzger, E. D. Arias, F. Heintz, H. L. Patrick, R. E. Lapid, M. I. Schmitt, E. M. Harper, D. G. Forester, B. P. Inouye, S. K. | Am J Geriatr Psychiatry | 2022 |
Advanced dementia |
Depression is associated with delirium after cardiac surgery - A population-based cohort study | Falk, A. Kåhlin, J. Nymark, C. Hultgren, R. Stenman, M. | Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg | 2022 |
Cardiac surgery |
Incidence, characteristics and risk factors of delirium in the intensive care unit: An observational study | Erbay Dalli, Ö Kelebek Girgin, N. Kahveci, F. | J Clin Nurs | 2022 |
critically ill |
Incidence, characteristics and risk factors of delirium in the intensive care unit: An observational study | Erbay Dalli, Ö Kelebek Girgin, N. Kahveci, F. | J Clin Nurs | 2022 |
critically ill |
Association Between Perioperative Medication Use and Postoperative Delirium and Cognition in Older Adults Undergoing Elective Noncardiac Surgery | Duprey, M. S. Devlin, J. W. Griffith, J. L. Travison, T. G. Briesacher, B. A. Jones, R. Saczynski, J. S. Schmitt, E. M. Gou, Y. Marcantonio, E. R. Inouye, S. K. | Anesth Analg | 2022 |
Aged |
Comparison of incidence of emergence delirium in pediatric patients with three different techniques of general anesthesia using sevoflurane and propofol: a randomized controlled trial | Deepak, M. Shilpa, G. Nikhil, K. Ankur, S. Rakesh, K. Swati, C. Akhil, G. Pradeep, B. | Braz J Anesthesiol | 2022 | |
Delirium and long-term psychopathology following surgery in older adults | de Mul, N. van den Bos, Lmec Kant, I. M. J. van Montfort, S. J. T. Schellekens, W. M. Cremer, O. L. Slooter, A. J. C. | J Psychosom Res | 2022 |
Aged |
Study protocol to test the efficacy of self-administration of dexmedetomidine sedative therapy on anxiety, delirium, and ventilator days in critically ill mechanically ventilated patients: an open-label randomized clinical trial | Chlan, L. L. Weinert, C. R. Tracy, M. F. Skaar, D. J. Gajic, O. Ask, J. Mandrekar, J. | Trials | 2022 |
Aftercare |
Corticosteroids in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: A meta-analysis of 12,559 patients | Chen, L. Xiang, F. Hu, Y. | Perfusion | 2022 |
cardiac surgery |
Postoperative outcomes in older surgical patients with preoperative cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis | Chen, L. Au, E. Saripella, A. Kapoor, P. Yan, E. Wong, J. Tang-Wai, D. F. Gold, D. Riazi, S. Suen, C. He, D. Englesakis, M. Nagappa, M. Chung, F. | J Clin Anesth | 2022 |
Cognitive impairment |
Benzodiazepine-Based Sedation Did Not Add an Independent Risk of Delirium? | Cai, X. Gao, R. Zhang, S. Chen, C. | Crit Care Med | 2022 |
*Benzodiazepines/adverse effects |
Natural language processing and detecting delirium | Burki, T. | Lancet Respir Med | 2022 | |
Delirium risk factors in hospitalized patient: a comprehensive evaluation of underlying diseases and medications in different wards of a large Urban Hospital Center in Iran | Arbabi, M. Ziaei, E. Amini, B. Ghadimi, H. Rashidi, F. Shohanizad, N. Moradi, S. Beikmarzehei, A. Hasanzadeh, A. Parsaei, A. | BMC Anesthesiol | 2022 |
*Delirium/epidemiology |
Depression and anxiety increase the odds of developing delirium in ICU patients; a prospective observational study | Arbabi, M. Dezhdar, Z. Amini, B. Dehnavi, A. Z. Ghasemi, M. | Cogn Neuropsychiatry | 2022 |
Anxiety |
Andersen-Ranberg, N. Poulsen, L. M. Perner, A. Hästbacka, J. Morgan, M. P. G. Citerio, G. Oxenbøll-Collet, M. Weber, S. O. Andreasen, A. S. Bestle, M. H. Uslu, B. Pedersen, H. B. S. Nielsen, L. G. Damgaard, K. Jensen, T. B. Sommer, T. Dey, N. Mathiesen, | Agents intervening against delirium in the intensive care unit trial-Protocol for a secondary Bayesian analysis | Acta Anaesthesiol Scand | 2022 |
Bayesian statistics |
Sleep monitoring challenges in patients with neurocognitive disorders: A cross-sectional analysis of missing data from activity trackers | Ahuja, M. Siddhpuria, S. Reppas-Rindlisbacher, C. Wong, E. Gormley, J. Lee, J. Patterson, C. | Health Sci Rep | 2022 |
activity monitor |
The Dilemma of Treating Delirium: the Conundrum of Drug Management | Agar, M. R. Amgarth-Duff, I. | Curr Treat Options Oncol | 2022 |
Antipsychotics |
Gabapentinoid Use Is Associated With Reduced Occurrence of Hyperactive Delirium in Older Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study in Japan | Abe, H. Sumitani, M. Matsui, H. Inoue, R. Konishi, M. Fushimi, K. Uchida, K. Yasunaga, H. | Anesth Analg | 2022 |
Gabapentinoid Use Is Associated With Reduced Occurrence of Hyperactive Delirium in Older Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study in Japan |
Incidence, predictors and health outcomes of delirium in very old hospitalized patients: a prospective cohort study | Zhang, M. Zhang, X. Gao, L. Yue, J. Jiang, X. | BMC Geriatr | 2022 |
Aged |
The effect of delirium information training given to intensive care nurses on patient care: quasi-experimental study | Yıldırım, F. Türkleş, S. Altundal Duru, H. | PeerJ | 2022 |
Checklist |
Mechanical Bowel Preparation Is a Risk Factor for Postoperative Delirium as It Alters the Gut Microbiota Composition: A Prospective Randomized Single-Center Study | Yang, Z. Tong, C. Qian, X. Wang, H. Wang, Y. | Front Aging Neurosci | 2022 |
gastrectomy |
The Mini-Cog: A simple screening tool for cognitive impairment useful in predicting the risk of delirium after major urological cancer surgery | Yajima, S. Nakanishi, Y. Matsumoto, S. Ookubo, N. Tanabe, K. Kataoka, M. Masuda, H. | Geriatr Gerontol Int | 2022 |
Activities of Daily Living |
A Novel Radiomics-Based Machine Learning Framework for Prediction of Acute Kidney Injury-Related Delirium in Patients Who Underwent Cardiovascular Surgery | Xue, X. Chen, W. Chen, X. | Comput Math Methods Med | 2022 |
*Acute Kidney Injury/diagnostic imaging/etiology |
The Effect of Preoperative Methylprednisolone on Postoperative Delirium in Older Patients Undergoing Gastrointestinal Surgery: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial | Xiang, X. B. Chen, H. Wu, Y. L. Wang, K. Yue, X. Cheng, X. Q. | J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci | 2022 |
Aged |
Head-to-head comparison of 14 prediction models for postoperative delirium in elderly non-ICU patients: an external validation study | Wong, C. K. van Munster, B. C. Hatseras, A. Huis In 't Veld, E. van Leeuwen, B. L. de Rooij, S. E. Pleijhuis, R. G. | BMJ Open | 2022 |
Aged |
Impact of a dementia-friendly program on detection and management of patients with cognitive impairment and delirium in acute-care hospital units: a controlled clinical trial design | Weldingh, N. M. Mellingsæter, M. R. Hegna, B. W. Benth, J. S. Einvik, G. Juliebø, V. Thommessen, B. Kirkevold, M. | BMC Geriatr | 2022 |
Aged |
Influence of Patient-Specific Covariates on Test Validity of Two Delirium Screening Instruments in Neurocritical Care Patients (DEMON-ICU) | Weiss, B. Paul, N. Spies, C. D. Ullrich, D. Ansorge, I. Salih, F. Wolf, S. Luetz, A. | Neurocrit Care | 2022 |
Critical Care/methods |
Development and Validation of a Postoperative Delirium Prediction Model for Elderly Orthopedic Patients in the Intensive Care Unit | Wang, G. Zhang, L. Qi, Y. Chen, G. Zhou, J. Zhu, H. Hao, Y. | J Healthc Eng | 2022 |
Aged |
Effects of Atorvastatin Therapy on Postoperative Delirium After Malignant Tumor Surgeries in Older Adults | Wan, R. Cai, S. Pan, D. Yang, W. Zhou, R. | Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat | 2022 |
30-day all-cause mortality |
Psychometric Properties of a Delirium Severity Score for Older Adults and Association With Hospital and Posthospital Outcomes | Vasunilashorn, S. M. Fong, T. G. Helfand, B. K. I. Hshieh, T. T. Marcantonio, E. R. Metzger, E. D. Schmitt, E. M. Tabloski, P. A. Travison, T. G. Gou, Y. Jones, R. N. Inouye, S. K. | JAMA Netw Open | 2022 |
Aged |
Delirium can be safely managed in the community through implementation of a community toolkit: a proof-of-concept pilot study | Vardy, E. Roberts, S. Pratt, H. | Future Healthc J | 2022 |
assessment |
Delirium as a Presenting Symptom of COVID-19 | Tyson, B. Shahein, A. Erdodi, L. Tyson, L. Tyson, R. Ghomi, R. Agarwal, P. | Cogn Behav Neurol | 2022 | |
The effect of baseline cognition and delirium on long-term cognitive impairment and mortality: a prospective population-based study | Tsui, A. Searle, S. D. Bowden, H. Hoffmann, K. Hornby, J. Goslett, A. Weston-Clarke, M. Howes, L. H. Street, R. Perera, R. Taee, K. Kustermann, C. Chitalu, P. Razavi, B. Magni, F. Das, D. Kim, S. Chaturvedi, N. Sampson, E. L. Rockwood, K. Cunningham, C. E | Lancet Healthy Longev | 2022 | |
Delirium with visual hallucinations induced by low-dose olanzapine | Takeuchi, N. Makino, T. Nishihara, M. | Psychogeriatrics | 2022 |
*Antipsychotic Agents/adverse effects |
Catatonia and Delirium: Similarity and Overlap of Acute Brain Dysfunction | Tachibana, M. Ishizuka, K. Inada, T. | Front Psychiatry | 2022 |
acute brain dysfunction |
Association between stress hyperglycemia ratio and delirium in older hospitalized patients: a cohort study | Song, Q. Dai, M. Zhao, Y. Lin, T. Huang, L. Yue, J. | BMC Geriatr | 2022 |
Aged |
Machine Learning to Identify Psychomotor Behaviors of Delirium for Patients in Long-Term Care Facility | Son, C. S. Kang, W. S. Lee, J. H. Moon, K. J. | IEEE J Biomed Health Inform | 2022 |
Adult |
Parents' Time Perspective as a Predictor of Child's Postsurgical Pain, Emergence Delirium, and Parents' Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms after Child's Surgery | Sobol, M. Sobol, M. K. | Children (Basel) | 2022 |
Ptsd |
Applicability of the interventions recommended for patients at risk or with delirium in medical and post-acute settings: a systematic review and a Nominal Group Technique study | Sist, L. Ugenti, N. V. Donati, G. Cedioli, S. Mansutti, I. Zanetti, E. Macchiarulo, M. Messina, R. Rucci, P. Palese, A. | Aging Clin Exp Res | 2022 |
Applicability |
Prevalence and features of delirium in older patients admitted to rehabilitation facilities: a multicenter study | Sidoli, C. Zambon, A. Tassistro, E. Rossi, E. Mossello, E. Inzitari, M. Cherubini, A. Marengoni, A. Morandi, A. Bellelli, G. | Aging Clin Exp Res | 2022 |
Delirium |
Nomogram Models for Predicting Delirium of Patients in Emergency Intensive Care Unit: A Retrospective Cohort Study | Shi, Y. Wang, H. Zhang, L. Zhang, M. Shi, X. Pei, H. Bai, Z. | Int J Gen Med | 2022 |
area under curve |
Effect of midazolam on delirium in critically ill patients: a propensity score analysis | Shi, H. J. Yuan, R. X. Zhang, J. Z. Chen, J. H. Hu, A. M. | J Int Med Res | 2022 |
Midazolam delirium critical care propensity score analysis cohort study risk factor |
Prediction of Postoperative Delirium After Cardiac Surgery with A Quick Test of Cognitive Speed, Mini-Mental State Examination and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale | Segernäs, A. Skoog, J. Ahlgren Andersson, E. Almerud Österberg, S. Thulesius, H. Zachrisson, H. | Clin Interv Aging | 2022 |
Aged |
A retrospective comparison of haloperidol and hydroxyzine combination therapy with haloperidol alone in the treatment of overactive delirium | Sato, J. Tanaka, R. | Support Care Cancer | 2022 |
*Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use |
Serum folate deficiency and the risks of dementia and all-cause mortality: a national study of old age | Rotstein, A. Kodesh, A. Goldberg, Y. Reichenberg, A. Levine, S. Z. | Evid Based Ment Health | 2022 |
Aged |
Incidence of Postoperative Delirium Is Similar with Regional and General Anesthesia | Rosenberg, K. | Am J Nurs | 2022 |
Aged |
Delirium and Delirium Severity Predict the Trajectory of the Hierarchical Assessment of Balance and Mobility in Hospitalized Older People: Findings From the DECIDE Study | Richardson, S. Murray, J. Davis, D. Stephan, B. C. M. Robinson, L. Brayne, C. Barnes, L. Parker, S. Sayer, A. A. Dodds, R. M. Allan, L. | J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci | 2022 |
Aged |
Anesthetic Practice Trends and Perceptions Toward Postoperative Delirium: A Mixed-Methods Analysis | Ragheb, J. Norcott, A. E. Iskander, M. Brooks, J. McKinney, A. Mentz, G. Vlisides, P. E | Anesth Analg | 2022 | |
Preoperative Vitamin D Deficiency Is Associated With Postoperative Delirium in Critically Ill Patients | Qiu, Y. Sessler, D. I. Chen, L. Halvorson, S. Cohen, B. Bravo, M. Ince, I. Maheshwari, K. Kurz, A. | J Intensive Care Med | 2022 |
Adult |
Physicians' beliefs and attitudes toward hypoactive delirium in the last days of life | Oya, K. Morita, T. Tagami, K. Matsuda, Y. Naito, A. S. Kashiwagi, H. Otani, H. | J Pain Symptom Manage | 2022 |
antipsychotic |
Evidence-Based Guideline on Management of Postoperative Delirium in Older People for Low Resource Setting: Systematic Review Article | Mossie, A. Regasa, T. Neme, D. Awoke, Z. Zemedkun, A. Hailu, S. | Int J Gen Med | 2022 |
delirium prevention |
Delirium diagnosis without a gold standard: Evaluating diagnostic accuracy of combined delirium assessment tools | Moss, S. J. Hee Lee, C. Doig, C. J. Whalen-Browne, L. Stelfox, H. T. Fiest, K. M. | PLoS One | 2022 |
Adult |
Steroid dosing and delirium after lung transplant surgery | Mody, G. N. Choi, B. Townsend, K. Kerwin, C. Larios, D. Boukedes, S. Coppolino, A. Singh, S. Jin, G. Wolfe, D. Mallidi, H. Goldberg, H. | Gen Hosp Psychiatry | 2022 |
*Delirium/etiology |
A systematic review of strategies for preventing delirium in patients undergoing vascular surgery | Meulenbroek, A. L. van Mil, S. R. Faes, M. C. Mattace-Raso, F. U. S. Fourneau, I. van der Laan, L. | Ann Vasc Surg | 2022 |
Aneurysm of the abdominal aorta |
The impact of perioperative stroke and delirium on outcomes after surgical aortic valve replacement | Messé, S. R. Overbey, J. R. Thourani, V. H. Moskowitz, A. J. Gelijns, A. C. Groh, M. A. Mack, M. J. Ailawadi, G. Furie, K. L. Southerland, A. M. James, M. L. Moy, C. S. Gupta, L. Voisine, P. Perrault, L. P. Bowdish, M. E. Gillinov, A. M. O'Gara, P. T. Ou | J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg | 2022 |
aortic valve |
Tau as a serum biomarker of delirium after major cardiac surgery: a single centre case-control study | McKay, T. B. Qu, J. Liang, F. Mueller, A. Wiener-Kronish, J. Xie, Z. Akeju, O. | Br J Anaesth | 2022 |
Alzheimer’s disease |
Insulinoma: an uncommon cause of delirium | McComb, K. Roulston, G. Armstrong, L. | Age Ageing | 2022 |
Aged |
The Twilight Zone: Oxybutynin Overuse Exacerbating Delirium | Marthi, S. Pomerantz, M. A. Mernan, A. J. Berlow, Y. A. | J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol | 2022 |
anticholinergic medications |
Corrigendum: Risk Factors for Delirium Are Different in the Very Old: A Comparative One-Year Prospective Cohort Study of 5,831 Patients | Marquetand, J. Bode, L. Fuchs, S. Hildenbrand, F. Ernst, J. von Känel, R. Boettger, S. | Front Psychiatry | 2022 |
comparison |
The development of the MENTOR_D nursing intervention: Supporting family involvement in delirium management | Mailhot, T. Cossette, S. Lavoie, P. Maheu-Cadotte, M. A. Fontaine, G. Bourbonnais, A. Côté, J. | Int J Older People Nurs | 2022 |
delirium |
Factors Associated With Severity of Delirium Complicating COVID-19 in Intensive Care Units | Madonna, D. Enrico, P. Ciappolino, V. Boscutti, A. Colombo, E. Turtulici, N. Cantù, F. Cereda, G. Delvecchio, G. De Falco, S. Chierichetti, M. Savioli, M. Grasselli, G. Brambilla, P. | Front Neurol | 2022 |
Ards |
An open-label clinical trial of oral transmucosal haloperidol and oral transmucosal olanzapine in the treatment of terminal delirium at home | Lyu, X. J. Kan, A. D. Chong, P. H. Lin, K. Koh, Y. H. Yeo, Z. Z. | Trials | 2022 |
*Antipsychotic Agents/adverse effects |
Family-centred care interventions to reduce the delirium prevalence in critically ill patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis | Lin, L. Peng, Y. Zhang, H. Huang, X. Chen, L. Lin, Y. | Nurs Open | 2022 |
delirium |
White-Cell Derived Inflammatory Biomarkers in Prediction of Postoperative Delirium in Elderly Patients Undergoing Surgery for Lower Limb Fracture Under Non-General Anaesthesia | Li, X. Wang, G. He, Y. Wang, Z. Zhang, M. | Clin Interv Aging | 2022 |
Aged |
Comparative salary-related costs of a brief app-directed delirium identification protocol by hospitalists, nurses, and nursing assistants | Leslie, D. L. Fick, D. M. Moore, A. Inouye, S. K. Jung, Y. Ngo, L. H. Boltz, M. Husser, E. Shrestha, P. Boustani, M. Marcantonio, E. R. | J Am Geriatr Soc | 2022 |
cost-analysis |
Investigation and treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in older patients with delirium: a cross-sectional survey of Canadian physicians | Laguë, A. Boucher, V. Joo, P. Yadav, K. Morasse, C. Émond, M. | Cjem | 2022 |
Aged |
APOE e4 Genotypes Increase Risk of Delirium During COVID-19-Related Hospitalizations: Evidence From a Large UK Cohort | Kuo, C. L. Pilling, L. C. Atkins, J. L. Fortinsky, R. H. Kuchel, G. A. Melzer, D. | J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci | 2022 |
Alleles |
Nurses' Knowledge about Delirium in the Group of Intensive Care Units Patients | Krupa, S. Friganović, A. Oomen, B. Benko, S. Mędrzycka-Dąbrowska, W. | Int J Environ Res Public Health | 2022 |
Clinical Competence |
Early Ambulation to Prevent Delirium After Long-Time Head and Neck Cancer Surgery | Kim, J. H. Lee, Y. S. Kim, Y. H. Cho, K. J. Jung, Y. H. Choi, S. H. Nam, S. Y. Kim, S. Y. | Front Surg | 2022 |
ambulation |
The effect of regional nerve block on perioperative delirium in hip fracture surgery for the elderly: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials | Kim, C. H. Yang, J. Y. Min, C. H. Shon, H. C. Kim, J. W. Lim, E. J. | Orthop Traumatol Surg Res | 2022 |
Aged |
Role of multicomponent non-pharmacological nursing interventions on delirium prevention: A randomized controlled study | Kasapoğlu, E. S. Enç, N. | Geriatr Nurs | 2022 |
Critical Illness |
Early Intervention of Perioperative Delirium in Older Patients (>60 years) with Hip Fracture: A Randomized Controlled Study | Jing, G. W. Xie, Q. Tong, J. Liu, L. Z. Jiang, X. Si, L. | Orthop Surg | 2022 |
Delirium |
Functional Outcome in Patients with Chronic Subdural Hematoma: Postoperative Delirium and Operative Procedure | Ishida, T. Inoue, T. Inoue, T. Saito, A. Suzuki, S. Uenohara, H. Tominaga, T. | Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) | 2022 |
*Delirium/etiology |
Delirium in geriatric patients | Iglseder, B. Frühwald, T. Jagsch, C. | Wien Med Wochenschr | 2022 |
Aged |
Recognizing Intensive Care Unit Delirium: Are Critical Care Nurses Ready? | Ho, M. H. Chang, H. R. Liu, M. F. Chen, K. H. Shen Hsiao, S. T. Traynor, V. | J Nurs Res | 2022 | |
Effect of an evidence-based poster on the knowledge of delirium and its prevention in student nurses: A quasi-experimental study | Glass, G. F. Tan, H. Chan, E. Y. | Contemp Nurse | 2022 |
Aged |
Lack of Association Between Perioperative Medication and Postoperative Delirium in Hip Fracture Patients in an Orthogeriatric Care Pathway | Genet, B. Lamy, T. Cohen-Bittan, J. Glasman, P. Verny, M. Riou, B. Boddaert, J. Zerah, L. | J Am Med Dir Assoc | 2022 |
Aged |
Dexmedetomidine after Cardiac Surgery for Prevention of Delirium (EXACTUM) trial protocol: a multicentre randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial | Gargadennec, T. Oilleau, J. F. Rozec, B. Nesseler, N. Lasocki, S. Futier, E. Amour, J. Durand, M. Bougle, A. Kerforne, T. Consigny, M. Eddi, D. Huet, O. | BMJ Open | 2022 |
Aged |
Validation of E-PRE-DELIRIC in cardiac surgical ICU delirium: A retrospective cohort study | Gao, W. Zhang, Y. Jin, J. | Nurs Crit Care | 2022 |
Adult |
Association Between Sedative Medication Administration and Delirium Development in a Medical Intensive Care Unit | Franz, N. D. Alaniz, C. Miller, J. T. Farina, N. | J Pharm Pract | 2022 |
benzodiazepine |
Nurse-Driven Assessment, Prevention, and Management of Delirium on an Acute Inpatient Neurology Unit | Francisco, M. A. Gesell, T. Meletis, S. Bohr, N. L. Gleason, L. J. | J Nurs Care Qual | 2022 | |
Delirium the next frontier | Fong, T. G. Inouye, S. K. | J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci | 2022 |
*Delirium/diagnosis/etiology |
Presurgical Thalamus Volume in Postoperative Delirium: A Longitudinal Observational Cohort Study in Older Patients | Fislage, M. Feinkohl, I. Pischon, T. Spies, C. D. Borchers, F. Winterer, G. Zacharias, N. | Anesth Analg | 2022 | |
The association between preoperative Mini-Cog© score and postoperative delirium (POD): a retrospective cohort study | Fiamanya, S. Ma, S. Yates, D. R. A. | Perioper Med (Lond) | 2022 |
Cognitive impairment |